IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CLINICAL SCIENCES
Year:2020 | Volume:14 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

Uterine beta defensin plays an important role in innate immunity of dairy cows’ in order to clear the infection and resolve the inflammation and helps for a normal uterine involution after calving. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different beta defensin genotypes on acute phase proteins and leukogram alterations pre and post-treatment in dairy cows with endometritis, in order to identify the best genotype. Fifty one Iranian dairy Holstein cows with clinical endometritis were chosen at cleaning test time (30-40 days after parturition). Cows were taken usual herd treatment and examined again two next weeks. Blood samples including whole blood (containing anticoagulant) and blood without anticoagulant (in order to separate serum) were taken from cows with clinical endometritis at both times (n=102). Hematological tests and genotyping with PCR-RFLP (on the basis of beta defensin gene) were done. Based on a SNP (C/T) at position 2239, three different genotype patterns CC, CT and TT were observed. Alterations of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations before and after treatment were significantly different between cows with and without Allele T (P=0. 04). Cows with Allele T significantly showed increased SAA concentrations compare to cows without Allele T. Other factors showed no significant differences between different genotypes.

Since the natural delivery mechanism is related to the immunologic process, it is possible that level of different inflammatory factors involved in immune responses (IL-6 as Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine) may change in the near-parturition time (before and after parturition). The aim of this study was evaluation of IL-6 level change in ewes, from one week before to one week after parturition. For this purpose, a total 5 pregnant ewes in the second term of their conception were selected. The animals were persevered and fed in the same condition. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein using a venoject and vacuum pipe (5-7cc each 24h, one week before parturition until one week after it). The blood samples were transferred to laboratory and the sera were separated and put in-70º C, for prevention of autolysis and destruction of immune chains. IL-6 was measured by using the specific kit and by ELISA test (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results showed that in the different days before and after parturition the level of IL-6 has slightly changed, however; the change was not significant at the different interval times (P=0. 7625). In total results showed that serum level of IL-6 in different times of parturition wasn’ t affected.

Hypoderma bovis (Diptera: Oestridae) is an important parasite in cattle that is pathogenic and cause serious economic losses and reduce livestock products, including milk, meat and hide quality. In this study, samples from slaughtered cattle were collected from three climate of Iran. Extraction of DNA and PCR test was performed on the samples, then the purified PCR product was sequenced. Sequence response was reviewed and corrected. Finally, the distribution of this species was investigated according to morphological characteristics in three climate zones of Iran. The CO1 gene of third stage larvae of H. bovis was investigated in the collected larvae. Data showed interspecies correlation. Based on morphological observations, from total of 416 third stage larvae obtained from slaughtered cattle in three regions, 268 (64. 4%) were H. bovis. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the present isolates, these isolates are located in a cluster with a number of Hypoderma species of studied in other countries, while some other species are isolated in the other cluster. The COl region seems to be very variable among the miyasis caused flies. The findings also suggest that CO1 gene can be used as an appropriate molecular marker for identification and diagnosis of Hypoderma species.

Spermatozoa recovered from the cauda epididymis of dead or slaughtered animals have many potential applications in the conservation of endangered species and breeds and also in the preserving the genetic potential of valuable males that un-intentionaly culed from herds. In these cases, the animal’ s testes are usually isolated from the carcase and sent to the centers capable of recovering and freezing epididymal spermatozoa. Considering the effect of post-mortem time length on the quality of recovered spermatozoa in different sheep breds and other species, this study was aimed to evaluate the influence of storing isolated epididymes of Lori-Bakhtiary rams for 24 and 48 h post-slaughter at 5 ˚ C on the motility and freezablity of spermatozoa recovered at these timepoints in comparison with these parameters on 2 h post-slaughter. Before freezing, the rates of total and progresive motility on 2 h post-slaughterwere significantly higher than those of 48 h (P<0. 05). Other kinemetic parameters, except for STR, were significantly different between groups (P<0. 05). After thawing, the progressive motility and velocity parameters of 2 h group were significantly higher than that of 48 h group (P<0. 05). In conclusion, the quality and freezability of ovine epididymal spermatozoa recovered from epididymes stored in refrigarator for 48 h had considerably decreased.

Brucellosis is one of the most important and common zoonotic diseases in the world. Control of brucellosis in animal leads to considerable reduction in human disease. An epidemiological survey of livestock brucellosis was carried out from 2010 to 2016 in Borujen County. The data related to screening and supplementary tests and livestock vaccination based on the year and type of livestock (cattle, sheep and goats) were obtained from the animal disease control department of Veterinary office of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Total of 21950 cases of cattle, 35000 sheep and 1300 goats were investigated for brucellosis during 2010-2016, which 161 (0. 73%), 2 (0. 0006 %) and 2 (0. 15 %) of the samples were infected. The highest rate of brucellosis contamination in livestock population of Borujen County was in 2013 with 55 cases of cattle. Over the 7 years, 14033 cases of cattle (93. 08%), 8362 cases of calves (75. 02%), 388659 cases of sheep and goats (87. 22%) and 306500 cases of lambs and kids (88. 4%) were vaccinated. The highest (96. 6%) and lowest (14. 5%) rate of vaccination against brucellosis was in cattle and calves in 2013, respectively. In general, the highest (17. 92) percent of vaccinations was for 2014 and the lowest (73. 5%) was for 2013. According to the results of the survey and the decreasing trend in the prevalence of brucellosis in the cattle, sheep and goat’ s population during the years 2010-2016, and the increasing trend of vaccination of livestock against brucellosis, the vaccination program could be more focused to controlling the disease.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of copper, sulfur, iron, molybdenum and zinc in soil and pastoral forages on copper and zinc serum levels of sheep in Masjedsolaiman, southwestern Iran. Four soil and forage samples and 60 blood samples were taken from sheep from 4 under regarded areas of Masjedsolaiman. The soil and forage samples were sent to the Zarazma mineral laboratory and the serum samples were sent to the institute of radiation at Atomic Energy Organization of Iran for measurement of elements. After alkaline digesting, the soil samples were read by ICP-OES device. After acidic digesting, the forage samples were read by ICP-MS apparatuses. Serum levels of copper and zinc were also measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Comparing the averages mentioned elements of soil with international standard and similar previous researches showed that the soil elements were in normal ranges. Comparing the mean values of forage elements with their critical levels and other studies showed that iron was higher than international standard and critical level, while the mean values for sulfur, copper, molybdenum and zinc were in normal ranges. The results revealed thatalthough copper forage content was in the lowest normal value (6. 2± 1. 5 mg/kg), because of normal sulfur and molybdenum amounts in soil and forage, there was not copper deficiency in zonal sheep. Comparing to normal values, due to high content of soil and pasture iron and decrease in zinc bioavailability, serum zinc concentration of sheep under this investigation was mostly in a borderline deficiency status.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important agents of mastitis in dairy cows. Mastitis poses many economic losses to animal husbandry particularly cattle industry. With regards to increasing rates of resistance of this bacterium to numerous antibiotics, efforts have been made to tackle staphylococcosis worldwide. The presence of mecA gene in Staphylococcus can result in methicillinresistant by decreasing affinity in binding of b-lactam antibacterial group in this bacterium. This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence of mecA gene as well as antibacterial resistance pattern in S. aurues strains isolated from industrial dairy cows suspected to mastitis in Ilam province. In this study, 208 specimens were collected from 7 industrial dairy farms in 2017, in which 42 (20. 54%) bacteria identified as S. aureus by standard biochemical tests. Consequently, PCR of femA gene confirmed the results of phenotypic methods for 38 (91. 56%) isolates. Of 38 S. aureus isolates, 22 (52. 38%) had mecA genes. For evaluating antibiotic resistance and detecting of mecA gene the disc diffusion and PCR tests were performed, respectively. The highest resistance to antibiotics was penicillin (100%) and the lowest resistance was chloramphenicol (1. 20%) (P<0. 05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the presence of mecA gene in this province. The results indicate that the prevalence of MRSA is too high in milk samples and this can be a health hazard to livestock. Therefore further studies on the typing of these isolates and conducting a comparative study with the isolates from hospitals are necessary.

The development of an ovine in vitro embryo production system where individual embryos could be followed through to the blastocyst stage would be of interest to several fields of study and would allow us to characterize developmentally competent embryos through non-invasive analysis of the metabolite constituents of their corresponding culture media. The present study was designed to establish an individual ovine embryo culture system, with embryo development rates similar to that observed under grouped culture conditions. After IVM and IVF, presumptive zygotes were cultured in groups or individually, either in 20 and 10 microliter drops. Cleavage and blastocyst rates at days 3, 6 and 7 were evaluated. Moreover, the effect of 5 or 10 percent fetal calf serum added to individual culture at day 3, were evaluated. No refreshing was made. Cleavage rate, total blastocyst, early, expanded and hatched blastocyst were similar for all treatments at day 6. Total blastocyst rates at day 7 was lower in group culture than that of individually cultured and in another experiment, total blastocyst and early blastocyst rate was different at day 7 post-cultured. The results of this study show clearly that a large proportion of ovine zygotes can develop to the blastocyst stage when cultured individually, adding 10 percent fetal calf serum at day 3 and without refreshing.

This study was aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical localization of ghrelin in testicular tissues of rooster. Ghrelin is a pleiotropic regulator of a wide array of endocrine and non-endocrine functions. In the mammal, the expression of ghrelin and its receptors in the gonads, the effect of ghrelin on the control of gonadal function as well as the direct effects of ghrelin on control of testicular secretion and cell proliferation has been reported, however, the expression and/or functional role of ghrelin has not been studied in gonads of non-mammalian species until now. In those study, the immunohistochemical localization of ghrelin in testicular tissues of rooster, using mouse monoclonal anti ghrelin antibody as the primary antibody and donkey anti rabbit IgG (HRP conjugated) and polyclonal antibody as the secondary antibody was investigated. The testis samples were collected from five roosters (45 day olds) and kept in 10% formalin for IHC analysis. Then paraffin blocks and histological section for IHC test were prepared. Evaluation of the pattern of cellular expression of ghrelin protein in rooster testis using immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ghrelin peptide was located in the interstitial leydig, sertoli cells, and germ cells. We have suggested that the ghrelin expression in germ cells, leydig cells and sertoli cells may indicate its role in the local regulation. This is the first study to provide molecular evidence for the presence of ghrelin within the entire testicular tissues of rooster.

Ninty nine broiler chicks from Ross 308 strain at 21 days of age were randomly divided into three treatments and each treatment was divided into trireplicates and each replicate containing 11 chicks. The chicks were recieved water and three different diets with the same energy and protein levels free up to 42 days of age. Feed intake, weight, feed conversion ratio and mortality were calculated at the end of each week. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected and the different parts of the carcasses were separated and weighted. Experimental group 1 (Corn and barley-based diets (barley level 22%) and soybean meal, β-glucanase 2, 600 IU/g, β-beta glucanase 1800 IU/g and cellulase 500 IU/g) had the highest production cost. There were statistically significant differences between experimental groups respected to proventriculus (P=0. 002), abdominal fat (P=0. 031), liver, gizzard and intestine ratio to alive weigh and average percent of carcass, breast and the thighs (P<0. 0001). The highest carcass percent was observed in experimental group 2 (Receiver of corn, barley, β-xylanase 2200 U/g, β-glucanase 200 IU/g, cellulase 100 IU/g and pectinase 100 IU/g). The different groups showed no statistically significant differences in term of total protein and uric acid (P>0. 05). However, the groups 1 showed statistically significant differences decreases for glucose and albumin in comparision to other groups (P<0. 05). The findings of this study showed that the group that received lower levels of β-xylanase, β-glucanase and cellulase, with adding of pectinase, had better performance and lower production cost, which indicates a decrease in the effect of anti-nutritional factors on the recipients of this enzymatic complex.

Drug interactions may affect on pharmacokinetic parameters of anesthetic agents. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of phenylbutazone on various pharmacokinetic parameters of Sodium thiopental in the male dogs. Twelve male dogs were randomly divided into two (control and experimental) groups. Animal health was confirmed by clinical examination prior to testing. Equivalent doses of thiopental sodium (17 mg/kg) were intravenously administered following the injection of 0. 9% normal saline (0. 1 ml/kg) in control group and phenylbutazone 20% (20 mg/kg) via the same route in experimental group. After anesthesia, blood samples were collected at various time intervals and their sera were separated by centrifugation and assayed for thiopental concentration using HPLC method. Elimination rate constant (kel), half-life (t1/2), volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (Cl) of thiopental were determined non-compartmental analysis of the concentration-time curves. Results show a significant difference in thiopental pharmacokinetic parameters. The elimination rate constant and clearance in the experimental group were found to be less than of those in the control group, but the half-life and Vd of thiopental were more than in the experimental group compared to the control group. This is probably as a result of displacement from binding sites by phenylbutazone which can lead to changes in pharmacokinetic parameters and duration action of thiopental.

To show up in an exercise activity a five-year-old mare was injured in left hind limb when being transferred by horse tow truck. Nevertheless, was carried to the sport club. The natural vital signs were recognized in physical examination. No weighing on injured limb was reported. In radiological evaluation the second and fourth proximal metatarsal fracture had been oblique and closed. No ligament and tendon damages were ever claimed through ultrasonography survey. A day after limb splinting and temporary plaster casting, through general anesthesia the plaster was taken off the damaged limb. For the second time, plastering the damaged limb was fulfilled, after 20 minutes’ traction was applied. Plaster removing occurred after 8 weeks and the patient had no full weighing on involved limb with a moderate lameness as well. Thus the horse was recommended to meet physiotherapy with hoof trimming for 8 weeks. Perfect weighing with no lameness was reported after 16 weeks past from fracture occurrence. To fix a limb in splint bone fracture, plaster casting is an easy and more practical method for field condition, in comparison to others. To monitor the process of success, radiological evaluation is needed.