Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Year:2001 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:11

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease that involves multiple organs. Several documented studies indicated that prevalence of gallstone in diabetics is higher-than nondiabetics. Thus, rate of acute cholecystitis and cholecystectomy should be higher in these patients. Some studies have shown that the risk of postoperative complications is higher in the diabetics. This cross-sectional stutfy has been done from 1374 to 1377 in two university hospitals (Bahonar and Kerman-Darman) of Kerman. The study is conducted on 227 sequential patients with cholecystitis that were candidates for cholecystectomy within 72 hours of diagnosis. After preliminary therapy and Para clinic study, including fasting blood sugar (FBS) measurement, upper midline laparotomy was performed-following induction of general balanced anesthesia. Stage of the disease was registered during the operation. The subjects were followed up to 30 days for detection of postoperative complications. There were 34 (15%) diabetics (5 type-1 and 28 type-2 diabetics) with age of 62.6±11.9 years, and 193 (85%) nondiabetic patients aged 54.4±15.8 years old. Therefore the age of diabetics were higher than that of nondiabetics (P=0.0008). FBS of diabetic and nondiabetic groups were 189.12±53.64 mg/dl and 91.44±15.15 mg/dl respectively (P=0.0001). As for as progression of the disease, 25(23.5%) of diabetics and 90 (74%) of non diabetics had a higher stages of cholecystitis (P<0.05). Postoperative complications were encountered in 15 (38.4%) cases - of diabetic. And 21 (10.5%) cases of nondiabetic groups (P<0.001, OR=5.33, X2=19.86). It seems that increased prevalence of postoperative complications in diabetic patients is due to more advanced stages of their, disease at the time of diagnosis. However systemic changes due to aging in diabetic patients should also be considered.

The incidence of survival analysis and hazard rates in 55 patients with the pemphigus have been determined for a period of 12 years from 1989-2000. The effect of pemphigus type, sex, age and the method of treatment were evaluated separately. For this the equation ht (x)=ho (t) exp {Σβixi} was chosen in which ha is the baseline hazard in zero time, ht is hazard happened later (in timet), β is regression coefficient and X can be age, sex, pemphigus type and method of treatment. Results of this study revealed that the upper age groups had relatively smaller surrival chance than those of lower age groups, and women less than men. The first 8 years after pemphigus diagnosis, patients with vulgaris and vogtan type as compared with foliaceae and etythmatous had also less survival chance, so was combined therapy compared with single therapy (cortico steriodes). Other parameters like job type and place of living had no apparent effect.

In regard to the role of Aluminum in the emergence of psychological disorders in patients with chronic kidney diseases, this research project studied the acute, and chronic effects of aluminum on memory and learning abilities of rat. In order to determine the short and lengthen effects of aluminum on different stages of memory and learning abilitis, after grouping the rats Aluminum chloride with concentrations of 1mg, 5mg, 10mg and 20mg was used per kg of body weight. The aluminum was given by intraperitoneal injection during g phases of 30 days, 60 days and 90 days and following this a shuttle box was used to evaluate its effects on memory and learning abilities. The results indicated that plasma level of aluminum was significantly increased, however Aluminum at 90.mg/kg had no significant effect on the rat's ability of learning. However doses of 1, 5, 10 mg/kg clearly had a significant inhibitory effect on memory and learning abilities. This inhibitory effect had a-direct correlation with-the duration and dose of the aluminum injection. The highest inhibitory effect on memory and learning abilities was achieved at 15mg/kg dose at 30 and 45 days, which was 34.5 and 52.3%-respectively (P<0.05) Injection of 2mg/kg of arecholine caused an increase of 25% in-learning abilitis and was statistically significant in comparison to the control group (P<0.05). It can be concluded from this study that aluminum have an inhibitory effect on metabolism of nerve cells, and induces alterations on memory level and rat's learning ability, these changes completely depended on the concentration and duration of exposure to aluminum.

The aim of this study was to campare the effects of breast-feeding and formula-feeding on the characteristics of stool in infants, 1 to 3 months of age. In this investigation, 651 infants 338 girls (51.9%) and 313 boys (48.1%) with a mean age of 2.18±0.84 months were studied. This population included of infants presenting to four different Health and Medical centers in Kerman for routine vaccination. They were exculusively fed with either breast milk or Nan, Nini, My boy. There was significant difference between the breast-fed and formula-fed infants (P<0.05). Infants fed Nan formula had more defecation per day than infants fed Nini formula, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The frequency of colic attacks per day was significantly higher in infants fed Nini formula than those fed Biomil formula or breast milk (P<0.05). The number of defecations or colic attacks per day was not statistically correlated with the sex of infants. There were more loose stools among breast-fed infants, and the frequency of firm stools was significantly higher in infants fed Nini formula than infants fed with other formulas or breast milk (P<0.05). The color of stool was similar in all studied groups. We concluded that minute differences in the composition of different formulas can cause various gastrointestinal symptoms, which may alleviate with replacing that formula with another one.

Tuberculosis is still known as the most fatal disease of man caused by a single microbe. According to the report of world Health Organization, contamination of about half of the population of the world by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nine million cases of tuberculosis annually as well as appearance of the resistant forms of tuberculosis has made it one of the health difficulties in the world. Treatment is the most important factor to prevent its spread; and the most important reason for inefficiency of the treatment is the irregulartaking of medicines or in other words noncompliance on the part of the patient. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge and attitude of the patients who are infected with pulmonary tuberculosis and reffered to the ant tuberculosis centers in zahedan toward pulmonary tuberculosis and compliance with the prescribed treatment regimen. The sample size at the time of data collection included all the patients (113 people). A questionnaire and a researcher observation checklist was used for data collection. The checklist included four parts containing questions about demographic characteristics, disease, medical treatment; knowledge; attitude; and compliance. The results showed that the patients scored 47% of knowledge and 77% of attitude marks. In the case of other aspects of compliance with treatment regimen like proper taking of the medicine, consistency to treatment, sanitary repelling of the sputum they scored 34.5%, 27.5% and 20.3% of the marks respectively. Also educated, urban, Iranian nationality and trained patients scored meaningfully better marks in knowledge and attitude questions. Furthermore the urban and trained patients had a meaningfully better compliance with the treatment regimen; and higher knowledge resultedin better attitude and compliance.

In spite of wide spread investigations performed, the biological effects of ultrasound waves, specially on DNA molecule has not been fully understood. Since any alteration in DNA molecule can lead to chromosome abnormality, the study of clastogenic effects of ultrasound is important. In this study, the effect of 1MHz frequency continuous waves with the power of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 Watts on G0-human lymphocytes was investigated. Lymphocytes were separated from heparinized peripheral blood by using lymphocyte separation medium and then were exposed to ultrasound waves. Exposed samples were cultured in RPMI-1640 treated with phytohaemaglutin in (PHA) and then binuclei cells were harvested using cytochalasin B. For each sample 1000 binculei were examined for the presence of micronuclei. Results obtained from control, sham control and samples exposed to various ultrasound waves with different powers from 0.5 to 1.5 W showed that there is no statistical difference between the frequency of micronuclei observed for sham, control and samples exposed to 0.5 W.However cells exposed to 1 and 1.5 W Ultrasound waves showed significantly higher micronuclei frequency compared to control and sham groups (P<0.05). In the present study, because of short exposure duration, temperature rise and hence thermal effect on cells was negligible. Therefore, mechanical process of ultrasound waves including chemical effects which lead to free radical formation (probably due to cavitations in exposure field) and mechanical vibration of large molecules which are fragile structures may play a role in, chromosomal aberration and micronuclei formation.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most prevalent endemic diseases in Isfahan which is also hyperendemic in other parts of Iran. Different treatments have been suggested for cutaneous leishmaniasis, however no definite treatment has been found. The most common treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis is glucantim and pentostam, however these drugs have significant side effects and can only be used intravenously. Allopurinol is one of the oral medicines suggested for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The goal of this study is to determine the healing effect of Allopurinol with low doses of glucantim, on the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and its comparison with the standard glucantim treatment regimen. In this open controlled study a total of 72 patients infected with cataneous leishmaniasis were divided randomly into two groups. The first group consists of 36 subjects which were treated for 20 days with intravenous glucantim (60 mg/kg) and the second group (36 subjects) were treated simultaneously with glucontim (30 mg/kg) and Allopurinol tablets. The results were evaluated at the end of treatment period, one month and 3 months following the treatment. In the first group 74.2% and in the second group 80.6% of the patients responded well to the treatment with no recurrence of the disease. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (P=0.408). Significant side effects were not observed in either of the groups. Therefore based on these results, it can be concluded that with simultaneous treatment of Allopurinol and glucantim, one may reduce the number of injections and the side effects of the drugs.

Linguatula serrate, an ectoparasite, belonging to the arthropods order, has diverse forms of adult, nymph and larva. It causes pentastomiasis and respiratory tract disorder in reptiles or carnivores and herbivorous mammals and rarely human. Human might be involved in case of consuming raw or semi cooked liver of animals. The infestation may lead to acute pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting, nasal discharge, a human infestation is usually the result of consumption of raw or semi cooked animal liver carrying lings. Human infestation usually occurs through nostrils, throat and sinuses. The clinical manifestations are pharyngitis, nausea, vomiting, pharyngial irritation severe cough and rinitis (morrara syndrome). The choice of treatment is surgeryand removal of parasite and using antihistamines. This is a case reporl of a 30-year old woman from Hassan-Abad, Knshan, presented with the typical symptoms of the disease after eating raw sheep liver. Diagnosis was made after removal of the nymph parasite from the tensile margin. Linguatula serrata was confirmed to be the cause after morphologic study in the laboratory.