JOURNAL OF MARINE BIOLOGY
Year:2020 | Volume:11 | Issue:44|Papers Count:8

Skin aging is a biological process that is due to the reduction of collagen production and increase of multiple enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMPS), which degrade collagen. Chlorella vulgaris is a marine microalga and its beneficial effects on the skin make it a proper ingredient to be used in anti-aging products. In this study, the effect of C. vulgaris extract comparing to vitamin C on types І and І І І collagen production in the human cell line Hu02 was investigated at the Iranian Biological Resource Center in September 2018. Chlorella was extracted using ultrasonication plus enzymatic hydrolysis, and Chlorella extract at different concentration was investigated for its effect on gene expression of collagen І and І І І in Hu02 cells. First, it was investigated whether alga extract induced cytotoxicity in Hu02 cells. MTT assay showed that extract was non-toxic to Hu02 cells. Using quantitative PCR, it was confirmed that extract increased the gene expression of types І and І І І collagen, comparing to the control group. Chlorella extract and vitamin C with a similar viability (97%) was used to investigate the effect of extract on gene expression of types І and І І І collagen, compared to vitamin C. Extract and vitamin C increased gene expression of type І collagen 3. 14-fold and 1. 42-fold, respectively. Alga extract had more effect on gene expression of type І collagen, compared to the vitamin C and vitamin C had more effect on gene expression of type І І І collagen, compared to the alga extract and increased its expression 2. 12-fold, whereas this amount for the extract was 1. 14 fold. These findings indicated that C. vulgaris extract and vitamin C induces collagen synthesis in Hu02 cells and could be proper alternative ingredients to the harmful chemicals used to make skin collagen.

In this study, the growth parameters of Common Kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris) in the Caspian Sea were studied in one season and, three stations of Babolsar, Bandar Amirabad and Bandar Anzali. A total number of samples, 300 fish were randomly caught by conical nets in the study areas and analyzed. Overall, the average total length of the three stations 11. 65 ± 1. 17 cm and 9. 64 ± 2. 58 g total weight. The average total length at Babolsar, Bandar Amirabad, and Bandar Anzali stations were 11. 64 ± 0. 99, 12. 48 ± 0. 97 and 10. 81 ± 0. 91cm, respectively. The average weight at Babolsar, Bandar Amirabad, and Bandar Anzali stations was 10. 07 ± 2. 41, 11. 11 ± 2. 20 and 7. 73 ± 1. 84, respectively. The logarithmic relationship between length and weight of Babolsar, Bandar Amirabad, and Bandar Anzali stations, respectively, W= 2. 2642 TL-3. 2663, W=2. 31 TL-3. 4378 and W=2. 3331 TL-3. 5275. The amount of b in the Babolsar, Bandar Amirabad and Bandar Anzali zone, were 2. 26, 2. 31 and 2. 33, respectively. the growth pattern of fish in three stations is negative allometric(b<3). Factor conditions of common Kilka fish at Babolsar, Bandar Amirabad and Bandar Anzali stations were 3. 88, 3. 25 and 2. 98, respectively. It showed that Common Kilkai fish were better in weight in the Behshahr station. The results showed that the living status was more suitable for common Kilka fish at Bandar Amirabad station than Babolsar and Bandar Anzali stations in the sampled season.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth and potential of crude oil biodegradation by Fischerella and Nostoc. In this study (2015), the growth rate of cyanobacterial species such as Fischerella sp. ISC107 and Nostoc sp. ISC101 were determined using chlorophyll-a content measurement at 663nm under different treatments of crude oil (control, 0. 1, 0. 2, 0. 4, 0. 8 and 1. 6%). The crude oil concentration was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) after 21 days, and also the biodegradation rate was determined. Results showed that by increasing the concentration of crude oil, the amount of chlorophyll-a was significantly decreased. So, the growth rate (based on chlorophyll-a) of these cyanobacteria were almost nearly equal or lower than the control sample in the presence of crude oil. The maximum and minimum percentages of crude oil biodegradation, in the treatments of 0. 1 and 1. 6% were 88. 27% and 44. 72% (Fischerella) and 91% and 47. 46% (Nostoc), respectively after 21 days. The rate of biodegradation in all treatments was significantly (P<0. 05) higher than control. According to results of this study, Fischerella ISC107 and Nostoc ISC 101 were shown great potential for crude oil biodegradation and can be used as valuable strains for biodegrading, elimination or the reduction of oil pollution in contaminated areas.

Marine actinobacteria are the prolific sources of marine natural products. The aims of the present study were to propose a process for selective isolation of actinobacteria from the two species of sea cucumbers Holothuria scabra and Holothuria leucospilota and also to find isolates that produce antioxidant and cytotoxic metabolites. We collected 2 sea cucumbers species from the Larak Island, Persian Gulf using scuba diving. The selective isolation process was performed by 3 culture media and 7 physical and chemical treatments. Antioxidant activity of extracted metabolites were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging activity. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of the extracted metabolites was carry out using brine-shrimp microwell cytotoxicity assay. Out of 53 actinobacterial isolates, 58. 49% was isolated from sea cucumber H. leucospilota. Starch casein nitrate agar medium and heat treatment isolated 22 and 21 actinobacterial isolates of and exhibited maximum efficiency in selective isolation of actinobacteria. Approximately, 37. 03 % of the extracted metabolites scavenged DPPH radicals at IC50 ranges from 136. 1 to 641. 5 µ g/ml. While, 33. 33 % of the extracted metabolites showed cytotoxic activity against artemia cells at LC50 range from 118. 12 to 653. 15 µ g/ml. These results represented a selective isolation process for sea cucumber associated-actinobacteria and also could provide an evidence that confirms the active association of the actinobacteria with the two species of the Persian Gulf sea cucumber species. The isolated strains could be a potential source for finding pharmaceutical natural products.

In this study which was carried out in September 2017, the effects of different diets on essential fatty acid composition of cyclopoid copepod Acanthocyclops trajani were studied. For this purpose, firstly, the copepods were mass cultured in 120 liter tanks by feeding on different diets (3 treatments, 3 replicate in each one) including fresh composition of microalgae: Scenedesmus obliqqus and Spirulina maxima, dried compound of mentioned microalgae (1: 1) and dried composition of vegetables (spinage, parsley and coriander). The results indicated that the type and amount of essential fatty acids in copepod body were be influenced by food diet type, significantly (P<0/05). The Docosahexaenoic acid, DHA (C22: 6n-3), was (%3/75± 1/08) significantly higher than other treats in copepods fed on dried microalgae. Also, the analysed copepods indicated the higher levels of Eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA (C20: 5n-3), and DHA in relation to corresponding diets, which confirms, with due attention to low content of Highly unsaturated fatty acids, HUFA, in diets, A. trajani is probably potential to bioconversion or accumulation of essential fatty acids. On the basis of this study, also with due attention to higher level of DHA/EPA in copepoda feeding by dried microalgae, there is the potential of the usage of them during shortage or descending time of fresh microalgae.

In this study molecular identification of four species of Gastropoda have been studied based on mitochondrial genes, COI and 16S rRNA in the present work for the first time in the northern rocky coastal zones of Persian Gulf during years 2013 and 2014. Planaxis sulcatus، Cerithidea cingulata، Siphonaria savignyi and Onchidium peronii Identified. After morphological identification, DNA extraction, amplifying partial of cytochrome oxidase COI and 16S rRNA and sequencing procedure were done in the laboratory. In this study 6 COI and 3 16S rRNA sequencing belonging to these species were measured and reported for the first time. Also, phylogeny analyses with drawing phylogeny trees of Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony were done using MEGA6 and PAUP softwares. The result showed that molecular and morphological studies have the same results for this species. Also sequences from both COI and 16S rRNA did not show difference in identification and topology of phylogeny trees.

This study aimed to determine the origin of hydrocarbons in surface sediment of the Persian Gulf coasts in Bushehr province using n-alkane biomarkers in 2018. For this purpose, 8 main stations and 3 points from each main station were selected for sampling. The samples were collected from surface sediments (0-5 cm) at 24 selected points of coastal zone of Bushehr province. Experiments in this study were performed on each sample with 3 replications. The results showed that the highest clay content was found in Bahregan port sediment sample (62%) and the lowest in Naiband sediment sample (28%), the highest silt content in Mond sediment sample (34%) and the lowest in Genaveh port sediment sample (23%) and the highest amount of sand in the sediment sample of Asalouyeh port (45%) and the lowest in the sediment sample of Bahregan port (13%). Total organic matter (TOM) content was also determined in sediment samples 18. 8 (AP-3)-264. 4 (GP-2) mg/g dry weight (mean=47. 7± 52). The results of measurement of n-alkanes by gas chromatography (GC-MS) showed that the highest n-alkanes belonged to Genaveh-2 (GP-2) with 220626 μ g/g dry weight and the lowest to Asalouyeh-3 (AP-3) with 404 μ g/g dry weight. One-way ANOVA showed that the amount of total organic matter and n-alkane compounds in sediments of different stations was significantly different (P≤ 0. 05). The amount of n-alkanes in the studied sediments showed that they are highly contaminated according to the international criteria. To determine the source of n-alkanes from CPI indices (0. 1-2) and biomarkers such as Pr/Ph (0. 1-2), Pr/n-C17 (0. 4-3. 6), Ph/n-C18 (0. 2-3. 7), LMW/HMW (0. 1-1. 5) and U/R (10. 3-75. 1) were used. The results showed that the hydrocarbons in the surface sediments of the study area are of petrogenic origin, which may be due to oil leakage from crude oil pipelines, leakage from petroleum exploitation platforms, oil tanker traffic and other factors.

This study aimed to investigate the biodiversity and abundance of diatoms in coastal waters of Sari and Babolsar on 2015, in two linear transects and 8 stations from estuary to 20 m depth. Sampling the water and measuring some environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, acidity and dissolved oxygen, followed by evaluation of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) qualitatively and quantitatively. Margalef, Pielo and Shannon-wiener indices were used to assess richness, evenness and diversity of diatoms, respectively. There was no correlation between environmental parameters and diversity and abundance of diatoms, but only salinity; also, the mean of diatom diversity indices in both season was higher in Babolrood estuary (1. 20 and 0. 79). Also, the mean diversity indics of diatoms was higher in winter (0. 62) than in summer (0. 41). In this study, 17 genera of diatoms were identified and counted; and according the results, Cyclotella sp. was the most abundant diatom in both seasons, and Surrirella sp. was found only in estuaries. Ecological indices' assay showed that, this area is suffering of a kind of ecological disturbance, which indicated that the risk of ecological disturbance in the study area, is more serious than previous research.