MEDICAL JOURNAL OF TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2001 | Volume:34 | Issue:48|Papers Count:13

Forty pregnant women with probable fetus anomalies (as case group) and 43 pregnant women without fetus anomalies (as control group) were randomly selected and studied for IgG rubella, cytomeglo, herpes simplex I, II viruses and Toxoplasma gondii.All sera (case and control) were positive for rubella, cytomegalo, herpes simplex uses and Toxoplasma gondii IgG. Cytomegalo virus IgM antibody were noticed only in 13(32.5%) newborns with major congenital anomalies (MCA), interauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and stillbirth (SB) in case group, but no positive cases were found in the control group.Seven cases of 13 congenitally infected newborns with IgM positive showed MCA, 4 of them, (30.8%) with SB and two cases of them (15.4%) showed SGA.Statistical analyses showed significant correlations between gestational age and congenital anomalies (MCA, IUGR, SB).

Determination of microalbuminuria is a diagnostic biomarker for prediction of clinical nephropathy in diabetes.Over a period of 6 months overnight (12 hours) urinary albumin excretion (UAE) rate was measured in 90 diabetic patients with 36 type I and 54 type II diabetic and 40 nondiabetic subjects as control in the same age group. The fate of UAE between 20 - 200, µg/min was therefore defined as microalbuminuria. The findings suggest that incidence of microalbuminuria were 29.1% in type II and 41.2% in type I and macroalbuminuria was.24.1% in type II diabetics.There was a positive correlation between UAE rate and duration of diabetes, (type I: r=0.23, type II: r=0.27) also the level of HbAlc and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in diabetic patients with  microalbuminuria is higher than diabetic patients without microalbuminuria. (p<0.05)In addition diabetic complication such as retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy was more common in diabetics with microalbuminuria. Due to the high incidence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria it is recommended to measure urine albumin as a control method with a sensitive technique.

The ubiquitous ness of cigarette smoke in homes, work places and public areas makes exposure to environmental cigarette smoke unavoidable. Non smokers who are chronically exposed to smoke, contaminated air may develop some diseases and increase the risk for others.In this study in order to show effect of cigarette smoke on the blood levels of CO-Hb, lipids and lipoproteins in individuals exposed to it, the parameters were measured in 200 children (90 male and 110 females) aged 3-10years, exposed to cigarette smoke of their parents. The results were compared with those of obtained from sex and age matched children, whose portents were not smokers, as control.The mean levels of triglycerids, VLDL-C, Hb, Hct and CO-Hb were significantly higher than those of the control (p<0.5). The levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C were high but not marked (p>0.05). Comparing with control, decreased level of HDL-c and  HLD-C/LDL-C ratio were observed (p<0.05). A strong and direct relationship was observed between levels of CO-Hb, Triglycerides, VLDL-C and a reverse and meaningful relation between CO-Hb, HDL-C and HLD-C/LDL-C ratio.In conclusion, our findings suggest that chronic exposure to cigarette smoke causes serum lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities. Presumably by increasing CO-Hb levels in passive smokers. The children exposed to cigarette smoke may show high incidence of atherosclerosis in adult life.

The aim of this study was evaluation of effect of urea and creatinine concentrations on the results of NBT test in non - dialysed uremic, hemodialysed patients and transplarited cases. The study was performed on 155 patients suffering from renal disease including Non-dialysed uremic patients, kidney transplant recipients and hemodialysed patients in Imam Hospital and Department of Immunology. The levels of urea and creatinine in serum were measured by standard methods to evaluate phagocytic system, The spontaneous and stimulated NBT was employed. The results obtained from the patients were compared with those of age and sex matched controls.In hemodialysed patients a positive correlation between the levels of urea, spontaneous NBT and stimulated NBT was observed but no correlation between the (sp) NBT and the other groups of patients and control was noticed.It was concluded that elevation of percentage of sp (NBT) in hemodialysed patients before hemodialysis may be due to accumulation of uremic toxins, increased production of free radicals and stimulation of phagocytic system.

To estimate the prevalence or smoking among Urmia City High School male students this descriptive analytic study carried out. Total High School male students were 13486 of which 1096 selected by stratified random sampling. 371 (33.8%) of the sample had tried smoking and 133 (12.1%) of them were current smokers. Friends were the most important encourager of cigarette smoking. 67.7% of smokers were 15-18 years old and need immediate preventive measures.

The blood serum of 499 children under 12 years old from Gourth Tappeh Village of Meshkinshahr district, before and after the vaccination of dogs were studied.18(7.8%) and 16(6%) of these subjects, who showed antibody titer ≥1:3200 form serological point of view before and after vaccination (autoclaved leshmania vaccines) dogs, respectively, were considered as being positive (with clinical signs). 49(9.8%) of the total subjects, had specific antibody against leishmania in both phases (stages). In the meanwhile 274(54.9%) of the subjects were male, and 225(45.1%) were female. Also before vaccination 152 domestic dogs were tested by two methods: Elisa and I.F.A in order to search for antileishmania antibodies. 21.7 and 31 percent of dogs were serologically positive. Therefore 33 dogs were excluded from the study.5 ml blood was obtained from these selected dogs (119) a year after the second vaccination. Further studies were performed by using Elisa and I.F.A in order to determine efficacy of the vaccines. With I.F.A and in control group 42 dog (%62.7) from 67 dogs were positive but in vaccinated group with Leishmania major+ B.C.G from 23 dogs 43.5% and in vaccinated group with Leismania infantum +B.C.G 27.3% were positive and this data with Elisa were 55.2%, 30.4% and 31.8% respectively. This research showed that there was a significant difference of antibody titer between control and vaccinated dogs (p<0.5) and it further demonstrates that by using these serological tests we can evaluate and study the efficacy of the autoclaved Leishmania major and Leshmania infantum, in order to control the visceral leishmaniosis, in field.

We are conducting this study to evaluate the effective maternal factor in Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants. In this work mothers age, number of pregnancy, history of chronic diseases such as, hypertension, diabetes, or toxemia of pregnancy, drug using, mothers addiction and Cigarette smoking, education as an indication of socio -cultural and also infants sex, weight limits and gestational age that causes LBW were studied. This study is a cross -sectional type and is based on observation, questionnaire and reviewing hospitalized mothers’ files in Bou - Ali hospital for a period of one year (1996-1997).Statistically from 1700 birth during this time in Bou - Ali Hospital, 105 infant weighted 2500 grams or less, this means that 6.2% of cases were LBW, from which 57.2% were girls and the rest were boys. Most of the mothers were in the range of 20-24 years of age (34.3%) and the majority had gravidity of 2-5 (45-7%). The majority or LBW weighted 2000-2500 grams (60%) . 57.2% of LBW infants had gestational age less than 37 weeks and 48.2% were SGA and had gestational age more than 37 weeks. 55% of the LBW infants mothers had the history of diseases such as chronic hypertension (19%), toxcemia of pregnancy (16.%) and cigarette smoking (8.6%).Since the LBW is the major factor in infants mortality and morbidity, and since the majority if these factors are preventable, we are hoping with close cooperation between gynecologists and pediatricians and education of the mothers and young girls, to minimize the number of such incidences.

Fungal conidia and spores are among various organisms found in the air. They can cause different types of mycoses.In this study that was from February 1993 until August 1994, fungal spores and conidia were collected by their settlement on to petri dishes in different wards of five hospitals in Babol City.Plates of sabouraauds dextrose agar were laid 1.5 M. from the ground and then sent to Mycology Laboratory and after incubation at room temperature, the fungi detected by microscopic and gross examination.501 colonies grew on 96 plates. We isolated more fungal colonies in Babol Clinic than any other hospitals. The most prevalent fungi isolated in this study were penicillium, yeasts and paecilomyces. There were more colonies (9.9 colonies/ plates) isolated from the air of Kaboli (Fatema-toz-zahra).

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease. The infection may occur in both sexes. The female population experiences one or more urinary tract infections per life times, therefore in this study 737 patients having urinary tract infections were selected according to simple random sampling.Bacteriological tests were performed on midstream clean voided urine and the presence of ≥105 CFU/ml bacteria was recorded as UTI.Isolated Gram negative bacteria from females were E. coli (69.6%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (2.02%). Isolated bacteria from males were as follows: E. coli (45%) and coagulase negative Staphylococci (1.4%).When antibiotic sensitivity tests performed according to Bauer- Kirby method on our E. coli strains, The following sensitivity patterns were encountered: Amikacin (88.8%), nitrofurantoin (79%) Nalidixic acid (57.7%). Sensitivity of other isolated organisms are also discussed in detail.Results of our study indicated that E. coli was prevalent organisms (57.3%) causing urinary tract infection in our patients. This study aimed at understanding etiologic and treatment of them to prevent further problems.

This is a retrospective study on 40 cases of neonates affected by omphalocele treated at the Children Medical Center of Tabriz) lRAN. The percentage of death was 60%.Three cases that died with associated heart anomaly and omphalocele localized in the supra - umbilicus area of omphalocele. Four cases expired with giant omphalocele localized in the umbilicus, finally one patient affected by simple omphalocele, died with sepsis after operation.Success rate with survival was higher than that reported from other Children Medical Center, for example overall mortality rate is 35% in giant omphalocele and 17% in small omphalocele . Several factors were effective in the mortality of these cases as follows: size and diameter of the omphalocele sac, the weight of the neonate, associated anomalies, prematurity of the neonate , and the containing of omphalocele sac. In our study, the giant omphalocele was the common factor of death. In order to reduce the adverse effects of these factors, it is necessary to have an algorithmic program, such as the establishment of a diagnostic center of prenatal cases and the use of silastic material in sac reparation, attention to clinical examination of electrocardiogram, nasal gastric tube and rectal examination, etc are very important in the acceptance of these cases.

Similar to developing countries Malnutrition in Iran is one of the major cause of mortality in children under 5 years old age. Lack of knowledge of mothers concerning infant nutrition and their inappropriate practice provides a ground for malnutrition. To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of mothers referred to Tabriz Health Care centers about breastfeeding and use of Beikost, 400 mothers having at least one 12-24 months old infant were studied in year 1373.Results indicated that 24.3% of mothers had optimal knowledge, 24.7% had concerned attitude, while only 10.3% mothers had favorable manner. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between scores of knowledge and attitude (p=0.0001, r+0.32). The mean scores of knowledge and attitude compared with mother's level of literacy, family income, husband's education level and occupation implied to significant differences. Results showed there was a negative significant correlation between practice score and mother age (r=-0.13, p=0.008).Also, mother training about infant feeding correlated significantly with practice (p=0.002).It is concluded that low level of knowledge and attitude of mother's concerning breastfeeding and use of Beikost are major cause of inappropriate health status in children. In order to overcome the problem, health and nutrition educational programs should be highly recommended.

Mycobacterial infection of the parotid gland is rare even in countries where the disease is prevalent. Since patients do not have specific symptoms of tuberculosis, tuberculosis of parotid gland frequently presents as a neoplasm. Most patients are diagnosed after parotidectomy.In this report a case of a 58 year old female patient with a right parotid mass of 5 month duration was introduced. The patient underwent a surgical excision and pathologic diagnosis confirmed intraparotid lymph node involvement with tuberculosis.The patient was treated with antituberculosis drug for 6 months and response to medical therapy was satisfactory after a follow up of 2 years.