STRATEGIC STUDIES ON YOUTH AND SPORTS
Year:2018 | Volume:17 | Issue:39|Papers Count:21

The study is to examine the relationship between religiosity and tendency towards the crime among the youth in DarehShahr, Ilam, Iran. The research method is survey. The Statistical population of the study includes young people aged 18-29 in DarehShahr city. Using Cochran formula, a sample of 376 people have been considered. In this study, multistage cluster sampling method was used and the data gathering tool was a questionnaire. After collecting questionnaires, the data were analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Findings of the research suggest that there is a reverse and significant relationship between the four dimensions of religiosity and tendency toward crime among young people and there is a reverse and significant relationship between religiousness and tendency towards the youth. Also, the findings show that 56% of variance of dependent variable based on independent variables. Finally, we conclude that in order to reduce the tendency towards the crime of youth, there needs to be an extra effort to promote their religion, especially in the field of rituals.

This study is to identify the impact of social networks on family values in Tehran City. In the theoretical framework, virtual social networking theorists such as Ritzer, Rokeach and Fleur, Giddens, Valdhal and Clapper, Kelly and Wollkhar and from, Inglehart and Koli 's views on family values have been used. These methods were used in this study: a survey of descriptive and explanatory sectional view of the nature of an application study and research plan. The statistical population of the 15-29-year-olds in Tehran was sampled (399) using Cochran formula and the samples were selected by random sampling. Questionnaire was used for data collection technique that has content validity and reliability with Cronbach alpha technique took 93/0. The results of the data analysis showed that the duration of use, type of use, type of environment (interactive and interactive), parent awareness and social networking depend on the family values of respondents have a direct and significant effect. The effect of social networks on family values was moderate (12/49 percent). According to regression results, parents' awareness of 6% and the dependence on virtual social networks by 17% can predict the family values of the respondents studied.

The present study is to evaluate the life skills among the youth in Yazd province. The statistical population included all the youth in Yazd, Ardakan and Meybod cities aged 15 to 29 years old in 2016 that the total number was 211045. The sample size, based on the Cochran formula, was 953 in the three cities. The sampling method applied in this study was multi-stage cluster. The research’ s instrument was life skills inventory (Saatchi et al., 1389). The findings of the research indicated that the level of life skills and the level of different aspects of life skills among the youth in Yazd were higher than the theoretical average amount. It was shown that men's life skills were significantly higher than women's, with the increase in the level of the education of parents, the level of life skills in young people increase and employees had a higher level of life skills. There was a significant relationship between the individuals' income and their life skills level, but there was not a significant relationship between the family's income and the life skills. Also, the findings of the present study did not show a significant difference between the level of life skills in terms of marital status. The results of this study indicated that the level of life skills among the youth in Yazd is higher than the theoretical mean, but there is a long way to reach the desired level. Findings of this study indicate the necessity of planning and implementing different programs in order to improve youth’ s life skills.

Social apathy, as a social problem, presents a barrier to political and social participation. Hence, it becomes increasingly important to closely investigate the indifference among young people as one of the most influential groups in the social and political dynamism in the Iranian society. The current research is to study the extent and the dimensions of social apathy among the youth, from the perspective of social consensus, within the framework of Robert Merton's theoretical system. The study comprises a survey on 400 young people aged between 19-30 whom were interviewed. The findings showed that social apathy is low in 41% of the young people, moderate in 30% and high in 29%. Among the various dimensions of social apathy, objective indifference is rated higher than subjective social apathy. The multivariate regression analysis showed that the social apathy of the youth is directly related to the severity of the relationship with such variables as normative rupture, value rupture, and socio-economic status. The aforementioned variables account for 58. 2% of social variation among the youth. Finally, the implications of the findings and the results of the research as pertinent to social and cultural policy-making have been discussed.

Youth as a social, cultural and biological structure is the basis and groundwork for social changes. Therefore, due to the increasing growth of the rethinking of sexual interactions as well as the increase of inter-gender interactions and changes in its form and content, the purpose of this study was to investigate the most important factors affecting the rethinking of sexual interactions of young people. The statistical population of the study included students from 18 to 29 years old at universities in Tehran. Sampling was done using multi-stage cluster sampling. The sample size was 384 according to Cochran's formula. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The findings of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between Filiarchy, long-term residence of young people in the family, individualism, the use of new communication technologies, the role of women and men, and the socioeconomic status with the amount of rethinking of sexual interactions. The findings of stepwise regression showed that modern communication technologies, individualism, change in the role of women and men, social and economic status, and childbirth, in total involve 18. 3% of the variance in the rethinking of sexual interactions of young people. Using the structural equation model of Amos, it was found that changes in the image of a husband and wife through childbearing and individualism, as well as the use of new communication technologies, and the socio-economic base affect the level of rethinking in sexual interactions.

The study is to study the performance of sport activities in the provinces of Iran through an analytical and developmental approach. So it considers the comparative nature of sporting input and output in Iran provinces. Accordingly, we used indicators of the number of sports complexes, swimming pool, active coach and training courses as input indicators and index of the number of athletes in the national team as an output indicator (as an effective communication with development), and have been analyzed with the application of the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) through WinDEAP software. The results show that the provinces of Tehran, West Azarbaijan, Fars, Mazandaran and Hamedan have a good performance (compared to other provinces) in the sports industry and are considered as the reference provinces (representatives) for other provinces, while other provinces of the country are below the efficient border. In this case, the least performance is related to the provinces of South Khorasan, North Khorasan and Kurdistan, respectively. Also, the most sensitive indicator in this section is the number of athletes who are members of the national team of each province, which has been used as the benchmark for research. Also Despite the fact that in areas (such as Isfahan) sports development is gaining in sport by expanding the infrastructure, the sustainable development of this category depends on the cost-benefit of the sports industry and this will be done by investing in sport infrastructure in the five most effective provinces.

The study is to formulate and design a model for acquisition effective international seats in sports by the representatives of Iran. The method of study was mixed. The statistical population of this study includes the faculty members of universities, sport federation presidents, managers, athletes and sports seats representatives who have the necessary knowledge and experience in international sessions(n=495). In the qualitative phase, 25 individuals were selected purposefully and in quantitative phase, a sample of 220 people was chosen based on Morgan table. The instrument was a 55-item structured questionnaire to achieve the objectives of the study. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by 20 sports management specialists and its structural validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Its reliability was studied in a pilot study with 30 subjects and calculated as 0/83. For data analysis the descriptive statistic and inferential statistics methods including KMO, Bartlett exploratory factor analysis with orthogonal rotation and structural equation modeling by application of AMOS and SPSS23 software were used. The results showed thatthere are 6 factors as effective components contained within international sport seats were prioritized as follows: communicative(0/932), economical (0/903), social and cultural(0/901), administrative(0/830) and political(0/779) are evailable. The model was derived from appropriate fitness. The model captured a strong theoretical model for the design of effective international sports seats by the representatives of Iran.

The study is to rank the indicators that affect the sale of sports products through cyberspace from the perspective of physical education students of Payam-e-Noor University of Tehran. The statistical population included all female and male physical education students of Payam-e-Noor University of Tehran, whose total number was 1302 (635 women and 667 men). According to Morgan table, 302 individuals were selected by cluster and random sampling from south Tehran, Tehran west, Lavasan, Shahriar, Varamin and Pakdasht branches. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Its validity was confirmed by 10 sport management experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0. 81). To assess the validity of the questionnaire, content validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used. This research is an applied survey and its information was provided on gathering method. In order to investigate the relationship between variables, the correlation between the types of research is measured. For data analysis, one-sample t-test and two samples, ANOVA test, Pearson correlation test, and Friedman test for ranking the factors were used by SPSS20 software. Factors such as the quality of content and website design, the amount of Internet access, the method of receiving goods and how to pay, the speed and ease of using the website, the reliability of the store, the side services and its effective advertising are factors affecting the sales of goods. On the other hand, it was found that the age and education are important factors in the attitude of individuals towards the impact of store promotions on its sales growth.

The study is to determine the impact of organizational culture on organizational silence in the headquarters of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research method used in this study was descriptive-survey method and information was collected by two methods of library and field studies using the Volach's organizational culture questionnaire (1983) and Organizational Silence of Boradas and Vakula (2005). The population (the staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth about450) was selected through simple random sampling and based on the Morgan table, a statistical of 205 people were selected as the sample. In order to analyze the data, two SPSS and LISREL software were used. The statistical tests used in this study are Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to determine the normality of the variables, fitness indicators to determine the fit of the model, Pearson correlation test to determine the correlation between variables and regression test to determine the role of independent variable on dependent. The results showed that organizational culture and all its components (bureaucratic culture, supportive culture and innovative culture) are of a significant effect on organizational silence and its components (managers 'attitude towards silence and supervisors' attitudes towards silence and communication opportunities). The organizational culture is of effect on organizational silence in female employees and a significant difference with male employees. Given that supportive culture and innovative culture reduce the level of organizational silence, it is suggested that with the support of employees as well as encouraging innovation, the culture of supportive and innovative innovation is put in place and will weaken the silence of employees.

The success of any sports organization requires strategic planning and providing the right strategies. The study is to analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatens, determining the strategic position and formulating the strategiesfor Development of Tehran Province Volleyball Board. The population consisted of the board of directors, the entire staff of the volleyball board, the heads of the committees and boards of the subsidiary cities, the coaches and experts, the members of the Strategic Council and elite sports and volleyball management in Tehran province that all of them (50 persons) have been selected as samples. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used in this research. In order to collect information in a field, in addition to holding meetings and interviewing members of the Strategic Council, the Swot Identification Questionnaire, open source questionnaire, strategic positioning form, and strategy form were used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 17 professors in sport management and members of the Strategic Council and its reliability was higher than 0/8. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, one-sample t-test and Friedman test, internal and external factors evaluation matrix and strategic positioning matrix were used. The findings showed that the volleyball board of Tehran province has 12 strength points, 12 weaknesses, 13 points of opportunity and 14 threat points. The presence of coaches and referees at the national and international levels as the most important strength, lack of financial resources and affiliation with the federation as the most important weaknesses, the high statistical community in the province as the most important opportunity and lack of supportive laws and weaknesses in attracting sponsors as the most important threats were known. According to the results of internal matrix (2/71) and external matrix (2/31), strategic position of volleyball board of Tehran province is located in competitive region (ST). Therefore, it is recommended to use its strengths, including the presence of coaches, referees and first level instructors, coaching classes and abundance of volunteers to maximize their use to overcome existing threats. An operational plan has been developed focusing on attracting sponsors, supplying equipment, the requirements of subsidiary boards and the production and distribution of volleyball training programs are among the most important strategies.

The study aim was Structural Equation Modeling of marketing capabilities in football Premier League clubs. Research method is mixed with grounded theory method. The Population included marketing managers in clubs, federation and league organization, and faculty members who were expert in sport marketing. Qualitative phase participants were selected by Judgment Sampling; and in quantitative phase, was selected by Convenience Sampling. To collecte the data, depth interview (18 samples) was used. Primary codes were 792 that after summarizing codes, they decrease 184 codes and were converted with 16 Axial codes. These codes were classified to 4 groups included football institutional, infrastructure, strategic and operational capabilities. Then, questionnaire designed with 68 items and its face and content validity was confirmed by the experts ideas; and the construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (%88/8). Collected data from the questionnaires were modeling by LISREL software. The quantitative results also showed football institutional capabilities have significant effect on infrastructure marketing capabilities (effect coefficient=0/84, T=6/47); and infrastructure capabilities have significant effect on strategic capabilities (effect coefficient =0/89, T=3/38); and strategic marketing capabilities have significant effect on operational marketing capabilities (effect coefficient=0/92, T=2/65). Given the importance of marketing, Clubs should identify their capacity and use all these capabilities for marketing and customer acquisition. The proposed model can be used as a tool for identification of football marketing capabilities and Conversion Factors of these capabilities to function, that logical and systematic manner to do marketing, and gaining income and financial independence Club, and solve problems.

The tendency to college education among young people has continued to increase. On the other hand, social participation has also undergone many changes over recent years. As a science and production center, the university affects the student's most individual and collective behavior. The purpose of this study is "A Study on the Relationship between Academic Socialization and Social Participation among young students of University of Tehran". The statistical population of this research is all students of Tehran University in four groups of humanities, basic sciences, engineering, engineering sciences and medical sciences. 382 students were selected according to the Cochran sampling formula. The research was conducted using descriptive survey method. In theoretical foundations, related theories are used and, at the end of the research theoretical model is designed. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire that was distributed among respondents after validation and reliability. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and analyzed using SPSS software. According to the level of variables, Pearson test was used. Finally, according to the beta of the regression model, the effect of independent variables is as follows: Ethical principles and values with the rate of beta (533/0), age (218/0), socioeconomic level (0, 274), scientific success rate (0 433/0), interaction and communication (382/0) 0) affects the level of social participation of student youth, and the coefficient of determination is equal to: 2/41 = 0. 41.

The research is to study the relationship between Leadership style and Job Stress in personnel of the administration of sport and youth in Kurdistan province. The popultion was all personnel of the administration of sport and youth in Kurdistan province that was selected as the total number of samples to this research. Two research made questionnaires were used to collect the data. Formal and content validity of both questionnaires were approved by 11 professors and experts in the field of sport management. Also, construct validity was approved through principal components analysis method. However, in a pilot study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of leadership style questionnaire was assessed 90/0 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of job stress questionnaire was approved 86/0. Data analysis was performed by Pearson correlation and Multivariate regression. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that only Participative and Supportive leadership styles had negetive correlation with job stress (p<0. 05). Also, results of Multivariate regression analysis showed that Participative, Supportive and Autocratic leadership styles had the most prediction capability for job stress respectively. Thus, it is important to notice to leadership style in sport work place by sport managers specially Supportive and Participative leadership style as an effective factor can decrease the Job Stress.

The study is to examine the structure and functions of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in order to highlight a number of problems concerning judicial activities at the global level. First we will outline CAS’ organization and functions, from its inception to the present date. Then we will focus on the role of CAS in making lex sportiva, and it will take into account three different functions: the development of common legal principles; the interpretation of global norms and the influence on sports law-making; and the harmonization of global sports law. As a result, the analysis of CAS and its role as law-maker, in fact, allows us to shed light on broader global governance trends affecting areas such as the institutional design of global regimes, with specific regards to the separation of powers and the emergence of judicial activities in realm of international sport law.