Internal Medicine Today
Year:2019 | Volume:25 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

Aims: Although the use of yeasts as starters is common in the food industry, it can lead to product corruption and poor quality of food in some cases. Current study was assessed the anti-yeast impacts of three phenolic compounds; linalool, menthol and eugenol against 7 yeast species contaminating food products (Candida albicans, Candida kefir, Candida famata, Rhodotorula glutnis, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Debaryomyces hansenii, Saccharomyces cerevisiea). Materials & Methods: The anti-yeast impacts of three mentioned compounds and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were investigated using disk diffusion method and micro-dilution method, respectively. Findings: The findings showed that all three compounds had anti-yeast effects on the tested isolates. Eugenol had the anti-yeast properties at the lower concentration (50μ g/ ml) in comparison with the other two compounds. Furthermore, the MIC of linalool, menthol and eugenol were Rhodotorula glutnis (58. 3μ g/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiea (58. 3μ g/ml) and Candida albicans (50μ g/ml), respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, it could be stated that the natural phenolic compounds; menthol, linalool and eugenol, have toxic and anti-yeast effects and are able to prevent the growth of tested yeast contaminating foods at the lower concentrations.

Aims: Hypertension is a polygenic disease that is associated with the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Isosorbide and Garlic supplementation on protein levels and gene expression of PLA2 at the heart tissue in female rats with hypertension after a period of aerobic training. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 40 female Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 8 groups: healthy control, sham, blood pressure induction (Hyper), garlic, endurance training, endurance training-garlic, isosorbide and endurance training-isosorbide. The rats suffered from hypertension after dietary period and 10 mg/kg body weight L_NAME injection, 6 days a week for 8 weeks. Experimental groups received 40 mg/kg body weight of isosorbide and 50 mg/kg body weight garlic supplement for six weeks. The endurance training program was performed at speed of 20-30 m/min for 20 to 35 minutes, 5 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Protein levels and expression of PLA2 heart tissue were measured using ELISA kit and Real Time PCR. Results: The results showed that the level of PLA2 Protein at the heart tissue in Isosorbide (P=0. 043) and Isosorbide-training (P=0. 035) groups was significantly lower than the blood pressure induction group. Also, the gene expression level of PLA2 at the heart tissue in the garlic, training, garlic-training, Isosorbide and Isosorbide-training significantly decreased that of the hypertension group (P=0. 0001). Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it seems aerobic training, garlic and isosorbide and their combined intervention can help to improve the factors involved in hypertension.

Aims: Diabetes is considered as a chronic and complex disease that, if not addressed, will turn into a serious problem for countries. On the other hand, life expectancy as a multidimensional, dynamic and powerful healing factor plays an important role in adapting to the disease. The present study aimed at predicting life expectancy among the diabetic patients based on self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived social support. Materials & Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all type 2 diabetes patients referred to the diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ardabil in 2016. 118 patients were selected by convenience sampling method. For data collection, the self-efficacy scale (GSES), selfesteem scale (CSES), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and life expectancy scale (SHS) were used. Data analysis was made using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression and using SPSS version 16 software. Findings: According to the results, a significant relationship was observed between self-efficacy (r=0. 58, p<0. 05) and self-esteem (r=0. 63, p<0. 05) with life expectancy in diabetic patients. Also, a significant relationship was observed between social support perceived by the family (r=0. 54, p<0. 05), friends (r=0. 48, p<0. 05 and others (r=0. 45, p<0. 05) with life expectancy in diabetic patients. The results of multiple regression indicated that self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived social support predict a total of 0. 59 in life expectancy among the diabetic patients (p<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived social support are effective in improving the life expectancy in patients type 2 diabetes patients.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of combined exercises with supplementation of cinnamon on glucose, insulin and fat mass in women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: 40 women with mean age of 24. 15 ± 2. 64 and BMI of 27. 95 ± 1. 28 were randomly assigned into 4 groups (exercise, exercise-supplement, supplement, control). Exercise-supplementation and exercise group performed 6 weeks and 3 sessions each week with intensity 50 to 75% of maximal heart rate for 50 to 85 minutes of training. The pre-and post-period levels of insulin, fasting glucose and fat mass were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by means of covariance test and correlated t-test at a significance level of P≤ 0. 05. Findings: Insulin and glucose levels of post-test of the supplementation group significantly decreased (P<0. 05) compared to the pre-test and post-test of the other three groups. Cinnamon intake with exercise was not effective on fat mass (P≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: The results indicated that insulin and glucose levels were improved after cinnamon training. Reducing insulin and blood glucose levels by improving androgen and insulin resistance can help improve the menstrual cycle.

Aims: Infidelity is one of the important problems in marital life which is widely seen in disturbed families and families in which partners feel that they have to get divorced. This phenomenon mainly happens for the purpose of satisfying emotional or sexual needs of the person through extramarital relationships. The present research was conducted by the aim of determining the effect of group forgiveness-based intervention on marital intimacy of women affected by infidelity of their spouse. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental research was conducted by pretestposttest with control group design. The research population included all the women who visited Aram psychological and counseling center in Gorgan city in 2016 because of infidelity of spouse. Among the applicants of participation in the sessions, 30 women (15 subjects per group) were selected by purposeful sampling method, and they were assigned into experiment and control groups through random assignment method. Thompson and Walker’ s Marital Intimacy Scale (1983) was used for gathering the data in pretest and posttest stages. Group forgiveness-based intervention was delivered to the experiment group in nine 90-minute sessions. The control group was put on the waiting list. The data analysis was conducted by univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA) in SPSS v20. Findings: Findings indicated that, after the posttest, there was a significant difference in mean scores of marital intimacy between the experiment and control groups. In other words, group forgiveness-based intervention led to improvement in marital intimacy among the subjects of the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0. 01, F=9. 75). Conclusion: Group forgiveness-based intervention creates the ground for improvement in marital intimacy in the marital relationship through reducing negative emotions, increasing positive emotions, and also creating change in the attitude and behavior of the spouse affected by infidelity towards the infidel spouse.

Aims: Ischemic heart disease is the most prevalent cause of mortality in current populations. In recent years, many researchers have focused on plants to discover new natural therapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiarrhythmic effect of the ethanolic extract of pomegranate mesocarp on rat isolated heart following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Materials & Methods: The hearts from Wistar rats were removed under deep anesthesia and were studied using Langendorff apparatus. The control and the test animals, in groups of 10, were gavaged with distilled water or the ethanol extract of pomegranate juice (200 mg/kg), respectively, daily for 3 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the isolated hearts of the animals were studied. After 30 min stabilization, all hearts experienced 30 min global ischemia followed by 90 min reperfusion. Cardiac arrhythmias including single, salvo, ventricular tachycardia (VT), and ventricular fibrillation (VF) were characterized according to the guidelines of Lambeth Convention. Findings: The ethanolic extract of pomegranate mesocarp caused a remarkable significant reduction in all kinds of arrhythmias including single, salvo, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. Conclusion: The results of this research suggest promising protective effects for the ethanolic extract of pomegranate mesocarp against ischemia and reperfusion induced arrhythmias in isolated rat heart.

Aims: The Sleep quality is the psychological sensation that affects the quality of life and feeling healthy and also leads to symptoms of mental and physical illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on the improvement of sleep quality in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Materials & Methods: : In a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, 30 women with generalized anxiety disorder diagnosis were selected using random sampling and were randomly devided into two experimental groups (n = 15) and control (N = 15). The intervention which consisted of 8 sessions of 90 minutes of MBCT, which was provided only to the experimental group. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software and by covariance analysis. Findings: The results of this study showed that mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) had a significant effect on reducing the quality of sleep (F=37. 55, P<0. 05) in the experimental group. Conclusion: : Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can improve dimensionality subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration and sleep disturbances women with GAD patients.

Aims: Shivering is an oscillating and involuntary activity of the muscles which increases the metabolic hyperthermia and is considered as a complication in neuraxial anesthesia. Shivering also increases the cardiopulmonary activity and oxygen consumption of the tissue. In this research project, different doses of magnesium sulfate in prevention of postoperative shivering in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind randomized study, 99 patients with ASA classes 1 or 2 aged between 20-80 years old who were under spinal anesthesia were selected. The patients were divided into 3 groups of 33 each with simple sampling method. During the operation and upon completion of surgery, the patients were controlled regarding the observable shivering for one hour by the researcher. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. To ensure of the normal distribution of the data, the normality test of Kolmogorov Smirnov was used. The p-value was considered significant at < 0. 05 level. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between groups A and B regarding the frequency and intensity of occurrence of shivering (p = 0. 374). Also, no significant difference was observed between group A and group C considering the frequency and intensity of occurrence of shivering (p = 0. 631). Further, the frequency and intensity of occurrence of shivering between group B and group C was not significantly different (P=0. 676). Conclusion: The results indicated that a low dose of magnesium sulfate 20% (30mg/ kg) is effective in the prevention of postoperative shivering in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia to the same degree that higher doses are.

Aims: The most common manifestations of chronic diseases are depression, anxiety and stress. Various complications such as physical, economic, social and psychological problems can result in psychopathological complications in dialysis patients. This study was conducted to determine depression, anxiety and stress in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Materials & Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was done in the hemodialysis section of Bohlool Hospital of Gonabad in 2017 using a census sampling on 46 hemodialysis patients who had the criteria for entering the study. The data gathering tools were a demographic questionnaire and a questionnaire of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21). Finally collected data was analyzed by SPSS software Version 16 And 95% confidence interval with descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The findings of this study showed that depression was 63. 5%, anxiety 65. 20%, stress 67. 4% in patients undergoing hemodialysis. There was no significant difference between depression, anxiety and stress with gender. (p=0. 189, p=0. 448, p=0. 763) Conclusion: According to the findings and because of high rates of depression, anxiety and stress, it is felt that there is a need to improve the quality of life of these patients.

Aims: Over the past years, professional quality of life scale has gained popularity among nurses. The aim of this study was to provide a Persian version of the professional quality of life scale (ProQOL) and its psychometric properties among nurses. Materials & Methods: In a study of methodological type, following the use of the back-translation method, the Persian Version of Professional Quality of Life Scale was administrated on 215 nurses from Tehran city. The internal consistency of the scale was assessed through Cronbach’ s alpha and split-half methods. In addition, the correlation between the sub-scales and the factor structure of the questionnaire was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. The SPSS-25 and LISREL 8. 80 Software also were utilized to analyze the data. Findings: The domain of the sub-scales for Cronbach’ s alpha coefficients and splithalf methods ranged from 0. 77 to 0. 86, and from 0. 70 to 0. 81, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis using RMSEA (0. 09), SRMR (0. 09), CFI (0. 91), NFI (0. 86), and NNFI (0. 90) also indicated that the confirmatory factor analysis relatively has an acceptable fitness. Conclusion: : In sum, it can be noted that ProQOL has good psychometric properties and is a reliable and valid instrument in research and therapeutic situations.