JOURNAL OF SCIENCE (KHARAZMI UNIVERSITY)
Year:2009 | Volume:9 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Many investigations have been carried out to produce ectomycorrhizas on the growth and nutrent absorption of plants. However, no investigations has been carried out on the effect of ectomycorrhizas on nutrient contents of pistachio Badamy, when mycorrhzal (M) and Non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants exposed to different amounts of Mg. To study the resistance role of ectomycorrhizal Pistachio plants exposed to excess Mg, mycorrhizal (M) and Non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants of pistachio var Badami were grown at axenic condition and were treated with different levels of Mg (MgSo4) prepared as a Hogland nutrient solution with 1.2 concentration. The colonization rates of the plants with Agaricus bisporus and mineral nutrient contents in roots and shoots were measured and statistically compared. The results showed the increasing of mycorrhizal colonization as Mg increased in the medium. Mycorrhizal plants had higher Mg, Ca, P, k, Fe, Na, Mn, Zn, Cu contents at high levels of Mg treatment. At low amounts of Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Cu contents of NM plants were higher than M plants.

In this study, tree and shrub species that planted in the streets, parks and other landscaping of Hamedan were studied and counted. Results indicated the presence of 20 Families, 32genera and 37 species in the studied area. From 26 tree species that was planted, 12 species were non-indigenous and others were native. Eleven shrub species were determined out of which nine were non-native and only two species were recognized as native species. From 37 species that were observed in different parts of the city, nine were native or non-native and could grow without direct effects of the man. From those, some are introduced as Neophyte species that are indicated following as bolded:Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Robinia pseudoacacia L., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Fraxinus rotundifolia Miller, Juglans regia L., Morus alba L., Ulmus minor Miller, Populus nigra L. var. pyramidalis.The presence and dispersal of indigenous and neophyte shrub species indicates that these species have potential to select some biotypes inside the city, without direct control of man for their survival (specially in segetal environments). The presence of naturalized species indicates the fact that if proper environment are selecteded for them, they are able to survive under extensive control and cost-effective conditions. In this case, it is possible to prepare appropriate and naturalized environment for the groups of animal and plants.

Nickel is one of the essential elements (micronutrients) for plant growth. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of nickel, (0, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 and 1280m M) and some environmental factors such as pH and Ca2+ concentration on the growth of seedlings of four wheat cultivars (Sardari, Zarrin, Alamout and C-73-20) were investigated. Moreover, the impact of high concentration of Ni on root sugar secretion has been assessed using sulphuric-phenol method .The results indicated that Alamout was more resistant than the other cultivars regarding to nickel stress. On the other hand, root and shoot tissues showed different growth responses to Ni and radical growth was more sensitive than shoot growth. Decreased pH increased the impact effect of nickel on shoot and root growth. Our study showed that increasing Ca2+concentration decreases Ni toxicity. Finally, Ni inhibited the leakage of soluble sugars from root tissue.

The effect of various CuCl2 concentrations at rosette stage on protein level, catalase and peroxidase activities of leaf and root of two canola cultivars were studied under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted as factorial in completely randomized design with 4 replications and 4 treatments (0, 100, 300, and 500mM CuCl2). In general, protein concentration and catalaze and peroxidase activities were increased with increasing CuCl2 concentration. This enhance was more in PF cultivar than Hayola, and was more in root than leaf. Thus, it seems that PF cultivar has more ability in protein biosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes activation in compare with Hyola in stress conditions. Therefore, PF can be introduced as a cultivar with more tolerance to cupper stress, in compare with Hayola cultivar.

The Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid presented in apple peels have a potential antioxidant acivity. Antiprolifertive acivity of the triterpenoids against human liver cancer cells, breast cancer cells and colon cancer ells is evaluated. In this study, we have used Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid which are predominant isolated triterpenoids of the apple peels.. The purpose of this study is to determine antimutation and anticarcinogen effect of Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid against Sodium Azide mutagen substance by the use of Microsome and Ames test.These substances were white powder and soluble in Acetone and bought from sigma company. The bacterium used in this test is a strain of Salmonella thyphimurium (TA100) that carries a selective mutation in its Histidine Operon. We also added Microsome to improve anticancer activity of this two triterpenoids. In this study, inhibition percentage from mutation was 83% for ursolic acid and 76.4 % for oleanolic acid in presence of Microsome ( and 77.6% for Ursolic Acid and 69.8% for Oleanolic Acid in absence of Microsome). Therefore, presence of anti mutation Ursolic Acid and oleanolic acid along with mutagen substance reduced quantity of back mutation and Inhibition over 40% recommended as a powerful antimutation substance. Therefore, apple peel has large amount of active Phytochemicals, with Antimutation and Anticarcinogen activity and Ursolic Acid has more antimutation activity than Oleanolic acid.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of ultraviolet light (UVC) on the third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. To address such effects, double heterozygote larvae for two linked genes sepia and ebony (se e/++) were exposed to UV light at the wavelength of 254 nm in different exposure times (5-35 seconds). Our study showed that the UVC exposure induced a series of significant morphological abnormities in adult flies which had received radiation in their larval life-time. Short exposure times of UVC caused abnormalities in adult flies such as abdominal cuticular damages and abnormal legs and wings, but had no significant effect on the rate of gene recombination. Therefore, it seems the time of exposure which was used in this research affected some imaginal discs and histoblasts on the larvae.

Effect of salinity was studied on the growth, survival and blood biochemical variables of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (weighing 50.29±4.61 g at water temperature 15±2oC. Fourthy fish in three replicate were gradually acclimatized to salinities zero (control), 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppt for 10 days. The experiment was then run for 50 days using a commercial trout feed. The obtained results showed that with increasing in the salinity the growth factors of rainbow trout including (weight gain, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency) decreased (P<0.05). At salinity above 20 ppt significant mortality occurred compared to control group (P<0.05). Also with increasing in salinity, the blood biochemistry including osmolality, chlorine, sugar, cortisol, tri-iodo thyronin(T3), and thyroxine [Tetra-iodo-thyronin (T4)] increased (P<0.05). Based on the results obtained it possible to grow the rainbow trout juvenile of about 50 g at the salinity up to 20 ppt, although the growth rate of the fish is less than that in the fresh water.