VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2020 | Volume:14 | Issue:1 (53)|Papers Count:8

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) has long been considered in traditional medicine due to its botanical and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of fenugreek seed extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. A total of 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups. The normal control group was intact. The liver-injury control group received intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4 (1 ml/kg) twice a week for a total of 10 times. Normal experimental groups received fenugreek extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg intragastrically). Liver-injury experimental groups were administrated fenugreek extract (3 doses as above) along with CCl4. The rats were sacrificed on the 34 th day, blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture and the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT were measured. Administration of CCl4 significantly increased the levels of liver enzymes in the liver-injury control group in comparison to normal control (p<0. 001). Administration of fenugreek extract showed a significant tendency towards normalization of all measured biochemical parameters in CCl4-treated rats. These results demonstrate that fenugreek extract exerts protective effects against CCl4-induced damage in rat liver, and supports a potential therapeutic use of fenugreek as an alternative for patients with liver diseases.

Garlic is a medicinal herbwith antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic and antidiabetic properties which is extensively used in the treatment of diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess probable hematologic alterations and the activity of some erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes following garlic administration in dogs. In this study, ten male dogs were treated with garlic tablet with a dosage of 100 mg/kg, once daily for 45 days. Blood samples were collected three times on days zero, 45 and 60 of the experiment. Complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte morphology, reticulocyte count, Heinz body and erythrocyte osmotic fragility test were performed. The activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes including SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GPX (glutathione peroxidase) were also assessed. Garlic administration in dogs caused a significant reduction in erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration on day 60 compared to day zero (p<0. 05). In addition, a significant decrease was observed in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) on days 45 and 60 and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) on day 60 (p<0. 05). Osmotic fragility assessment of RBC’ s indicated that the percentage of hemolysis was significantly decreased in 0. 55%, 0. 50%, 0. 45% and 0. 40% salt concentrations (p<0. 05). Moreover, a significant increase was observed in the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, SOD and GPX on day 60 (p<0. 05). The present study showed that garlic tablet administration with the dosages used in the present study, did not induce considerable destructive effects on erythrocytes while improving antioxidant defense system and osmotic tolerance of red blood cells.

Pica is one of the disorders that have high potential for inducing various damages such as poisoning, digestive accumulation, botulism, weight loss and etc. in ruminant farms. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of Microvit supplementation and Ferrodrop oral drops on the primary parameters of hemogram and serum minerals in 20-day-old healthy and Pica affected lambs. This study was performed on ten 20-day-old mixed-breed lambs without Pica and ten 20-dayold mixed breed lambs with Pica. Both groups received 2 types of oral therapy including Microvit supplementation (7 days, 0/5 g / l of consuming water) and oral ferrodrop drops (4 days, 300 mg/day in consuming milk). Before starting the treatment and after each treatment, blood samples were taken from the lambs to determine complete blood cell count (CBC) and serum minerals. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software using repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test at 95% confidence level. In patients with Pica, blood Hb, MCV and MCHC and serum iron was significantly less than healthy lambs (p<0/05). Treatment with Microvit did not increase the blood Hb, MCV and MCHC and serum iron levels significantly and Pica was not treated in patients. Treatment with ferrodrop increased the blood Hb, MCV and MCHC and serum iron levels significantly and Pica was treated in patients (p<0/05). This study showed that the cause of Pica in suckling lambs was microcytichypochromic anemia due to iron deficiency and administration of 300 mg of ferrodrop oral drops for 4 days caused the treatment of the patients.

Chronic exposure to cadmium, a trace metal, leads to poisoning in humans and animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pomegranate skin extract and powder on tissue structure of the kidneys following experimental cadmium poisoning in Japanese quail. For this purpose, 510 seven day old Japanese quail chicks were divided into 10 groups. Groups 1 and 2 served as negative control and cadmium poisoning control (20 ppm) respectively, groups 3 and 4 received 0. 1% and 0. 2% pomegranate skin extract along with 20 ppm of cadmium respectively, groups 5 and 6 received 1% and 2% pomegranate skin powder along with 20 ppm of cadmium respectively, groups 7 and 8 received 0. 1% and 0. 2% pomegranate skin extract respectively and groups 9 and 10 received 1% and 2% pomegranate skin powder respectively. On day 42, all birds were slaughtered and kidney samples were removed from the abdominal area and transferred to formalin, then 5 micrometer sections were prepared and stained and a stereological study was performed using a point grid. The results showed no significant difference between the groups in the number of distal tubules and the area of the interstitial tissue. However, significant differences were observed in the number of proximal tubules between groups 9 and 2. Pathologic findings also revealed tissue damages in treatment groups which had received cadmium. Cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in groups which had received 0. 2% and 0. 1% pomegranate skin extract along with cadmium in comparison to cadmium control group. It can be concluded that the use of pomegranate skin extract and powder does somewhat improve recovery conditions in the kidney structure after administration of cadmium.

Infection with salmonella bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry that can cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. SThe aim of the current study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance in salmonella infected layer flocks of East Azarbaijan province and to determine the presence of spvR virulence gene in isolated samples. A total of 200 liver and ovary samples were taken from 45 salmonella suspected flocks and cultured in selective and differential growth medium of salmonella. Antibiogram test to determine antibiotic sensitivity was done following isolation of bacteria. PCR was used to determine the presence of spvR gene with specific primers. The results indicated all isolates were resistant to Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole, and the highest antibiotic resistance was against Doxycycline 94. 3%, Danofloxacin 92. 6% and Florfenicol 91. 7%. Also, the highest sensitivity was against Fosfomycin 94. 7%, and Enrofloxacin 74. 2%. Results of molecular tests indicated that the spvR gene was present in the majority of layer flocks of East Azarbaijan province (in 88. 46% of isolated salmonella). According to the results, it is necessary to prevent the spread of salmonella contamination amongst the laying hens in order to improve the poultry industry and the health of human communities.

Stress is a very important factor in causing disorders in the reproductive system. Considering the effects of Anthemis nobilis L. in traditional medicine as an effective treatment of certain diseases, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Anthemis nobilis L. on reproductive and behavioural parameters in male rats exposed to immobility stress. Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 220± 20 g were randomly divided into five groups including control without any stress and additive, control exposed to stress without additive (positive control) and treatment groups exposed to stress and receiving Anthemis nobilis L. extract in dosages of 50, 100 and 200mg/kg respectively. The extract was given to the rats with gavage and accompanied by immobility stress for 21 days. At the end of the study, anxiety was evaluated using elevated plus maze, also blood samples were collected for hormonal assay and the number of sperms were assessed. Obtained data were analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Hydro-alcoholic extract of Anthemis nobilis L. significantly increased the number of sperms, testosterone, LH and FSH levels in comparison to the stress group (p<0. 05). Also the findings of this research revealed that the extract led to significant increase in percentages of open arm entry and decrease in percentages of close arm entries in the elevated plus maze compared to the stress group (p<0. 05). The results indicated that hydro alcoholic extract of Anthemis nobilis L. has anxiolytic effects and increases the reproductive parameters probably due to antioxidant components of this plant.

Selenium plays a crucial role in the formation of selenoprotein and hormones. The stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme (SCD) is present in many tissues of the body and its activity leads to the formation of a single-stranded fatty acid from saturated fatty acids. The present study was carried out on fat tail weaning male lambs to evaluate the effect of oral selenium nanoparticles administration on tail fat transcription rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme. For this purpose, 14 male lambs were selected at weaning time and divided into three groups: treatment 1 (5 lambs), treatment 2 (5 lambs) and control (4 lambs). Selenium nanoparticles were administered for 20 consecutive days at a dose of 0. 05 and 0. 1 mg/kg to treatment groups 1 and 2, respectively and distilled water to the control ones. Tail fat tissue samples were collected at days 0, 20 and 30 via core biopsy needle. Transcription rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) enzyme gene was determined by RT-PCR method and data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA test at the level of p<0. 05. Due to obtained results the transcription rate of SCD gene in treatment group 2 was significantly higher than that in group 1 at day 20. According to the results, oral supplementation of selenium nanoparticles at dose of 0. 1 mg/kg for 20 days, increased the transcription rate of SCD gene and enhanced the quality of fatty acids of weaning lambs. These findings explain the beneficial effects of Se-NPs on unsaturated fatty acid formation for the first time.

The hepatoid glands or the perianal glands in canidae are transformed sebaceous glands found in the subcutaneous tissues around the anal region in male and female dogs. In Comparison with adenomas of the hepatoid glands, carcinomas of these glands occur with less frequency. In addition, tumors of these glands are occasionally observed ectopically on the outer surface of other organs such as tail, perineal area, prepuce, flank, thighs, back, lumbosacral area, midline of the abdomen, chin, head and neck. This report describes histopathological features of two cases of ectopic hepatoid gland carcinomas in two breeds of Terrier and German shepherd dogs. The first case was a Terrier dog, male, 18 years old with the tumor having a relatively hard consistency on palpation, without pain and ulcerative appearance along with hemorrhage which had grown on the flank region and the left hand ectopically. The second case was a German shepherd dog, male, 10 years old, which was referred to the clinic due to existence of a large and ulcerative mass with hard consistency in palpation on the back of the neck. The dog was febrile and anorexic because of ulcerative and infectious nature of the tumoral mass. In histopathological examination of the lesions in both cases, proliferation of hepatoid cells, mitotic figures, congestion, hemorrhage, necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils was observed.