COMMONITY HEALTH
Year:2021 | Volume:8 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

Background and Objective: Promoting academic well-being and academic retention or competence could lead to individual academic advancement. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between developmental capital and academic achievement and academic well-being and behavioral inhibition with the mediating role of academic retention in students volunteering to enter university. Materials and Methods: The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all male and female students volunteering to enter the university in District One of Rasht in 2019 in the number of 1560 people. The sample size was 500 people. Sampling was done by random cluster sampling. Data collection tools include seven scales: Transformational Capital Questionnaire, Academic Retention Scale, Education Expectancy Scale, Academic Welfare Scale, and the Behavioral Inhibition Scale. Structural equation modeling using SPSS software version 22 and AMOS software version 22 has been used to analyze the research data. Results: The mean (SD) age of male students was 17. 4 (6. 4), and female students was 17. 8 (6. 5). With the increase of transformational capital with a mean (SD) of 3. 5 (0. 4), educational expectation with a mean (SD) of 3. 5 (0. 4), academic retention with a mean (SD) of 3. 6 (0. 6), academic well-being increases with a mean (SD) of 3. 5 (0. 4) and behavioral inhibition increases with a mean (SD) of 3. 6 (0. 5). Academic retention, behavioral inhibition, and academic well-being also increase with increasing education expectations. Academic retention plays a mediating role in the relationship between transformational capital and academic achievement with academic well-being and behavioral inhibition (P<0. 01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that with the increase of transformational capital, educational expectation, academic retention, academic well-being, and behavioral inhibition increase. Academic retention had a mediating role in the relationship between transformational capital and educational expectation with academic well-being and behavioral inhibition. With the direct effect of transformational capital and academic expectation on academic sustainability, academic welfare, and behavioral inhibition increased.

Background and Objective: One of the causes of conflict in organizations is the existence of individual and personality differences. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between personality dimensions and conflict resolution styles with social support mediation among the staff of Iran Football Federation. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using structural equation modeling. Participants included 136 staff of Football Federation who was selected by random sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires of personality dimensions, conflict resolution styles and social support. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling by Amos Graphics version 20 and SPSS software version 23. Results: Among participants, 92 (67. 7%) were men and 44 (32. 3%) women. The mean (SD) personality dimensions were 3. 6 (0. 4), social support 2. 6 (0. 7) and 3. 5 (0. 5) conflict resolution styles. The results showed that the effect of personality dimensions had a direct effect on conflict resolution styles with a factor of 0. 34 and an indirect effect on social support with factor of-0. 37. In addition, the effect of social support on conflict resolution styles was direct with a factor of 0. 17. In personality dimensions, the highest effect was associated with adjustment with factor of 0. 80. In social support, the highest effect was related to emotional aspects with factor of 0. 94 and in conflict resolution styles the highest effect was related to dominance with factor of 0. 78. Conclusion: The study showed that personality dimensions had a direct effect on conflict resolution styles. There was a significant indirect relationship between personality dimensions and social support. In addition, there was no significant relationship between social support and conflict resolution styles and social support had no mediating role on personality dimensions and conflict resolution styles.

Background and Objective: Inefficient communication patterns and personality traits can cause repetitive conflicts among couples. The purpose of this study was to compare the patterns of family communication and personality traits among couples applying for divorce with a control group. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive-comparative study. The statistical population consisted of all divorce applicants who were referred to the family courts of Tehran in 2018 and a control group. The research sample consisted of 200 divorce applicants and a control group who were selected via convenience sampling method. The data were collected using a relationship patterns questionnaire, personality characteristics questionnaire, and analyzed by one way ANOVA and SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean (SD) age was 5. 7 (8. 2) in the control group and 36. 7 (9. 1) among divorce applicant. The mean (SD) constructive mutual score in the control group was 37. 4 (5. 5) which was higher than the divorce applicants 35. 8 (4. 4), P<0. 001. The mean (SD) avoidance score in the control group was 27. 2 (3. 7) which was lower than the divorce applicants 32. 4 (6. 8), P<0. 001. The mean (SD) expectation/withdrawal score in the control group was 24. 4 (4. 6) which was lower than the divorce applicants 31. 5 (5. 9), P<0. 001. Among the divorce applicants, the components of personality traits included psychosis 35. 1 (5. 9), extraversion 37. 7 (8. 1), openness to experience 38. 8 (7. 9) which were higher than psychosis 30. 4 (6. 5), extraversion 31. 2 (5. 6), and openness to experience 32. 1 (6. 4) in the control group, P<0. 001. In addition, the components of consensus were 39. 1 (9. 2) and conscientiousness 41. 3 (9. 1) in the control group which was higher than consensus 32. 3 (7. 1) and conscientiousness 34. 4 (7. 6) among divorce applicants, P<0. 001. Conclusion: The study showed that divorce applicants have a higher expectation/withdrawal from mutual avoidance, but have less interactive relationship. Individuals seeking divorce had higher scores of psychosis, outspokenness, and openness to experience and had lower consensus and conscientiousness.

Background and Objective: Children with behavioral disorders may be exposed to various harmful effects on their health and well-being in the long run. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of therapeutic painting on behavioral problems among 10-12 years old children. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the study included 950 elementary school students in the city of Gonbad-e-Kavus in the academic year 2017-18 which were 950 children. In a multi-stage random sampling, 60 students were selected and categorized into two experimental and control groups. Martin's Art Therapy intervention was conducted for the experimental group, but no intervention was performed in the control group and the Rutter's Behavioral Questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis via SPSS software version 20. Results: The mean (SD) age was 10. 4 (1. 6) years old in the experimental group and the mean 10. 6 (1. 7) in the control group. The mean (SD) score of behavioral problems in the experimental group was 10. 5 (7. 9) in the pretest, which decreased to 5. 7 (4. 4) in the post-test (P<0. 01). However, the mean (SD) score of behavioral problems was 10. 6 (6. 3) in the pretest and varied to 10. 5 (6. 8) in the post-test, which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study showed that therapeutic painting led to reduction of students' behavioral problems.

Background and Objective: In despite of the advancements and achievements regarding the control of the diseases, Leishmaniosis is still known as one of the basic health concerns. The objective of this study was to determine the effective factors in the follow-up delay among registered cases infected with Cutaneous Leishmaniosis from 2009 to 2014 in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: Participants of this analytic descriptive study included 2410 people infected with Cutaneous Leishmaniosis from cities covered by Zahedan and Iran-Shahr Medical Universities from 2009 to 2014. Census sampling method was conducted and data were collected through the two-part questionnaire which included demographic variables and disease information. SPSS software version 20 was used for statistical analysis in order to determine the most important effective factors in patients’ follow-up delay by implementing logistic regression. Results: The mean (SD) patients’ age was 19. 3 (16. 4) years, the size of the wounds were identified as 2. 7 (1. 5) centimeter, and patients follow-up delay was 59. 7 (52. 5) days. As many as 1502 of patients (62. 6%) were male, and 2014 (83. 6%) were female. 730 patients (30. 3%) were kids. Pakis compared with Iranians 70% (P<0. 01), nomads compared with urban citizens 83% (P=0. 02), and patients with the history of simultaneous infection of other family members compared with the opposite group 39% (P=0. 02) had the less possibility of follow-up delay. Patients who were referred from the private centers had 126% higher possibility of follow-up delay than those referred by the state health centers (P=0. 02). Patients with the dry wound compared with those with wet wound had higher rate of follow-up (P< 0. 01). Conclusion: The study showed that the delay in follow-up among patients infected by the Cutaneous Leishmaniosis in cities of Sistan and Baluchestan province was relatively high. The effective factors in decreasing the follow-up delays of the patients and treatment seeker included being Paki, nomads’ life place, referral from the state health centers, wet wound, and history of the simultaneous infection of the family members.

Background and Objective: Inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) may increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. To prevent these risks, determining optimal weight gain is a priority in prenatal care. The objective of this study was to determine the GWG of women referring to health centers for their prenatal care visits in Tehran in 2016. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran. The study population included all pregnant women receiving prenatal care visits from April 2016 to March 2017 in 12 health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti and Iran Universities of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was census and a total of 232 people were surveyed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using statistics of frequency, mean and standard deviation. To investigate the relationship between variables, correlation method was used by using Pearson's correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: The mean (SD) of age of women was 28. 6 (5. 4) with a range of 18 to 40 years. According to the pre-pregnancy body mass index, among 220 pregnant women, 6 (2. 7%) were underweight, 112 (50. 9%) were normal, 78 (35. 4%) were overweight, and 24 (11%) people were obese. The mean (SD) of GWG was 11. 7 (4. 3) kilograms and among 177 pregnant women, 76 (42. 9%) had GWG within, 55 (31. 1%) had GWG below and 46 (26) had GWG above guidelines. Conclusion: The prevalence of GWG above guidelines was higher in overweight and obese women than underweight and normal women in this study. Therefore, achieving the appropriate weight before pregnancy and close monitoring of weight gain during pregnancy is recommended.

Background and Objectives: Basic life skills include intellectual, emotional and behavioral skills and the choice theory and assertive discipline theory are among the methods for training skills, especially for students. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of choice theory and assertive discipline theory on the level of intellectual, emotional and behavioral skills among secondary school students. Materials and Methods: The research method was a three-group experimental design with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population consisted of high school male high school students in Tehran in the academic year of 2018-2019. They were selected from the eleventh grade by convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into three groups of 30. Data collection tool was a life skills researcher-made questionnaire. After pre-test was performed on three groups, the choice theory and assertive discipline theory were implemented for the experimental group during eight 90-minute weekly sessions. At the end of the last session, the post-test was performed but the control group did not receive any intervention. Multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Scheffe's post hoc test were used to analyze the data by SPSS software version 21. Results: The mean (SD) score of students' intellectual skills increased by 3. 3 (0. 3) in pre-test to 4. 1 (0. 3) in post-test (P<0. 001), emotional skills increased from 3. 1 (0. 4) in pre-test to 4. 1 (0. 2) in post-test (P<0. 001) and behavioral skills increased from 3. 1 (0. 6) in pre-test to 4. 1 (0. 3) in the post-test (P<0. 001) increased in the training group by the choice theory. There were no significant differences between the mean (SD) score of intellectual skills, emotional skills and behavioral skills among students in the assertive discipline and control group. Conclusion: The study showed that choice theory had a significant effect on the intellectual, emotional, and behavioral skills of secondary school students but assertive discipline theory wasn’ t effective on students' basic life skills.

Background and Objective: Marital conflicts are expected in a couple's life, and what matters is how they resolve conflicts. This education Package of transdiagnostic treatment has been created by considering several psychological factors in reducing marital conflicts and improving marital and communication relationships among couples. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the education package of meta-diagnostic treatment based on the McMaster model, focused on compassion, awareness on emotional divorce and marital boredom among women with marital conflict in West Tehran in 2019. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental applied study with pre-test, post-test, a control group, and quarterly follow-up. The statistical population of this study included all women with marital conflict who were referred to four selected counseling centers in the west of Tehran in the spring of 2019 who answered the questionnaire of marital conflict of Zana and Barati. 100 women who obtained the highest scores of marital conflict were selected, among whom 24 women were selected via convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to an experiment and a control group, each including 24 participants. Participants filled out the Guttman Emotional Divorce Scale and the Pineas Marital Boredom Scale in the pre-test. The experimental group underwent a 12-session training package, and then the control and experimental groups were retested after the intervention. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance via SPSS software version 24. Results: The mean (SD) age of the experimental group was 35. 3 (7. 6), the control group 33. 1 (4. 3) years. The mean (SD) of the emotional divorce score of the experimental group decreased from 16. 6 (1. 3) in the pre-test to 14. 2 (1. 0) in the post-test and 14. 5 (1. 0) in the follow-up (P<0. 001). The mean (SD) of the emotional divorce score of the control group was not significant. The mean (SD) of the marital boredom score of the experimental group decreased from 85. 6 (8. 8) in the pre-test to 67. 5 (3. 6) in the post-test and 67. 9 (4. 0) in the follow-up (P<0. 01). The Changes in the marital boredom score of the control group was not significant Conclusion: The education package of meta-diagnostic treatment is effective in reducing emotional divorce and marital boredom in women with marital conflict.

Background and Objective: Chronic pain is among the most common causes of referring to primary medical care centers. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms in patients with chronic pain. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and a control group. Participants included 60 patients with chronic pain who were referred to medical centers in Tehran in 2019, who were selected in a two steps sampling method. First, a questionnaire was circulated among patients with chronic pain at medical centers who were selected via convenience sampling method. Then, 60 participants were randomly selected from patients who received the highest scores, then randomly assigned to intervention (30 patients) and control (30 patients) groups. Data were collected using the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy in eight sessions of 90 minutes once a week for two months, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Both groups responded to the research questionnaires in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up. Data analysis was performed using repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants in the experimental group was 43. 7 (8. 9) and in the control group 45. 2 (9. 2). In the experimental group, the mean (SD) depression score decreased from 32. 6 (4. 4) in the pre-test to 23. 2 (5. 1) in the post-test, and 22. 1 (5. 2) follow-up (P<0. 001) and the mean (SD) anxiety score decreased from 33. 6 (4. 9) in the pre-test to 22. 6 (4. 2) in the post-test and 22. 6 (5. 1) in follow-up (P<0. 001) and the mean (SD) of physical symptoms decreased from 41. 5 (3. 2) in the pre-test to 33. 7 (3. 1) in the post-test and 31. 8 (3. 3) follow-up stages (P<0. 001). In the control group, the scores in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up were not different. Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in reducing anxiety, depression and physical symptoms in patients with chronic pain.

Background and Objective: Cancer as a negative stress factor will have a severe impact on patients' mental and physical health. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between perceived stress, perceived social support, and resilience with emotional adjustment mediated by life satisfaction among breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, this study's statistical population was 420 patients with cancer patients referred to Tehran hospitals from October to December 2017. By purposeful sampling method, 200 people were selected as the sample through Cochran's formula. The instruments used in this study were the Perceived Stress Scale, Perceived Social Support, Resilience, Emotional Adjustment, and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. The evaluation of the proposed model was performed using the path analysis method. Correlation tests such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression test were used to test the relationships. Correlation tests such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to test the relationships using SPSS software version 23 and AMOS software version 23. Results: With increasing perceived stress with a mean (SD) of 24. 2 (8. 7), emotional adjustment with a mean (SD) decreased by 14. 9 (4. 8), P<0. 01. With increasing perceived social support with a mean (SD) of 61. 5 (17. 9), emotional adjustment increases, P<0. 01. With increasing resilience with a mean (SD) of 60. 3 (17. 3), emotional adjustment increases, P<0. 01. With increasing perceived stress, life satisfaction decreases with a mean (SD) of 20. 6 (6. 9), P<0. 01. With the increase of perceived social support, life satisfaction increases, P<0. 01. With increasing resilience, life satisfaction increases, P<0. 01. With increasing life satisfaction, emotional adjustment increases, P<0. 01. Life satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support, perceived stress, and resilience with life satisfaction, so that emotional adjustment increased with the direct effect of perceived social support (β =0. 23) and resilience (β =0. 14) and the inverse effect of perceived stress (β =-0. 28) on life satisfaction. Conclusion: The study showed that with increasing perceived social support and resilience, emotional adjustment increased. Also, emotional adjustment decreased with increasing perceived stress. Life satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support, perceived stress, and resilience with life satisfaction so that emotional adjustment increased with the direct effect of perceived social support and resilience and the inverse effect of perceived stress on life satisfaction.

Background and Objective: Vitiligo disease is one of the most common skin color disorders that can reduce the psychological well-being of individuals. The purpose of this study was to the comparison of the effectiveness of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) among the psychological well-being of individuals with vitiligo skin disease of Ahvaz. Materials and Methods: This study was experimental with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with vitiligo skin disease referred to dermatologists in dermatology and cosmetic clinics in Ahvaz in 2019. Using the purposeful sampling method, 45 persons were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group, each group including 15 participants. In order to collect data, Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire was used. The experimental groups underwent eight 90-minute sessions of schema therapy and ACT, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis via SPSS software version 22. Results: In the acceptance and commitment group, the mean (SD) psychological well-being score increased from 46. 8 (8) in the pre-test to 80. 8 (7. 9) in the post-test and 79. 2 (7. 7) in the follow-up stage, P<0. 001. In the schema therapy group, the mean (SD) psychological well-being score increased from 43. 6 (7. 5) in the pre-test to 77. 6 (8. 5) in the posttest and 76. 1 (7. 3) in the follow-up stage, P<0. 001. In the control group, the mean (SD) psychological well-being score increased from 44. 4 (7. 5) in the pre-test to 43. 3 (9. 2) in the post-test and 47 (6. 7) in the follow-up stage, which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ACT and schema therapy lead to an increase in people's psychological well-being with vitiligo skin disease, but there was no difference between the two treatments' effectiveness in well-being.

Background and Objective: Patients with renal failure are more prone to depression than others and have higher death anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing pain intensity and death anxiety among patients undergoing dialysis. Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental and in the form of a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all patients who were referred to dialysis ward of Al-Jalil hospital in Aqqala city in the first quarter of 2019, among whom 22 patients were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. First, a pre-test was held. The experimental group then received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for eight sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any training. Then the post-test was held. Data collection tools were pain intensity and death anxiety questionnaires. Data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis, and the above statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. 22 software. The significance level of the tests was 0. 05. Results: In the experimental group, the mean (SD) of death anxiety decreased from 10. 0 (1. 5) in the pre-test to 6. 3 (1. 1) in the post-test (P<0. 001). Also, in the experimental group, the mean (SD) pain intensity decreased from 31. 7 (7. 8) in the pre-test to 22. 9 (6. 5) in the post-test (P<0. 001). There was no significant difference between the mean (SD) of death anxiety scores and pain intensity in the control group in pre-test and post-test. Conclusion: The study showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduced pain intensity and death anxiety in dialysis patients.