Archives of Rehabilitation (Journal of Rehabilitation)
Year:2006 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 (24)|Papers Count:12

Objective: Many neuroscientists through out the world are trying to access the transplantation of different kinds of cells and tissues as a proper and effective treatment strategy in the nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of transplantation of BMSC (Bone marrow stromal cell) on central nervous system repair using gel foam in hemisectioned spinalcard rats.Materials & Methods: Simple randomize selected rats suffering of L4 – L6 Spinal cord hemisection lesion, were divided into five groups. The first group was as control, the spinal cord of the other groups were hemisectioned. The second group received no treatment, the third group received a gel foam implant only, In the fourth group after implantation of gel foam, BMSC were injected locally into the lesion area and in the fifth group a combination of gel foam and BMSC was implanted. The BMSC obtained from young rat bone. BBB (Basoo, Beattie, Bresnahan) test was done at the end of first day, 1st, 2ed, 3rd, 4 th and 5th weeks after surgery. Results: The L4-L6 Segments were prepared for neural cell count quantitative results of both procedures showed significant differences comparing two treated groups with the second and third groups. The results indicated that BMSC could improve spinal cord injury. Conclusion: It may concluded that this method could improve the spinal cord motor function after injury and gel foam acts as a scaffold to colonize the BMSC at the lesion site.

Introduction: Epidemiologic Investigations have revealed a high prevalence (16% - 44%) of shoulder complaints consistent with "impingement" in certain occupations.Multiple theories exist in respect to the primary etiology of shoulder "impingement" such as anatomic abnormalities of the coracoacrominal arch or humeral head; weakness or degeneration of the rotator cuff tendons; shoulder kinematic; postural abnormalities and improper scapular muscles control.Objective: comparison of kinematic parameters of shoulder complex in healthy and impingement persons. Material & Methods: 17 patients with shoulder Impingement syndrome that were selected conveniently (age=43.82) and 17 healthy persons that were matched with patients (age=44.5) participated in this case – control study.A three - dimensional electromechanical digitizer was used to measure scapular position and orientation. Measurements were taken while the arm placed at the side of the body and elevated 45˚, 90˚, 120˚ along with full range of motien in the scapular plane.Orientation was described by upward rotation angle, posterior tilting angle and internal rotation angle. Position was described by medio – lateral position and superio – inferior position.Results: Comparing to non impaired subjects, those with impingement, demonstrated a significantly lower upward rotation angle (90Ú, 120Ú) and posterior tilt angle of the scapla in respective scapular plane. (P<0/05)Conclusion: These results suggest that altered scapular kinematic maybe an important aspect of the "impingement syndrome".Scapular upward Rotation and posterior tipping are important to consider in the rehabilitation of patients with symptoms of shoulder Impingement.

Objective: This research is aimed to evaluate precisely a dynamic stability platform system to measure the center of gravity's sways around with fluctuations of cerebral spastic palsy children, before an after exercise therapy.Materials & Methods: Ten children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy between 8 to15 years of age, wre  participated in this quasi experimental (after – before) study.  Their mean weight and height were (30.8kg ± 5.7kg) and (1.35m±0.09m) respectively.  Subjects underwent a 12 weeks of exercise therapy. A dynamic stability platform system (BIODEX) was used to measure the center of gravity’s sway around the center of base of support (COBOS). The balance tests were repeated on stable, almost stable and unstable base of support as well as with and without shoes.  Results: Findings showed that the mean sway of center of gravity of the cerebral palsy children was significantly decrease after exercise therapy by 0.2 degrees (p=0.001). The greatest improvement achieved on AP directions in all conditions. Wearing shoes resulted in a significant decrease on the body sway.  Conclusion: Exercise therapy significantly improved body balance in CP children.  The function of the proprioceptives of the hip and trunk can be improved by exercise therapy and therefore should be considered in rehabilitation program.

Objective: Counter force brace is one of the most usefull treatments for lateral opicondylitis (Tennis elbow) because it decreases grip pain and increases the power of grip, power of wrist extension and Wrist Range of Motility.The purpose of this quasi experimental (repeated measurements) study was to determine the effect of 3 counterforce brace sizes on the wrist R.O.M, grip and wrist extension strength and pain intensity in two groups of healthy subjects and patients with tennis elbow.Materials & methods: 18 normal subjects & 18 patients with tennis elbow were selected simple conveniently and were tested with no brace and 3 size of counterforce (1, 2 and 3 inches). The R.O.M , strength and pain intensity were measured by jamar goniometry and Nicholas MMT dynamometry & VAS, respectively.Results: 1) With all sizes there was a significant decrease of R.O.M on normal subjects but no significant difference in patients. 2) There was a significant decrease of grip strength with 1-inch brace in normal subjects but a significant increase of grip strength with 2 and 3-inch brace in patiens. 3) All sizes of brace caused significant decrease of extension strength in normal subjects but increase in patients. 4)All size caused significant decrease of pain intensity that was more considerable in the case of 2 and 3 inch size.Conclusion: The results shows that the counterforce brace may be considered as an effective treatment for increasing strength and decreasing pain in patients with tennis elbow.

Objective: Routine electrodiagnosis (EMG-NCS) has some shortcomings in the evaluation of peripheral nervous system, auch as autonomous nervous system evaluation, in pure sensory radiculopathies and acute hyperesthetic stages of neuropathies.Quantitative sensory testings such as current perception threshold (CPT) with electrical stimulations are suggested for above mentioned pathologies. Ttest results should be compared with a normal value of similar identical population. This study is conducted to determine normal value and reproducibility of CPT in the Iranian population. Materials & Methods: Fifty normal volunteers (32 men, 18 woman) in the range of 20-40 years without exclusion criteria (such as neuro- musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes mellitus and alcoholism) were recruited with simple randomized selection and CPT test was conducted on C8 (4th finger) and L5 (1st Toe) dermatomes. To determine test’s reproducibility, 6 persons (4 men, 2 women) were examined 3 times a day, 2 day per week.Collected data were analyzed to determine mean and standard deviation.Results: Normal values of CPT test was defined as one standard deviation from mean of our CPT data. These values are in C8 dermatome; 2000 Hz: 2.04±47; 250 Hz: 0.75±0.25; 5 Hz: 0.76±0.3 and for L5 dermatome; 2000 Hz: 2.83±0.73; 250 Hz: 1.24±45; 5 Hz: 0.76±0.3   To determine our results reproducibility and reliability, Alpha- cronbach (existed in SPSS software) was used and %98.5 & 99% were obtained for C8 & L5 dermatomes respectively.Conclusion: Our findings are about C8 & L5 dermatomes which could be used as a normal Values for such dermatomes. Regarding to its good correlation with international results we can use international references as a normal Valueswith consideration of each clinic’s reproducibility should be assessed individually.

Objective: In patients with lateral epicondylitis present of pain and decrease of grip strength are essential problems. Use of splint have major rule in treatment these patients that causes relief of pain and increase of grip strength. Both taping technique and counterforce brace are two methods of treatments of lateral epicondylitis patients but we were not sure which method could be more useful and Answer of this question is magor aim of this study.Materials & Methods: This study is a Quasi experimental. We selected 30 patients between 30-55 years conveniently and divided them in two groups simple randomized.Results: In grip strength test, the average difference between two methods was t=1/92 which showed there is not significant. So, there isn't any difference between two methods on grip strength. In assessment of pain, we tested patients in two positions: first patient's hand was in comfort position, second in which when wrist of hand was in extension position. In both of position, that average difference between two methods (first; t=3/78 and secondary; t=3/2) found to be significant. Choose of method in such treatment is considered to be important. Conclusion: taping technique is more effective than counterforce brace to relief of pain of patients with lateral epicondylitis, but in grip strength no difference between two methods.

Objective: Multiple Sclerosis is one of the most prevalent central nervous system demyelinization diseuse. Fatigue is a symptom of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). But indeed for the patients sometimes is so much more destroying than that. It is expected. Fatigue underlies and influences many of the other symptoms experienced by people with MS.To determine whether MS-Related fatigue, could be reduced after applying Energy Saving Techniques.Materials & Methods: This is a Quasi-experimental with Before-After Study design which was carried out in order to determine the effects of applying Energy Saving Techniques in the patients on MS-related Fatigue. These areas included Exercise, Rest & relaxation, Planning and Organization of daily activities, and body temperature control. Thirty nine convenient MS Patients were included and investigated over three months. Data collection tools included: demographic questionnaire, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and self report checklists. Results: Data analysis shows decline in fatigue level after applying Energy Saving Techniques. The mean level of fatique before applying techniques was 5/36 and after that decrease to 4/58.Conclusion: According to these finding, applying Energy Saving Techniques reduces the fatigue of patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: Congenital hearing loss occurs in 1 out of 1000 births and about 50% of all cases are estimated to be of genetic origin. About 70% of hereditary hearing loss is non-syndromic with autosomal recessive inheritance accounting for 80% of the genetic load. To assess the importance of other loci in the Iranian population, we screened 50 consanguineous families with ARNSHL for DFNB21, which was linked to ARNSHL in Middle East countries.Materials and Methods: 50 consanguineous families with at least three affected children, previously excluded by mutational analysis from GJB2 and GJB6 genes, were included in this study. We used three polymorphic markers including D11S1998, D11S4464, and D11S1299 in this study.Results: Two families were linked to DFNB21 and two novel mutations have been detected so far. In two families a 266 Del T mutation and a large 9611bp deletion that starts from intron 9 and includes exon 10 in TECTA gene were detected.Conclusion: This study showed that mutations in DFNB21 locus are the most common cause of ARNSHL in Iranian population. It seems that DFNB21 may play an important role in genetic load of ARNSHL in Iran. This will be confirmed by screening more families for this locus in Iranian deaf population.

Lithium preprations have been used in bipolar mood disorders since 19th Centary.Lethal toxic effect of lithium due to it's narrow (therapeutic) index had been known from Several years ago and is the most problem when is prescribed.Serum level of lithium is accepted for monitoring of toxicity, but frequency of blood testing especially in stabilizing period is stressful for patients, also it is difficult in such psychiatric patients especially in children.Many reaserchers worked to find a less aggressive method one of this methods is monitoring based on salivary lithium concentration, which is contraversy according to this review articles. All papers from 1949 till now revewed in this article and revealed this controversy.According to review article; tree ways being suggested to solve this problem 1- Stimation of salivary – serum ratio of lithium based on tree seprated paired tests 2- Improve methods and techniques of testing. 3- Modifing of this ratio based on natural markers.

Sjogren – Larsson Syndrome) SLS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized Ichthyosis, mental retardation, spastic diplegia or tetraplegia and epilepsy. This is a rare syndrome that caused by mutation in the ALDH3A2 gene, on chromosome 17p11.2. That encodes fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAIDH), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of medium – long chain aldehydes derived from lipid metabolism. Neuroimaging (MRI) shows retardation of myelination and a mild myelin deficit. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) shows the peak of lipids that accumulate because of fatty alchohols.We report two cases that they are siblings from relative parents.  The Brother is 4 years old and his sister is 3 years old. , The clinical findings are developmental delay, mental retardation, spastic Tetraplegia and refractory seizure. The most important finding in these two siblings was generalized Icthyosis. MRI showed hyper signality in white matter and MRS showed the peak of accumulated lipids that confirmed the diagnosis of "Sjogren – Larsson Syndrome".