Police Historical Studies
Year:2019 | Volume:5 | Issue:19|Papers Count:6

The army was formed in order to maintain the order and security and to sustain political system life. However in some cases the army has doubt to maintain the security of the ruler and society. So a kind of correlation is created between the existence of political system, the ruling structure and the identity of the army. During the sovereignty of Dr. Mosadegh government, the army was confronted with such a position. Dr. Mosadegh tried to overcome the army and police to nationalize the oil industry and to advance his programs. He forced the king to do so. This article aims to study the position of army in the strategy of security by a descriptive _analytical method to analyze the causes of his failure in controlling the army and police. Results indicate that Pahlavi dynasty tried to create a consistent base in the society by focusing on the army reinforcement and domination on it to maintain it's existence; in other words a correlation was found between the existence and identity of the monarchy and army during Pahlavi. While Dr. Mosadegh tried to control the army, he was loyal to the reign and maintain it's existence. These two programs contradicted each other, in other words it seemed impossible to control the army without any change in the structure of the Pahlavi dynasty which finally caused the failure and downfall of Dr. Mosadegh.

The military tribes are one of the important phenomena during the political and social history of Iran which have been intertwined with the society and government from ancient to contemporary periods. It is impossible to study the history of this territory without knowing these tribes; Since some of them have had an active role in political and military terms, there existed a particular relationship among them and the reign. Although the historians have tried to clarify the influential figures of the tribunal clans, little studies have been conducted about some of these clans. That is why still there exist a layer of dust on some parts of the history of our country. One of these clans which deserves a historical study is the local clan of Gharaguzlu. By casual determination and relying on the historical data and library evidence, this research aims to specify the emergence of Gharaguzlus in the political events and their military role up to Afsharian period. The research results indicate that Gharaguzlu with a tribunal nature which had been emerged from within a big military tribe and from the very beginning had military power, maintained it's position against enemies in this way.

Jamkhane is one of the largest villages of Mazandaran located at Sari in Mianrood county. This old historical land has had different historical works (Babol museum). As the main purpose of this research is to collect information via interviews with elders, shepherds and cowherds of Jamkhane, the qualitative phenomenology research method has been used to investigate the following questions: 1. What was the influential factors in the life of foresters? 2. How the military function of defensive places in Jamkhane are determined considering the living and military instruments. Results of the research show that military, security and living instruments of ancient foresters of Jamkhane village were: 1. Military instruments such as dagger, axe, sword, stone spear. 2. Religious instruments: various types of marbles in gunmetal, bone, clay and glass. 3. living instruments like: different kinds of copper, doug and, silver coins. 4. different stone symbols such as: statues of rabbits, dogs, snakes and goats around graves and castles indicated the particular manner of living and thoughts of Jamkhane people. 5. The security _defensive and living functions of places and castles at the south of Jamkhane. 6. The importance of cow to meet the material and immaterial needs of the living, security and social life and productive system of Jamkhane.

Security is one of the most important concepts which has been raised within the social and political life of all societies in the past and present. This term has been stated in the divine word and other Islamic sources frequently. The great Islamic thinker of 7th century Abdolrahman Ibn Khaldoon as a great Tunisian historian has deeply considered this concept in the introduction of his book entitled Alabar obviously. Regarding the special position of security in the Islamic act and thinking, this paper tries to study this type of thinking about security in the view of this great Islamic thinker. Then he investigates the relationship between this concept with the human nature and it's relations with phenomena of government, nervousness and social conflicts. Also he shows the correspondence and linkage of Ibn Khaldoon thinkings with structuralists and fundamentalists in the new era. He emphasizes on the non_abstractness and prescriptiveness of the ideas by this great Islamic thinker. He also has had particular innovations which are similar to the today's views. The present research method is documentary _librarian. In such a way that the book of Alabar and all other books and articles of thinkers about security in Ibn Khaldoon view which have been published were studied by a logical _comparative method. The most important finding in this paper is the similarity between Ibn Khaldoon security conversation with the functional_structural attitude in which he analyzes the phenomenon of order and security with a materialistic and naturalistic view.

The present research investigates the political culture and identify the strategic treatment of Kordish ethnic movement in Iran from reform period (Mr. Khatami government called reforms) to the next by using Grand theory method. The analyzed data was obtained via interviews with reporters in a Grand theory method. The objective of this paper is to find a paradigmatic model which can relate the important factors of the mentioned phenomenon. Findings indicate two political cultures and two different strategies consistent with them in the case of Kordish movement from the very beginning of the reform government up to now. One is the closed political culture consistent with which is the strategy of unequal pluralism and the other is the open political culture consistent with which is the strategy of equal pluralism. To adopt each strategy a series of casual, interferential and contextual factors have played special roles and the adoption of each strategy has had it's own consequences. The sum of these factors had been related to each other in a paradigmatic model.

By the expansion of the machine life and rapid increase in the roads transportation during the recent half_century, the economic benefits result from the expansion of communications and also the speed of goods and passengers transport have added to the numbers and intensity of road accidents and lesions led to death or wounds induced by it rapidly. Most of these accidents take place due to the lack of awareness about the driving laws and provisions. By importing the earlier automobiles to Iran during Qajariyeh and occurrence of accidents, it seemed that there should be laws and provisions to control drivers and the way of driving. With the due respect to the increasingly complexity of driver's conditions, breaches and increase in the vehicle traffic during the first and second Pahlavi and after revolution, the driver licenses underwent changes and transformations in substantive and procedural manners. In order to realize the goals based on the issuance of driver's license, it was essential to make fundamental reforms in the form, content and way of license issuance in which the form and content of license should change consistent with it's new missions. The objective of this paper is to study the trend of issuing driver's license in a descriptive _analytical method and by relying on the library and documentary sources. It shows that the form and content of licenses have been transformed over time. Findings show that contemporary to the expansion of driver's population and the necessities induced by traffic control and various types of vehicles with their special characteristics and also vehicles which had been used generally, the license consistent with the type of the driving had been issued. These necessities caused changes in the issuance of driver's license over time.