Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
Year:2020 | Volume:26 | Issue:12|Papers Count:16

Background: Musculoskeletal problems include motor movement constraints in hemodialysis patients, which affects their quality of life. Ultrasonography is currently used to evaluate superficial tendons and ligaments attached to the joint. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and Achilles tendon’ s changes as an example of tendon involvement in patients with renal failure under regular hemodialysis using ultrasound examination and its related factors. Methods: This case-control study was performed among healthy individuals and patients referred to hemodialysis unit in dialysis unit of Rasoul Akram hospital in a period of one year (from April 2017 to April 2018). The inclusion criteria were end stage renal disease (ESRD) and regular hemodialysis for at least 6 months three times a week and 4 hours each session. Patients were excluded from the study because of systemic inflammatory disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus as the cause of renal failure, previous trauma and bone fracture, TB disease. The control group was selected among healthy volunteers. An ultrasound evaluation was performed using probes with dynamic and linear array scanners with a frequency of 12 MHz. Results: Thirty patients and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled. In the ultrasonography of the tendon in patients, the median and proximal areas of the right and left Achilles were compared in two groups. The ultrasonic indexes of the different parts of the Achilles tendon were higher in the patients than healthy subjects. Of course, this difference was statistically significant only in the left Achilles proximal area. In general, the elastography of left and right Achilles tendon was lower in the healthy group. There was no correlation between the mean elastography of right and left Achilles tendon with age and PTH in participant groups. Conclusion: Finally, the findings from the study showed that in the patients’ group, the thickness and area of Achilles tendon and left ventricle were higher than the control group. Also, evaluation of elastography indices showed tenderness of elasticity of tendon in dialysis patients compared to healthy subjects.

Background: One of the most important research objectives in the field of cancer is the discovery of chromosomal changes involved in the formation of neoplastic cells and malignant tumors. According to the country report, skin cancer in Iran is ranked first among Iranian's women. In this research, we will study skin induced skin cancer in SD mice and will report similar areas in human chromosomes and also the most important candidate genes in those regions. Methods: In this study, SD rats were used as an animal model for induction of skin cancer in which 10 mg of carcinogens DMBA soluble in sesame oil were injected subcutaneously to rats. The tumors were obtained for cell culture and the preparation of meta-phasic chromosomes. After staining with GTG method, banding chromosomes in meta-phasic stage were compared with the normal rats' ideogram. By examining metaphase chromosomes, the most common chromosomal changes were recorded between chromosomal sets. Based on their changes and location and with the help of databases, a list of genes and their possible role were made according to the genomic comparison method between rats and humans. Results: The results of the chromosomal changes included a wide range of abnormalities, and clearly, fragments of chromosomes number 5, 8 and 9 were eliminated, and also parts of chromosome number 7 were subject to chromosomal structural addition. Also, using the cytogenetic molecular method of the FISH, reduction of copy numbers in the CDKN2B and KLF4 genes was shown in the chromosome 5 of the treated rats. Conclusion: Through using genomic comparison methods and studying scientific articles about the genes based on modified chromosomal regions, it is suggested that the genes including CASP9, CDC2L1 CNR2, DFFA, DFFA, CCND3, EEF1A1, ASAP1, PTK2, DAG1, GPX1, MLH1, TGFBR2, TUSC2, KLF4, SLC31A1, CDKN2B, ELAVL2 and FANCG may be one of the most important genes in the development of skin cancer in our model, so this group of genes and related genes are suggested for more and more accurate studies.

Background: One of the etiologies of severe hypertension (HTN) in 1% of children is pheocromocytoma that is a very are tumor. Origins of this rare tumor are the chromophylline cells in the medulla of the adrenal or the paraganglioma tissue out of the adrenal gland which secretes catecholamines that may have various presentations. The main symptom in 90% of patients is persistent hypertension without fluctuation. Other signs of the tumor include: headaches, vertigo, flashing, sweating, nausea and vomiting. This tumor is diagnosed with the elevation of catecholamines or their metabolites in 24 hours’ urine test. This study is a report about how pheochromocytoma is diagnosed and treated in a 12-year-old boy. Case report: The patient is a 12-year-old boy with a history of frequent headaches of 3. 5 years ago that is brought to the emergency department with complaints of severe headache, palpitations, sweating, nausea and vomiting. At the beginning, the patient's blood pressure was 230/130. After stabilizing the patient and performing abdominal ultrasound and CT scan, the definitive diagnosis of pheocromocytoma was given. After diagnosis and following treatment for two weeks and doing special measures to neutralize catecholamines released from the tumor, final treatment has done with surgery. Conclusion: Although pheocromocytoma is a rare cause of hypertension in children, it should be considered as a cause of high blood pressure, especially in children with long-standing headaches, so accurate examination of children with history of high blood pressure and long-standing headaches is recommended.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of marriage enrichment based on selection theory and PREP program on marital relationship beliefs. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental with experimental, control, pretest design, and post-test. The statistical population of this study was couples referring to Mehrvar Consulting Center in Tehran who were referred to counseling center during Nov 2018 period. 30 couples were selected by purposeful method and divided into two experimental marriage enrichment groups based on the theory of choice (10 couples), The experimental group PREP (10 couples) and the control group (10 couples) were randomly assigned. Test groups received weekly intervention in a group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. All three groups were evaluated in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up by means of communication beliefs scale. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the effect of marriage enrichment intervention on the basis of selection theory and intervention program of prevention and improvement of relationship on communication beliefs (F= 32. 32, P= 0. 001), disagreemeent is destructive (F = 38. 80, P= 0. 001), partner cannot change (F =19. 71, P= 0. 001), mind reading is expected (F= 28. 00, P= 0. 001), sexual perfection (F= 18. 63, P= 0. 001), and the sex are different (F= 31. 13, P= 0. 001), and this effect has remained stable in the follow-up phase. Also, the results of Tukey's post hoc test in order to compare two and two groups showed that there is no difference in the degree of influence between the two methods. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that enrichment of marriage based on selection theory and PREP is a prerequisite for reducing marital couples' ineffective communication beliefs.

Immediately after wounding, microbial colonization occurs. The effects of microbial wound colonization on healing process are particularly important and therefore, based on the significant economic and social impact of wounds, a higher level of research is needed to evaluate the potential new therapeutic agents that can lead to wound healing acceleration. Today, bacteriotherapy is a promising way to fight infections by employing harmless bacteria to displace pathogenic microbes. Probiotics are among these new agents which are widely used and extensively studied for treatment of wound infections. Probiotics have the ability to strengthen the immune system, produce anti-inflammatory action and enhance wound healing process following accumulation of inflammatory cells in the site of wound.

Background: Due to the increase in urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Escheria. coli strains and their resistance to conventional antibiotics, the development of new effective antimicrobial agents particularly nanoparticle based biological compounds is urgently required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of a new derivative of spirooxindole nanoparticles against ESBLs producing E. coli isolates obtained from patients with UTI. Methods: This descriptive-observational study was performed on 60 E. coli isolates from Karaj city hospitals. Isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates against Cefepime, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, was determined using the Disk Diffusion Method. The new derivative of spiroxindole nanoparticles was prepared by electrosynthesis and examined with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ESBLs producing isolates were detected by the Combined Disk test. The broth microdilution method was performed to determine the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nanoparticles Results: Antibiotic resistance of 60 Escherichia coli isolates was as follows: Cefepime 23. 33%, Ceftazidime 16. 66%, Cetfriaxone 30% and Cefotaxime 31. 66%. 14 ESBLs producing Escherchia coli isolates were identified by a phenotypic confirmatory test. The MIC value of the understudied spirooxindole nanoparticles was obtained to be 50μ g/ml. Conclusion: Undertaking further studies, the understudied spirooxindole nanoparticle can be introduced as a new antibacterial compound.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine effect of the aerobic continuous versus high-intensity, interval training on IRE1 expression and its correlation with insulin resistance index of liver tissue in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Twenty-four heads of male Wistar rats (weight 160-180 g) after 7 months of high-fructose-containing diet were divided into three groups of control, aerobic continuous and intermittent exercise. They practiced the protocol in five days a week for two months. Blood samples were collected 24 h after the last training session, and liver tissue was immediately extracted. Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results: Both exercise models reduced IRE1 gene expression in the liver of type 2 diabetic rats compared to the control group (P=0. 005), but no significant differences were observed between the two exercise groups (P=0. 877). There was a correlation between the expression of IRE1 gene and insulin resistance index such that decrease of IRE1 gene expression resulted in decrease of insulin resistance index (r=-0. 667, p=0. 003). Conclusion: The results of this research show that both HIIT and continuous aerobic training can be used to improve the studied parameters in type 2 diabetic subjects.

Background: Medial tibia stress syndrome (MTSS) is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries caused by overuse in athletes and the military. Based on past studies, there is not available comprehensive systematic information on the percentage of its prevalence in different communities. On the other hand, studies have not examined the effect of stretching and strength exercises on the improvement of this syndrome. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the scientific framework of research related to the prevalence of Medial tibia stress syndrome and the effect of stretching and strength exercises on its improvement. Methods: For this study, the research background was searched through the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier and Scopus. The keywords "Medial tibia stress syndrome", "Stretching exercises and syndrome" and "Strength exercises and syndrome" were limited to 1988 to 2018, used. Results: The average of incidence of tibia's internal pressure syndrome in runners (33. 67%) was higher than in college athletes (28. 22%) and in college athletes were more than military (18. 41%). Other results showed the total average of prevalence of MTSS in women was 27. 07% and in men was 17. 20%, indicating a high prevalence of MTSS in women compared to men. In general, ankle flexor dorsi muscles training lead to improve pain and reduce the incidence rate of MTSS injury. Also, flexor plantar flexor muscles stretching exercises, when combined with strength training, can improve pain and reduce the incidence of injury. Otherwise, stretching exercises alone do not have a significant effect on the improvement of MTSS. Conclusion: The rate of injuries prevalence as a standard is used for determining its risk in sports and in different societies. Therefore, the present study can provide accurate information on the recognition of prevalence of MTSS and attention to prevention and treatment of MTSS in studied communities, especially runners and team physicians. It is worth noting that in the discussion of treatment, coaches and team physicians are advised to use ankle dorsi flexor muscles strength exercises to reduce the rate of pain and the incidence of MTSS.

Background: Numerous methods have been tested in the field of rehabilitation of dyslexic students. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation and neuro-psychological exercises on reading speed, accuracy and comprehension of students with dyslexia. Methods: The method was quasi-experimental and its design was multi-group with pretest and posttest phases. The statistical population was included all elementary school students with developmental dyslexia of Amol and Mahmood-abad cities during the academic year of 1397-98, who were referred to learning disability centers. 45 samples were selected by convenience sampling and assessed by Raven IQ test and a Persian version of reading and dyslexia test (NAMA). Samples were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups after confirming diagnose from LD experts. Interventions were conducted in methods of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation and practical cognitive rehabilitation for experimental groups in 14 sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Reading speed, accuracy and comprehension were measured via NAMA test in two pre-test and post-test stages. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance with Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: The results showed that computerized cognitive rehabilitation was more effective on the amount of reading speed and accuracy, but in comprehension, the practical method was more effective. Conclusion: Computerized cognitive rehabilitation and practical cognitive rehabilitation are effective on dyslexia and these interventions can be complementary to each other in order to improve reading performance.

Background: Cancer is a disease that starts from abnormal proliferation of cells in the body and occurs in different tissues of the host body. Cancer treatment is currently being treated with chemical drugs and radiation that can have long-term complications for the patient. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of hydatid cyst antigens on SK-BR-3 cancer cell lines. Methods: In this study, hydatid cysts were collected from slaughterhouses in the province of Isfahan and the fluid removed with Protoscolex. Crude antigens, cyst fluid antigens and excretory-secretory antigens were extracted. SK-BR-3 cell line was cultured in RPMI medium. Different antigen fractions were added to the cells in 96-well plates and after 48 hours of treatment, cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. Results: All fractions had acceptable anti-cancer effects compared to the control group, which was statistically significant. The fraction of 60% of ammonium sulfate of the crude antigen had better anticancer effects than the 20% and 40% fraction, but in the liquid cyst antigen and the excretory-secretory antigen, the anticancer activity of the ammonium sulfate 40% fraction was higher than the other fractions. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that antigens isolated from human hydatid cysts have anticancer effects on SK-BR-3 cancer cell line and can be used in future studies as candidates for cancer prevention.

Background: Cancer accounts for 9% of all deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the most important cancer treatments that are nauseating to varying levels. Studies have shown that although anti-nausea and vomiting medications reduce nausea and vomiting, they do not completely eliminate them, so using complementary therapies with medication to reduce nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy is recommended. Reflective massage is one of the long-standing alternative therapies. Methods: Initially, demographic questionnaire was used to obtain the baseline information. Next, the modified Rhodes standard questionnaire for children was given to respond them. The intensity of nausea and vomiting was measured before chemotherapy and then in the control group only the usual anti-nausea and vomiting drugs were used. In the intervention group, in addition to the treatment with standard anti-nausea and vomiting drugs, half an hour before chemotherapy and up to five days subsequently, reflexology massage was performed every morning. After the fifth day, the intensity of nausea and vomiting was assessed in both groups. Results: The results of comparing the situation of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy-induced in the school-aged cancer patients treated with standard antinausea and vomiting drugs in the intervention and control groups showed that the mean and standard deviation of nausea in the control group was and in the intervention group 4. 333± 1. 917, 1. 866± 1. 332, respectively. Mean and standard deviation of vomiting in control group was 5. 5338± 1. 801 and in intervention group was 2. 6261± 1. 257. Mean and standard deviation of vomiting in control group was 5. 200± 1. 919. There was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups (P = 0. 042) Conclusion: In the present study, it was found that in both intervention and control groups, before intervention, the highest frequency, intensity and duration of vomiting and nausea were observed. After reflexology massage, the nausea and vomiting status was significantly reduced in intervention group.

Background: Congenital cataract is one of the most important causes of blindness and severe visual impairment in children. Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital cataract is essential. Considering the great importance of blindness in children and the massive expense that burden to the health care system, we planned a study to assess the age of unilateral congenital cataract diagnosis in the children referred to contact lens clinic at Farabi Eye Hospital in Tehran. Methods: This descriptive study was performed in the spring and summer of 2019. All the aphakic children due to unilateral congenital cataract referred to contact lens clinic at Farabi eye hospital from 2010 to 2017 were invited for participation in the study. For those persent, the family face to face interview and visual acuity examination were performed. Results: Of 82 children who called for interviews, 38 patients (46. 3%) accepted to participate in this study and were ready for the interview. The mean age at diagnosing was 4. 94 months (Median: 4, Range 0-24). Only 3 cases (7. 9%) were diagnosed at birth. 4 patients’ congenital cataract (11. 4%) were diagnosed during routine follow up after hospital discharge. From the remaining 32 children, 13 families referred to pediatricians, and just 3 cases (23. 07%) were diagnosed. Nineteen families referred to ophthalmologists, and congenital cataract was diagnosed in 16 (84. 2%) of them. All 13 cases whom congenital cataract was not diagnosed by neither pediatricians nor ophtalmologists referred to the ophthalmologists in 2nd visit, and 12 cases were diagnosed. Conclusion: Red reflex examination in all newborns is highly recommended, and suspected cases should be promptly referred to an ophthalmologist. It seems that the training during the residency course for pediatricians about congenital cataract screening is not sufficient or effective. It is of great importance emphasis on of early diagnosis and treatment of congenital cataract to achieve an excellent visual outcome.

Background: Studies have shown that adropine is associated with metabolic homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity running on serum adropine level and insulin resistance in obese adolescent boys. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 25 obese adolescents (mean age 13. 40± 0. 71 years; weight 86. 05± 8. 37 kg) were randomly selected and divided into two groups of running and control. The training group, running at 60-75% of maximal heart rate, performed four sessions per week for 10 weeks. Data were analyzed by independent and dependent t-test at the P<0. 05. Results: The results of this study showed that weight (P=0. 001) and body fat percentage (P=0. 020) were significantly decreased in the high intensity running post-test compared to the pre-test and the control group. Serum adropine levels were significantly increased in the high-intensity running group compared to the pre-test group and the control group (P=0. 003). There was a significant correlation between changes in adropine and changes in body weight, body fat percentage and HOMA-IR (P<0. 05). Conclusion: High-intensity running is associated with the higher adropine levels and as a result, improve indices of metabolic.

Background: Since poor pump function and left ventricular dilatation both contribute to the development of heart failure, improving pump function and limiting left ventricular dilatation are both important therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cardiac rehabilitation based on aerobic and aerobic-resistance exercises on the biomechanical function of cardiac myocardium (MI, PCI and CABG). Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 51 middle-aged male patients aged 55. 73± 5. 92 were followed by MI, CABG, and PCI randomly and equally in three groups of aerobic training, aerobic-resistance training and control were divided. The experimental groups performed sub-maximal aerobic exercises for 8 weeks. The training protocol consisted of three sessions per week of rehabilitation exercises and each activity session consisted of three sections: warm-up, core activity, and cooling. Aerobic-resistance group In addition to aerobic training, they performed resistance training twice a week for 15 minutes. Results: Significant improvement in all biomechanical performance indices of myocardium including: ejection fraction (P=0. 001), end diastolic volume (P=0. 001) and end systolic volume (P=0. 001), left ventricular end diastolic (P=0. 001), left ventricular end systolic (P=0. 001), inter-ventricular septal thickness (P=0. 001), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (P=0. 001). Both aerobic and aerobic-resistance training groups were significantly better than the control group. This improvement was more pronounced in the aerobicresistance group. Conclusion: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program, especially using aerobicresistance training for at least 8 weeks, significantly improves the biomechanical function of cardiac muscle in patients.

Background: The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and vitamin D on the gene expression of HSP70 in the lung tissue of rats exposed to oxygenated water. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of six each: oxygenated water, oxygenated water plus vitamin D, oxygenated water plus aerobic training, and oxygenated water plus aerobic training plus vitamin D. The groups underwent the respective interventions for 8 weeks. HSP70 gene expression were measured by real time and PCR. Results: The aerobic training and vitamin D a lonely caused significant decrease in gene expression of HSP70 compared to oxygenated water (P<0. 05) but the interaction effect of aerobic training and vitamin D interactiondid not significant. Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training and vitamin D induce improve of oxidative stress and inflammation in lung tissue.

Background: Physical activity has various impacts on antioxidant defense, which depends on its intensity and duration. On the other hand, ALSO vitamin D has antioxidant properties. However, the simultaneous effect of these interventions on antioxidants is not well understood. So, the aim of present study was to investigate theeffects of combination of aerobic training and Vitamin Don GPx concentration and oxidant– antioxidant balance (PAB) in lung tissue of rats exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats weighing 220± 20 g, aged 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups of oxygenated water (n=6), oxygenated water-vitamin D (n=6), oxygenated water-aerobic exercise (n=6), oxygenated water-aerobic exercise and vitamin D (n=6) and healthy control (n=6) were divided into intervention protocol for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. (Induction of oxidative stress, aerobic exercise and vitamin D intake). Research variables were measured by specialized kits and ELISA in lung tissue. Inferential data were analyzed using Shippo-Wilk tests, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: The interaction of aerobic training with vitamin D caused increase in GPx and significant decrease in PAB (p>0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the combination of aerobic exercise and vitamin D under conditions of induction of oxidative stress can induce improve the antioxidant activity and reduce oxidative stress and has protective effect on lung tissue.