STUDIES THE STATE
Year:2020 | Volume:5 | Issue:20|Papers Count:7

As a concept that has spread from economics to other fields, Regulation refers to sovereign interventions aimed at the realization of the public interest. The present article focuses on the clarification of the concept of regulation in reforming the policy approach to the status of public libraries. The key question of the research is, from a policy-making perspective, in the conceptual bipolar framework of regulation and tenure, what is the relationship between the public libraries institution and the Tehran municipal libraries (which is a larger set of entities)? In this regard, the research has investigated the structural interaction of Tehran Public Libraries and Municipalities with the theoretical framework of institutionalism and qualitative content analysis method. At present, the public libraries institution is a policy maker, an administrator, and a supervisor of public libraries. In such circumstances, such affairs as obtaining a license and the duty of the municipality to pay half of its revenue to public library associations, which of course refuses to pay, has become a serious challenge between the two institutions. This study argues that even if the institution's wishes are met, a larger problem persists, and that the institution's tenure may not give a good prospect of achieving its goals. What the libraries institutions is pursuing is having hundreds of libraries with thousands of executive officer that would then be left out of their policymaking and supervisory duties. The policy-making proposal of the paper is to harmonize the integrated network of national libraries, to define the role and position of policymakers at different levels, and to distinguish the role of policymaking from implementation for public libraries. In this way, the movement of public libraries towards regulation in the role of policymaker and supervisor can serve the intended purpose. In this case, the municipality will play the role of the executor of the institution policies within the framework of the integrated urban services system.

Value, credibility, dignity, soft power, advantage, profit, power and. . . are attached to the name of the country with the positive image. The value of the perceptual image of the nation and the country is like the invisible golden. One of the important facts about that is the competition between citizens and ordinary people in the world, for access to the name and passport of a credible country. Nowadays, South Korea's name along with an industrial product or cultural production gives the valuable power to that production. Accordingly, the main question of the present research is that what is the most important factor in the success of the Korea's nation branding and Korea's positive image around the world? This paper tries to explain and conceptualization of the nation branding field and then examines the construction and policy of nation branding spread of Korea by Korean wave. This paper emphasizes that the most important factor in the success of Korea's global image and management of its reputation is the strategic institutionalization.

In recent decades, studies of the role of government in economy have had a shift from the concentration on the size of government and its tasks to the quality of government intervention. This change of attitude to state in economy has given rise to a new vision of good governance. Good governance requires a broad approach to the transparent involvement of a wide range of groups including the government, civil society and private sector. In this respect, the quality of governance reflects the ability of governments to formulate and implement effective policies to improve business environment, economic development, and entrepreneurship expansion; therefore, the main purpose of this article is to find the answer to this important question: What is the impact of the quality of governance on entrepreneurship in selected countries? The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and referential, in terms of research method, nature and the method of dealing with the problem. In this study, reference is made to the statistical data of the World Bank and the World Entrepreneurship Observer. Multivariate regression and panel data and Excel and Eviews soft wares have been used to model the factors affecting entrepreneurship. The results of fixed effects model estimation over the period 2000-2016 showed that governance quality has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurship in the selected countries. The effect of governance quality on entrepreneurship in the group of innovation-based selected countries with high income is higher than the group of efficiency-based ones with medium income. Creating effective institutions, governments can provide an environment suitable for regulating the economic relations of individuals in a low-cost manner. In this way, entrepreneurship can be reinforced and developed.

In this article, after the Constitution, Iranian intellectuals on the basis of which institution or field should be considered for the cause of modernization, civilization, development, or other related concepts are divided into two groups. The first group considers the state the cause for development and the second group that seeks the agent outside the domain of state. The question is which of the two theories have been more successful in their claims according to their historical results. The claim and hypothesis of this study is that the theories of the second group, in the search for ways of direct development of the state, eventually hinder reform, engage in direct conflict with the state, and lead the process of society's transformation to a revolution or a repressive state. To justify this claim, this article will look at the history of Iranian intellectual development theories after the Constitution. The research method in this paper is "Inference based on the best explanation ", abbreviated as IBE. It seems that in the first two constitutional and Pahlavi periods, statism and in the second Pahlavi and Islamic Republic era anti-statism were dominant. During the Second Pahlavi era and the Islamic Republic, two types of ideas were produced that were common to anti-statism and the main criticisms included: Theories of return to self and backwardness degeneration. Both are equally guilty of delaying the creation of a proper relationship between the state and the nation in the light of upholding up-to-date citizen rights and maintaining the sovereignty of the state.

There has been valuable research on the socio-political structure of the Sassanid era. Most have described Sassanid society as an example of feudal or authoritarian Eastern societies. But the historical evidence is not entirely consistent with these two theories. It seems that the existence of a powerful aristocracy alongside a strong government seeking to concentrate more power makes this society a prominent example of Eisen's bureaucratic empires. In this case, some concepts related to public law can be argued that they cannot be formed in the two former types. Examples include early national identities and, consequently, the independence of the state's legal personality from the real ruler, which has significant effects on political traditions such as succession traditions and power relations between the king, the nobility, the people and the bureaucracy. It seems that in the Sasanian political-legal structure, it is impossible to deal with power and political-legal structures such as that of ruler. At the same time, the dual nature of the bureaucratic empires as both traditional and modern system and a dynamic point of view (as opposed to a static one) can well justify the inconsistencies in the Sasanian government and the inconsistent historical evidence.

The intensity and quality of the effectiveness of the ideological power is one of the components of soft power that is emphasized by every political system. The success of the political system in spreading its ideology in different layers of the society has a significant impact on the continuity and stability of that political system. The Second Pahlavi, who began the monarchy from the weakest political and social position, sought to manage the threatening political and social crises of his rule by expanding Iranian ideology and gaining ideological legitimacy during his reign through various cultural institutions. The present article attempts to ask how the ideological institutions have led to the continuation of the Second Pahlavi government using qualitative analysis? In this regard, by examining the internal structure and conditions of Iran at that time, it is emphasized that the Second Pahlavi political system sought to provide for the necessary conditions and facilities of strengthening the basis for the ideology of power and then the continuation of its rule by institutionalization policy and rely on its regulated power. This research hypothesis has been tested in the institutionalism of rational choice.

Opinion on the concept of state has a deep root in the history of western political thought. Although there have been brief and marginal studies in this area in ancient Greece, we notice more attention to the concept of state and its coordinates since the Renaissance. Germany, during eighteenth century, is one of the most important arenas on this concept. As one of its thinkers and contemporary of Hegel, Schopenhauer has also paid attention to the issue of state during his discussions. The problem of the present study is the nature of state in Schopenhauer's political thought. The hypothesis of the present paper is that Schopenhauer's theory of state as opposed to Hegelian thought, rejects the totalitarian and the Hegelian ideal state on one hand, and, based on the rule of the concept of evil and how he views metaphysics in its philosophical apparatus on the other hand, takes on a minimalist and protective nature.