MEDICAL JOURNAL OF TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2013 | Volume:35 | Issue:1|Papers Count:25

Backgrounds and Objectives: Different types of stress have different effects on the body's endocrine system. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute and chronic immobilization stress on serum level of TSH, T3 and T4 in male rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into controls, acutely immobilized (8h/day for immobilization 8 days) and chronically immobilized (2h/day immobilization for 21 days) groups, 10 in each group. After the periods of experiments, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method. Following serum collection, serum levels of TSH, T3 and T4 were measured by Electrochemiluminescense (ECL) method. The Data were statistically analyzed and compared between groups using One-Way ANOVA.Results: Results showed that serum TSH, T3 or T4 levels were significantly increased in rats during acute immobilization stress compared with control animals (P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively) but there were not significantly different changed in thyroid hormones between animals with chronic immobilization and controls.Conclusion: Our findings show that acute immobilization stress enhances serum level of thyroid hormones.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Bacteremia in children should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. Yale observational scale (YOS) is one of this scales which there are controversy against its usefulness. Current study evaluates diagnostic significance of YOS in determining bacteremia in febrile inpatients aged 3-36 months.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 112 febrile hospitalized patients aged 3-36 months (mean age 16.65±9.92 months) visiting emergency department was studied. Before giving antipyretics and antibiotics rectal temperature was recorded and Blood cultures were taken in all children. YOS score and culture results were recorded in all patients. ROC curve for YOS was plotted and its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV), likelihood ratio (LR) in diagnosing bacteremia were calculated.Results: Bacteremia was detected in 14.3% of patients. Children with bacteremia had significantly higher body temperature (39.34±0.35 versus 39.04±0.36, p<0.001) and YOS score (20.87±4.31 versus 12.70±4.36, p<0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, positive LR and negative LR for YOS of greater than 15 were 81%, 71%, 32%, 96%, 2.79 and 0.26, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for BT of higher than 39.25 in diagnosing bacteremia were 56% and 72% respectively.Conclusion: YOS is a simple and easy to administer and has acceptable sensitivity to predict bacteremia; however because of low specificity we could not completely rely on this scale.

Backgrounds and Objectives: caffeine is a member of methyl xanthine family which can further facilitate exercise because of its antioxidant activity it could be effective for prevention of cellular damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate single stage caffeine supplementation on CK and IL-6 responses in non-active male after an exhaustive aerobic exercise.Materials and Methods: 20 non-active male students randomly divided as supplementation and control groups. Exercise test was an exhaustive treadmill test (Bruce test). One hour before the exercise, supplementation group received caffeine (6 Mg/BW) and control group receive placebo. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise test from anticubital vein. Serum; Lactate, CK were measured by Spectrophotometric method and serum IL-6 concentrations were determined using ELISA. Data analysis was used performed using the mixed ANOVA and paired t test.Results: Data analysis showed that a significant increments in blood lactate, creatine kinase and interleukin-6 levels in both control and supplement group (P<0.05). Mixed ANOVA analysis showed that caffeine supplementation had a significant effect on serum interleukin 6 in non-active men after exhaustive aerobic exercise (P<0.05), but its effect on creatine kinase and lactate markers was not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of present study, Caffeine supplementation has positive effect on muscle damage of non-active male after exhaustive aerobic exercise.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Under-ascertainment is a common phenomenon in surveillance systems and health related events registry systems. One of the methods which has been applied to determine the sensitivity of surveillance or registry systems is capture-recapture method. This study was aimed to estimate the cancer cases in the province of Golestan in Iran using available data in two cancer registry centers.Materials and Methods: The Capture-Recapture (CR) method was employed to estimate cancer cases in the province of Golestan. All cancer cases registered within the boundaries of Golestan province during the study period from 2004 to 2006 constitutes the population size of this study. The population was derived from the two cancer registry centers and entered into Microsoft Excel software. After removing duplicate cases by finding the common cases, the data was analyzed in Capture-Recapture 1.4 (CARE 1.4) software. Estimations were calculated by Chapman and Petersen methods at the 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Overall, the estimated number of all cancer cases was 5436 (CI 95%: 5386-5495) over the period of three years from 2004 to 2006. The sensitivity rate of Golestan center for all cancer cases was 88.9% while it was 47% in the Babol center. The sensitivity rate of the two sources, in combination was 94.1%.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that better estimation of cancers cases can be achieved by using two registry lists and applying CR method than using a single source.

Background and Objectives: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a multifactorial disease characterized by production and accumulation of a fibrillar material in ocular and many other tissues. It is the most common cause of open angle glaucoma. The purpose of the present study was to determine the serum level of zinc and copper in the serum of patients with PEX.Materials and Methods: Zinc and copper levels were measured by Atomic absorption method in the serum of 30 patients with PEX and 30 control patients with the same age and sex.Results: The copper level in serum of PEX patients was significantly higher than controls (0.003±0.001 mg/l vs. 0.002±0.001mg/l, P=0.007), but the zinc level in serum of PEX patients was significantly lower than controls (0.05±0.028 mg/l vs. 0.08±0.023 mg/l, P=0.001). There was not any correlation between copper and zinc levels in both studied groups.Conclusion: Our results suggested that increased serum level of copper in PEX may be a risk factor for systemic and ocular manifestations of this syndrome. Decreased zinc level may predispose these patients to more oxidative stress.

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the criteria which define the low risk patients after blunt abdominal trauma. It may hasten the patients handing and avoid unnecessary imaging and diagnostic. Considerations in low risk conditions.Materials and Methods: All adult patients referred to Imam Hussein hospital emergency department with blunt abdominal trauma and had signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal injury were enrolled to the study and followed for one-month. Collected data analyzed with Chi-square test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of each factor was calculated.Results: From total number of 205 enrolled patients (80% were male and 20% were female). The prevalence of three clinical factors (including’s hematuria, shock index above 0.8) and more clinical signs and symptoms at presentation were higher in patient with Intra-abdominal visceral injury than discharged patients (P<0.0001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of serious clinical presentation, hematuria, and shock index above 0.8 in the diagnosis of abdominal visceral injury were 100%, 45%, 100% and 17% respectively.Conclusion: This study showed that patients with low-risk criteria in blunt abdominal injury can be discharged without an abdominopelvic CT scan.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Recently, the activity of paraoxonase-3 enzyme has been reported in follicular fluid, where the concentration of this enzyme in follicular fluid is three times higher than serum. However, the rule of this enzyme in the ovarian function is yet unknown. In the present study , the activity of this enzyme and the ratio of antioxidant/peroxidation activity within the follicular fluid of infertile and fertile who underwent reproductive cycles stimulatory will be evaluated and compared and their variation are correspond with to the oocyte number.Materials and Methods: The follicular fluid obtained from 50 infertile couples who underwent assisted reproductive techniques, follicular fluid paraoxonase-3 enzyme activity was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, high-density lipoprotein was measured by sedimentary, total antioxidant capacity was by ELISA method and levels of malondialdehyde by tiobarbituric acid assay.Results: From 50 women that present in this study, 20 women were infertile and 30 subjects were fertile. The paraoxnase-3 activity rate in follicular fluid of infertile women were significantly lower in compared with fertile women (p<0.05). The average ratio of paraoxonase-3/malondialdehyde in follicular fluid of infertile women were obtained lower than fertiles. Malondialdehyde concentration in follicular fluid of infertile women were significantly high (p<0.05). The level of high-density lipoprotein and total antioxidant capacity in follicular fluid were not significantly.Conclusion: The result of present study showed that paraoxonase-3 activity and paraoxonase-3/ malondialdehyde rato in follicular fluid of infertile women are lower and while malondialdehyde levels conversly was higher.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Physical inactivity adversely affects the lipid profile. Based on the inconsistent and sometime contradictory results about the effects of endurance training and Garlic supplementation on lipid profile, this study was conducted to investigate the concurrent effect of endurance training and Garlic supplementation on body composition and lipid profile in sedentary young males.Materials and Methods: Thirty-six inactive healthy males were randomly divided into four groups, first group underwent endurance training and received garlic supplement (TG), second group only received garlic supplement (G) in third group endurance training plus placebo was implemented (TP), and fourth group only received placebo (P). Garlic capsule was prescribed two times per day (each capsule contains 500 mg allicin) over a period of 4 weeks. The training groups performed aerobic exercise including 30-45 minutes running at 60 to 75% of maximum heart rate. In addition to measuring the anthropometric variables, two blood samples were taken before and after the interventions and were analyzed for lipid profile. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were applied to analyze the data.Results: We observed no significant difference among groups in body composition and triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels (p>0.05). Yet, HDL-C levels significantly decreased in TG group compared to pre-test levels (p>0.05).Conclusion: In the present study garlic supplementation along with endurance training had no significant effect on TG and LDL-C levels. Yet, HDL-C levels increased in TG group. Therefore, garlic supplementation along with endurance training might have favorable effect on lipid profile but further studies are needed.

Backgrounds and Objectives: In assisted reproductive technology it is necessary to use and measure hormones for induction and maintaining the pregnancy. Oxytocin that is secreted by hyophysis has a great role in biology of reproduction. This study was conducted to measure the relation between follicular oxytocin and reproduction outcome.Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, in 110 women, candidates of assisted reproduction the follicular fluid oxytocin was measured. All recruties were selected randomly from Alzahra hospital infertility center of Tabriz university of medical sciences and in all of them HCG was used for induction of ovulation.Results: The average age of Women was 28.28 years. 84.5 percent of their infertility was a primary type. The most common causes of infertility were male factors followed by anovulation for each women averagely 13.47 oocyte were obtained and average of follicular fluid oxytocin was 230.7 mIu/ml.19.1 percent of women became pregnant.Conclusion: Follicular oxytocin amount was different in various phases of follicle development and there wasn’t relation between follicular oxytocin and chance of pregnancy outcome.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Dry socket is a painful disabling condition almost following dental extractions. Given the high prevalence of this complication, many researchers have tried to find successful methods to prevent its occurrence. The purpose of this study is was to evaluate the effect of Gelatamp in prevention of dry socket.Materials and Methods: In this study 65 subjects with two impacted third molars in mandible were selected. Teeth were removed by conventional method and Gelatamp was inserted in one of the sockets randomly. All patients examined clinically four days after the surgery and obtained data were analyzed statistically.Results: From total number of 57 subjects two subjects after Gelatamp application (22.2 %) and seven subjects in the controls (77.8 %) experienced dry socket. The difference between two groups was not significant (p=0.08).Conclusion: Gelatamp could be an effective strategy in the prevention of dry socket after mandibular impacted third molar removal.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pyogenic bacteria possessing highest potentiality to develop resistance to antibiotics. Emergence of resistance towards the most common antibiotics such as aminoglycoside and vancomycin has added burden to the existing MRSA situation. Aminoglycosides are important bactericidal agents. The aminoglycoside resistance is due to drug inactivation by plasmid- or transposon-mediated aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. The aim of this study was to develop a Multiplex-PCR assay for rapid and accurate detection of S. aureus and its resistance genes to aminoglycoside and methicillin.Materials and Methods: Isolates of S. aureus were obtained from various clinical specimens based on standard bacteriological procedures. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains was determined using the disk diffusion method. Extraction of genomic DNA was carried out by SDS-Proteinase K method modified with CTAB. The Multiplex-PCR assay was carried out for detection of mecA, nuc, femB and aac(6′)/aph(2")-Ia genes.Results: Totally 1,389 specimens examined 90 strains of S. aureus were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using disc diffusion revealed high resistance to penicillin (97.8%). Among the isolates nuc, femB and mecA genes were detected in 90(100%), 86 (95.6%) and 58 (64.4%) strains, respectively. Additionally, 44 (48.9%) strains were found to harbor aac(6′)/aph(2")-Ia gene.Conclusion: This study highlights that the multiplex PCR method described herein is not only a convenient method for rapid and accurate detection of S. aureus species but also it detects the presence of common antibiotic-resistant genes.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Cystinosis presents with renal and extrarenal manifestations. The aim of this study is to review the clinical presentations of children who diagnosed as cystinosis during the last 10 years in Children’s Hospital of Tabriz.Materials and Methods: In this case series study, medical records of 10 children with cystinosis were evaluated. Their physical findings and laboratory data were collected and expressed using descriptive statistic analysis.Results: The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 24 months and they reached to end stage renal failure at mean age of 95 months, it was diagnosed as early as 9th months by corneal examination. Hypercalciuria was present in half of our patients but urolithiasis was not found in any patient. Subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in 5 years of old and frank hypothyroidsm occured simultaneously with end stage renal failure in all of patients.Conclusion: Cystinosis is a rare disease in our area. Cystinosis can be diagnosed earlier by ophthalmologic examination. Subclinical hypothyroidism and hypercalciuria are common in cystinosis as we found in our study.

Background and Objectives: It is necessary to use an appropriate analgesic protocol for alleviating post cesarean section pain. It creates a better environment for mother for early communication with her baby. Opioid have several side effects. Considering recently attention for multi-drug methods and different analgesic mechanism of Diclofenac and Paracetamol, we studied wether combination use of Diclofenac and Paracetamol could be more effective than using each one alone or not.Materials and Methods: In this study 95 candidates of C/S with spinal anesthesia randomly assigned in two groups. In their postoperative period, analgesic protocol for the control group was Diclofenac suppositories 100mg every 8 hours. Case group received acetaminophen tablets (500mg) every 6 hours, combined with Diclofenac suppositories (75mg) every 12 hours. Pain intensity was assessed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after surgery using visual analogue scale (VAS).Results: 51 women (age 30.39±5.02 years) were our cases and 44 women (age 28.55±4.78) were our controls. Visual analogue scales at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after surgery in case group was significantly lower than controls. (P<0.05). 21 persons in case group and 27 persons in control group received additional analgesia (P=0.039, Fisher’s Exact Test). There was not a significant increase in side effects in combination theory group.Conclusion: Concomitant use of oral paracetamol and rectal Diclofenac suppositories is more effective than Diclofenac suppository alone for decreasing postoperative pain after cesarean section.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Bile stagnation leads to cholesterol concentrates and Crystal formation that are gall stone precursors. Cholecystokinin kinase hormone receptor (CCKAR) role in contraction and depletion of gall bladder. Polymorphisms of this receptor could have some role in gall bladder stone formation.Materials and Methods: Study on 116 gallstone cases and 118 healthy controls were performed. For molecular analysis, amplification of polymorphism containing sequence was obtained by polymerase chain reaction and then genotyping were carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Finally statistical analysis had carried out for detection of association.Results: With case-control study we recognize that C/T genotype in rs1800857 polymorphism increases gall stone risk more than 3 times (P=0.035; OR=2.954; CI95%=1.072-8.14).Conclusion: This analysis confirms previous studies on rs1800857 polymorphism susceptibility to gall stone only in female and clarify the importance of this region to make a disease prediction.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Estimation of exact time of admission for Labor is very important for mother and neonates safety. Therefore this study was done to detect the impact of early admission on labor conduct and neonatal outcomes.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and comparable study , 250women with low risk Pregnancy ;single fetus and vertex Presentation, that had been admitted in their latent Phase (group 1) and 250 women who had similar characteristics and had been admitted in their active Phase (group 2) were assessed randomly and compared in Taleghani hospital. Information recording forms and check lists were used for data collection. SPSS software, t-test, chi -square and Regression logistic tests were used to analyze the obtained data. P<0.05 was considered as the significant level.Results: Our study showed that 6.8 percent of early referred and 5.8 percent of late referred women had fetal Brady Cardia, tacky cardia and the difference was not significant. But they had significant difference in PH of Cord Arterial, Apgar score of infants in 1 min and Primary resuscitation management’s use (P£0.05).Conclusion: admission of women in Latent Phase of pregnancy increase the complications. It is suggested to do not admitted mothers in their latent Phase when there is not a clear indication of admission.

Celiac or gluten enteropathy is a common disease of western and eastern communities which has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations that varies from an asymptomatic person to a typical malabsorbtion with chronic diarrhea. If physicians are not familiar with this wide spectrum of the disease presentation because of lack of appropriate laboratory test diagnosis of the disease could delay. Here we reported 27 years old women with a chief complaint of worsening chronic constipation in recent months. Further studies diagnosed the patient as a case of celiac disease and with receiving the treatment the majority of symptoms were controlled.