JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2021 | Volume:19 | Issue:94|Papers Count:13

Background: Previous studies have explained their growth. However, research that explains the conceptual pattern of self-growth based on Rumi's works has been neglected. Aims: The aim of this study was to explain the conceptual pattern of self-growth based on Rumi's works. Method: The present study is of qualitative type and method of interpretation theory. The works studied by Rumi in this research were the verses of Masnavi, Divan Shams and the speeches of Fih Ma Ma Fih and verses from Rumi in harmony with the title of the research. Data analysis was performed by thematic analysis. Results: All the developmental concepts presented by Rumi can be summarized in 9 main components, which are: self-discovery, deconstructionism, originality developmental worldview, growth propulsion, and facilities. Growth, social components of growth and procrastination. Conclusions: The path of "self-growth" in Rumi's view is not moving in a direction other than within the person and self-discovery. Full growth must end in self-discovery, and at the most central point in the circle of "self-growth, " it must calm down in timelessness and helplessness so that it can be called the conquest of the boom of growth. Humans are in a wide range of growth spans, and only a handful of people, such as prophets, saints, and saints, are fully developed. Of course, the path to growth is the most accessible to mankind, and there is no obstacle other than the obstacles that one creates for oneself.

Background: Numerous studies have predicted the readiness for addiction and metacognitive and emotional beliefs and five major personality factors. But research that has developed a model for predicting addiction readiness based on metacognitive and emotional beliefs: the mediating role of the five major personality factors has been overlooked. Aims: To develop a predictive model of addiction readiness based on metacognitive beliefs, excitement with the mediating role of five major personality factors. Method: The research design was descriptive correlational. The statistical population was all employees of the ninth and tenth phases of Assaluyeh Company (fifth refinery) in 2019. 250 people were selected as available samples by sampling method. The research instruments included Weed & et al addiction prone scale (1992), Wells, & Cartwright-Hatton metacognitive beliefs (2004), Zuckerman's sensation seeking (1993), and NEO's personality questionnaire (1985). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and path analysis. Results: The variables of metacognitive beliefs and sensation seeking had a significant positive relationship with addiction prone. All the Big Five of personality traits, except neuroticism, had a significant negative relationship with addiction prone. The results of the path analysis indicated that the model fits appropriately, and that sensation seeking, both directly and through neuroticism and agreement; and metacognitive beliefs, could indirectly predict addiction prone through neuroticism and agreement (p< 0/001). Conclusions: Metacognitive beliefs and sensation seeking, along with other factors, such as personality traits, play a key role in addiction prone, and the need to pay attention to these factors is essential in prevention programs.

Background: Numerous studies have examined early maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction and psychological distress. But there is research on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction and the psychological distress of infertile women. Aims: the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction and psychological distress of infertile women. Method: The method of this study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all infertile women in Tehran in 2019. A total of 260 infertile women were selected from two infertility centers in Tehran using the available sampling method. In order to collect data, the short form of Yang's initial maladaptive schema questionnaire(1998), Questionnaire 47 Enrich Marital Satisfaction Question (1989), and Kessler's psychological distress questionnaire (2002) were used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: There is a significant relationship between incompatible schemas of abandonment, defect, dependence, obedience, emotional inhibition and unrelated criteria with marital satisfaction (P< 0/05). There is also a significant relationship between maladaptive schemas of abandonment, dependence, underdeveloped self-development, emotional inhibition, unrelated criteria, insufficient self-control, and entitlement to psychological distress (P< 0/05). Conclusions: Early maladaptive schemas are among the factors that lead to a decrease in women's marital satisfaction during the infertility period and increase psychological distress.

Background: Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of Frankel's semantic therapy on frustration and suicidal thoughts. But there is a research gap in developing a model of meaning in life and comparing the effectiveness of modelbased education with Frankel's meaningful concepts of frustration and suicidal thoughts in second-year high school girls. Aims: To formulate a model of meaning in life and to compare the effectiveness of model-based education with the meaningful concepts of Frankel on frustration and suicidal thoughts of female high school students. Method: The present study was correlational and quasi-experimental. The statistical population was 356 students of the twelfth grade of the second high school for girls in Ilam in 2018. Thirty people were randomly selected as a multi-stage cluster method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 individuals). The research tools are: Questionnaires on the meaning of life of Esther, Fraser, Oishi and Kaller (2006), Sherr's general self-efficacy (1982), Brzonski's identity styles (1989), Social Value Scale (Mohaghegh Saz, 2018), Scale Beck's Suicidal Thoughts (1961), Beck's Disappointment Scale (1986) and training sessions based on the model developed and the meaningful concepts of Frankel's theory (researcher, 2018). Data analysis was performed by structural equation method and analysis of covariance and t-test. Results: Both teaching methods had a significant effect on reducing adolescent frustration and suicidal thoughts (P< 0/001). There was no significant difference between the two methods in terms of the effect of reducing frustration and suicidal thoughts. Conclusions: Students who participated in the training sessions and benefited from the integrated compilation model had a lower rate of suicidal ideation and frustration.

Background: Studies have been conducted on the acquisition of self-efficacy skills and the deaf, but research that has examined and discovered the challenges of deaf adolescents in acquiring self-efficacy skills has been neglected. Aims: The aim of the present study is to discover and examine the challenges of deaf adolescents in acquiring the skills to empower themselves. Method: This study was performed with qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The Research Society of Maternal Deaf Adolescents was born in 1398 in Tehran. 13 deaf teenage mothers in Tehran voluntarily participated in this study as an example. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. To analyze the data obtained from interviews with 13 mothers of deaf teenagers in Tehran Corbin and Strauss three-step coding (open, axial, and selective) was used. Results: Open codes around 115 concepts and core codes include nine major categories that include lack of awareness and inability of parents to deal with their children properly, abuse / harassment, self-efficacy, lack of social acceptance, inadequacy, economic, social and other limitations. Family, social inequality, problems and job constraints, problems and distortions of educational and training functions. Conclusions: According to the results, it is important to pay special attention to deaf adolescents and carefully examine the challenges ahead in order to become empowered and acquire skills, which can lead to strategies to increase social skills, life skills and their overall self-empowerment.

Background: Few studies have studied the effectiveness of the Dagas model and the effect of the variables that cause the Anxiety disorders, and most researchers have focused on the factors that maintain and sustain the Anxiety disorder. However, there is a research gap in the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on Dogas model of morbid morbidity, severity of symptoms and causative factors of diffuse anxiety disorder in patients with diffuse diffuse anxiety disorder. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on Dogas model of morbid morphology, severity of symptoms and causative factors of diffuse anxiety disorder in patients with diffuse anxiety disorder. Method: The research was semi-experimental (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) with the control group. The statistical population of the study was all people with diffuse anxiety disorder who referred to Isfahan counseling centers from May to October 2017. Thirty people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people). Research tools include the Pennsylvania State Concerns Questionnaire (Mayer et al., 1990), the Short Scale for Measuring Comprehensive Anxiety Disorder (Sprptzer et al., 2006), the Uncertainty Uncertainty Scale (Freeston et al., 1994); , 2009), Why Worrying Concerns (Hulka et al., 200), Negative Orientation Questionnaire (Gozlin et al., 2005) and twelve 90-minute cognitive therapy sessions based on the Dougas model (Dougas and Rubichaud, 2012). Data analysis was performed by covariance test and Crowit Machli test. Results: Dagas cognitive therapy on pathological anxiety, severity of GAD symptoms, and GAD etiological factors (negative orientation to the problem, intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive avoidance and positive beliefs about Concern had a significant effect (P< 0/05). Conclusions: Patients who participated in Dagas cognitive therapy sessions had a lower incidence of morbid anxiety, severity of symptoms, and GAD.

Background: Various disorders and diseases threaten children. Diagnosis and early treatment of these diseases can guarantee the health of children, family and society. The problem is which factors contribute to develope Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) as one of the most prevalent childhood disorder. Aims: The present study was a qualitative one to determine the contributing factors of ODD in children. Method: Research data was collected and analysed through qualitative approach and grounded theory. The study population included all the parents of ODD children (aging 6-12) of pre and primary schools of Isfahan in the year of 2019. In pursuit of this goal, 12 parents meeting the criteria to enter the research were chosen according to the targeted convenience sampling with two questionnaires of Child Symptom Inventory, parent-form (Gadow and Sprafkin, 1994) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972). Data analysis was conducted using Strauss & Corbin (1986). Results: The obtained findings were as follows: 157 primary codes through open coding, 13 subcategories through axial coding on the basis of subject similarity, and finally 3 categories of individual, interpersonal and external factors through selective coding. Conclusions: A set of individual, interpersonal and external factors plays a crucial role in the interpretation of the onset and persistence of ODD and in its treatment as well.

Background: Previous studies have investigated the causes of organizational happiness, but there is a research gap in the design and evaluation of organizational happiness patterns. Aims: To design and display organizational happiness model of faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch. . Method: In the qualitative part of the research, it was mixed and exploratory and in the quantitative part based on conceptual model. Statistical population included faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Tehran Branches in 1398. 26 people were selected by snowball sampling method. Research tools include semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. The data were analyzed in the qualitative part of the research by the data base strategy and in the quantitative part by the confirmatory factor analysis of Strauss Corbin's systematic design and structural equation modeling. Results: The result of open, axial and selective coding analysis was to reach the conceptual model of research with 19 categories and 116 concepts. Out of 116 concepts, three were identified as the causal factors affecting the organizational happiness of teachers in the form of “ social relationships” , “ work environment” , “ work equipment” , “ work ethic behavior” and “ incentive system” . . The causal relationships with factor loadings of 0. 66 and t-statistic 12. 072 have a direct and significant effect on the main category, the main factor with 0. 44 factor and the t-statistic of 6. 44 have a direct and significant effect on the strategies, strategies with the load Factor 577 has an impact on the outcomes, confounding conditions with a factor of 0. 438 have a direct and significant effect on the outcomes, and finally a bed condition with a factor of 0. 498 has a direct effect on the outcomes. Conclusions: Work environment, workplace equipment, social relationships, workplace ethics, and incentive systems play important roles in the organizational happiness model.

Background: Numerous studies have examined the relationship between personality traits and burnout. However, research that has provided a structural model for predicting burnout in Iranian professional football referees based on five major personality factors mediated by self-esteem has been neglected. Aims: The present study aimed to provide a structural model to predict job burnout of professional football referees in Iran based on five major personality factors mediated by self-esteem. Method: The research was descriptive and a sample of correlation schemes. The statistical population of this study included all male and female referees active in the top leagues and the first division of football and futsal in the country in 2019, including 341 people (229 male referees and 112 female referees). The sample was considered equal to the whole study population. Critical burnout questionnaires (1981), Costa and McCray's personality traits (1986), and Rosenberg's own self-esteem (1965) were used to measure research variables. Data were analyzed using structural equation method. Results: Good fitness indicators showed model fit with the data, direct trajectories of personality traits and self-esteem to job burnout were statistically significant (P< 0/01). Personality traits with job burnout through indirect mediation of self-esteem also had a significant indirect relationship (P< 0/01). Conclusion: Self-esteem plays a mediating role between personality traits and burnout. Therefore, considering Selfesteem and personality traits can play an important role in reducing judges' burnout and increasing productivity.

Background: Research shows that using a step-by-step parenting program affects parenting styles, psychological flexibility, and mothers' stress, but the problem is that determining the effectiveness of a step-by-step parenting education program affects the quality of parent-child relationships and neglected parental self-efficacy. remained. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of step-by-step parent education program on the quality of parent-child relationships, parental self-efficacy and cognitive flexibility of mothers in Isfahan. Method: The research was quasiexperimental with pre-test-post-test design and two-month follow-up with the control group. The Maternal Research Society of 12-to 18-year-old boys referred to the Yarestan Counseling Center in Isfahan in 2019. 40 mothers were randomly selected as a sample and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (20 mothers in each group). Research tools include the Pianta Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (1994), Dumka Parenting SelfEfficacy, Stringinger, Jackson, and Rosa (1996), Dennis and Vanderwal Cognitive Flexibility (2010), and 8 90-minute step-by-step training sessions with Step Drikers and Solts. (1991). Data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements. Results: Step-by-step parenting training program improved the quality of parent-child relationships and increased parenting self-efficacy and mothers' cognitive flexibility (p< 0/001). The step-by-step parenting training program was also significant in the follow-up phase (p< 0/001). Conclusions: Parents who participated in 8 parent training sessions in the step-by-step program gained more quality parent-child relationships, better parenting self-efficacy, and more cognitive flexibility.

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted on organizational change consistent with the psychological characteristics of employees. But research that has devised a new model of organizational change that is consistent with the psychological characteristics of employees has been overlooked. Aims: The design of a new organizational change model is consistent with the psychological characteristics of employees (Case study: Khorasan Razavi University of Medical Sciences). Method: This study is a correlational type and Its method is survey-exploratory. The statistical population of the study was all managers and staff (formal, contractual and contractual) of Khorasan Razavi University of Medical Sciences headquarters in year 2018. 400 people were selected as the sample through available sampling method. The research tools are: Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire and the researcher facilitated and facilitated organizational change questionnaire. The researcher designed and developed the model according to the experts. Data analysis was performed using Bartlett's Spearman correlation and correlation matrix and factor analysis. Results: There was a positive relationship between psychological empowerment and facilitating factors of organizational change and there was a significant relationship between psychological empowerment and factors affecting organizational change (P< 0/001). Conclusions: Attitude towards change, sense of ownership, organizational commitment, transformational leadership, monitoring and follow-up, policy making, organizational culture, organizational justice and organizational climate are the factors of organizational change.

Background: Girls 'distrust of the opposite sex is one of the factors that causes problems in girls' lives. The problem is, the efficacy of group re-decision therapy and time perspective on various variables has been confirmed, but the effect of these two treatments on interpersonal trust, desire to marry, fear of intimacy, and hope in distrustful girls has been neglected. Aims: To compare the efficacy of group decision-making and time perspective on interpersonal trust, desire to marry, fear of intimacy and hope in distrustful girls in Bandar Abbas city. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and posttest with control group. The statistical population included single mistrusted girls in Bandar Abbas city in 2018. 51 individuals were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly divided into three groups: re-decision experiment, time perspective test and control. Research instruments include: Relief Questionnaires in Rumble and Holmes Interpersonal Relationships (1986), Student Version of Heidari et al. Karimian et al. (2016) Re-decision Therapy and Zimbardo, Esworth & Asord (2012). Data analysis was performed using ANCOVA test. Results: Group therapy re-decision making on increasing confidence level (p<0. 01), on marital readiness (p< 0/05), on attitude to marriage (p< 0/05). P< 0/05), had a significant effect on hope (p< 0/01) and decreased level of fear of intimacy (p< 0/01). Also, group therapy of time perspective on increasing level of trust (p< 0/01), on marriage readiness (p= 0/05), on attitude to marriage (p< 0/05), on hope (p< 0/05) and The effect of fear reduction on intimacy was significant (p< 0/01). Conclusions: Students who participated in the teaching of spiritual intelligence based on Quranic teachings and the teaching of spiritual intelligence based on Bowl's view gained higher psychological well-being.

Background: Attention and distortion in emotional processing is one of the persistent factors in many mental disorders. But do emotional processing styles mediate the relationship between sleep quality, lateral superiority, and circadian rhythms with meta-memory? Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional processing styles in the relationship between sleep quality, lateral superiority and circadian rhythms with metacognition in students. Method: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population consisted of 2300 undergraduate psychology students of Islamshahr Azad University (97-98). 200 subjects were selected through stratified random sampling. Research instruments include: Nedeljkowicz and Kierius (2007), Memory Confidence and Cognition Scale (Baker et al. (2007)), Horner & Ostberg Morning-Evening Scale (1976), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale (Bovis et al., 1989). And Chapman's Evaluation of Side Advantage Checklist (1987). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. Results: Circadian rhythms, lateral superiority, and sleep quality with a coefficient of 0. 53 had a significant effect on memory in the presence of mediating factor of emotional processing styles (P< 0/05). Conclusions: Emotional processing styles play a mediating role in the relationship between sleep quality, lateral superiority, and circadian rhythms with memory.