THE ISLAMIC JOURNAL OF WOMEN AND THE FAMILY
Year:2018 | Volume:6 | Issue:10|Papers Count:6

The present study seeks the Islamic teachings in order to explore the Islamic view on one of the most important aspects of the couples' relationships, imaginations, and examines the causative role of negative imaginations in the couples' relationships by identifying the related issues. In addition, it analyzes, with the help of descriptive-analytical method, the problems of couples regarding imaginations from the Islamic and psychological views. Then, this study determines the objectives of therapy, presents a nine-step therapy solution for the problems, and analyses the therapy techniques. The results of study showed that the negative imaginations have a significant effect on creating the problematic relationships between the couples. Therefore, one of the aspects of the couples' relationships emphasized by Islam and the psychological texts is the negative imaginations. The therapy techniques explored by the Islamic and psychological texts in this study are as follows: visual encounter, positive imagining, the highest level of imagination, guided mental imaginations, creative visualization, praying with God, positive imaginations of actions, reaching the certain thinking, imagining the inner aspect of actions and the consequences of actions, guiding the inner speech.

Being happy is one the necessities in the mankind's life; thus, it has a special importance in the marital life. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of spirituality education on the Isfahan married women's marital happiness with an emphasis on the Islamic teachings and it used a quasi-experimental method and pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up. The population was all the married women in the city of Isfahan, in 2016-2017. 30 women selected among them by the purposive sampling and they were placed into the test and control groups by the simple random sampling. The participants completed the questionnaire of marital happiness in the pretest, posttest, and 45-day follow-up stages. The data were analyzed with ANOVA with repeated measure. The results demonstrated that the spirituality education with an emphasis on the Islamic teachings has a positive effect on the marital happiness of test group in comparison with the control group in the posttest and follow-up stages. Therefore, the spirituality education with an emphasis on the Islamic teachings can increase the level of the married women's marital happiness.

The feminist epistemology is the result of examining the element of gender in the process of knowledge. The dominant teachings in structuralism, post-structuralism, and post-modernism inspire the feminists to put in order the principles of feminist epistemology. This article answers the question of what effect the gender has on the knowledge from the viewpoint of feminist epistemology and then reviews and criticizes the theories of feminist epistemology with an emphasis on the epistemological foundations of Islamic philosophy. The negative/critical and positive approaches are two current approaches in the feminist epistemology. According to the negative approach, the feminists believe that there is a kind of masculine view and advantage in the current knowledge and they want to create a feminine knowledge. Based on the positive approach, the feminists explain the epistemological principles which are dominant in the feminine knowledge. This article, after describing these two approaches, explains in a descriptive manner the problems of feminist knowledge and the suffering of feminist epistemology in the quagmire of relativism. Then, it criticizes the relativism, which is the foundation of feminist epistemology, from the viewpoint of Islamic philosophy. The axioms and improvisation of their knowledge, the denial of the materiality of knowledge and the proof of its abstraction, all, break the foundation of relativism. As a result, the influence of the agent in the process of knowledge, not as a creator of knowledge, but as a different window towards the truth, which complements other epistemic horizons, expresses the role of gender in the knowledge. According to this analysis, although the gender can open the new horizons towards the knowledge, these horizons are not contradictory. This result disproves the claim and ideology of feminist epistemology that the knowledge is masculine and a feminine knowledge should be created.

Choosing a spouse is one of the most important selections of a person, but the illogical beliefs about the spouse selection can challenge the marriage process of girls and boys; thus, this correlational study was conducted with the purpose of comparing and predicting the illogical beliefs about the spouse selection based on the mental will-being, personality organization, and attachment styles among the students in a comparative manner. The population was all the single students of Payam Nour University in the city of Talesh in the academic year 2016-2017 and 300 students were selected by the simple random sampling. The revised adult attachment scale, the attitudes towards spouse selection scale, the Kernberg's inventory of personality organization, and the mental well-being scale are used for collecting the data. The data were analyzed by the multivariable analyze of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. The findings showed that there is not a meaningful difference between girls and boys in terms of the illogical beliefs about the spouse selection, mental well-being, attachment styles, primitive psychological defenses, and identity confusion, except reality testing. In addition, according to the findings, the variables of mental well-being, secure attachment, reality testing, and identity confusion can explain 18. 6% of the variance of illogical beliefs about the spouse selection. This study suggests that the training of and intervention in mental well-being, personality organization, and attachment styles of girls and boys are an effective way to decrease their illogical beliefs about the spouse selection and facilitate their marriage.

In the last few decades, the spread of the issue of having an only child has indicated some changes in the childbirth of families as far as this phenomenon has been proposed as one of the effective factors of reduction of fertility rate. The psychological studies on having an only child include various topics and contradictory results. This research aimed to investigate the internal psychological studies on having an only child done during the last ten years (2005-2015) with a systematic review method so that the shortcomings of studies and research gaps were revealed. In order to find the research documents (research papers, academic dissertations, and presented papers in conferences), the databases of SID, Irandoc, and Civilica were searched by the keywords of "an only child", "a child with siblings", "having an only child", and "sister/brother". After three stages (identification, screening, and selection), with the help of two referees who examined the inclusive and exclusive criteria, lastly, 9 studies were selected for being reviewed. The findings showed that the children with sister/brother(s) are superior in terms of the theory of mind and some positive personality traits. According to the findings, the shortcomings of studies surveyed are as follows: hypothesis construction, sample heterogeneity, the reduction of sample size, and the inadequate control of nuisance variables. In addition, illogical hypothesis construction, the lack of native models, the lack of longitudinal studies, and the negligence of the scope of study are the research gaps in the internal studies.

There is no alternative for the role of women in maintaining and improving the physical, mental, and social health of children in the family and society and they always influence the process of social development by having the hard responsibility of growing the next generation efficiently. The present research aimed to investigate sociologically the role of women's traits in the social harms of children with the descriptive-survey method and the data were collected by an author-made questionnaire. The population was all mothers and their children in the city of Shiraz and 376 of them were selected as the sample by the multistage sampling which is one of the random sampling methods. According to the t-test and path coefficient, the context dimension and the crisis in family do not have a significant relationship with the social harms of children and the women's traits do not have a significant relationship with the suicide and sexual problems of children. The women's emotional energy, lifestyle, education, control, creativity and innovation have a significant relationship with some social harms of children at the 99% confidence level. These harms are as follows: robbery by children, children's aggression, drug abuse by children, and running away from home by children.