URBAN MANAGEMENT STUDIES
Year:2021 | Volume:13 | Issue:46|Papers Count:6

Introduction & Objective: Housing, as one of the basic needs of every human being, has always been one of the most important priorities of governments. In Iran, in recent years, in order to provide housing for the low-income groups, the government has adopted a policy of Mehrhousing and a national housing action plan. Regarding its geographical and geological condition, Iran is highly vulnerable to natural disasters among which earthquakes happen more frequently and are of more significance. On the other hand the rapid growth of urbanization along with other factors has sounded the alarm of an earthquake crisis. Studies have illustrated that crisis management planning is mostly performed during and after the crisis and less attention is paid to the pre-crisis conditions. Therefor it is necessary to study pre-crisis resilience in social housing. In this descriptive-analytical study, with the aim of evaluating the neighborhoods consisting of Mehrhousing in terms of physical resilience against earthquakes, all indicators have been identified and studied with the help of content analysis not only to identify their strengths and weaknesses, but also to provide a guidance for national housing action plans. Method: in order to reach this study's goals information needed has been collected through documentary and field methods. The extracted criteria and indicators were prioritized and weighted by non-structural fuzzy decision support system and finally superimposed with the help of weighted criteria maps GIS to obtain a physical resilience map. Findings: The results show that neighborhoods consisting of Mehrsocialhousing have low physical resilience due to their physical components weakness; hence despite being new and pre-planned, they are more vulnerable. Conclusion: The results show that neighborhoods consisting of Mehrsocialhousing have low physical resilience due to weaknesses in their physical components and despite being new and planned, they are more vulnerable.

Introduction & Objective: Recognition of climatic variables affecting the thermal comfort and morphology created in the open spaces of residential complexes made it possible to provide appropriate solutions to increase the quality of open environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the formal geometry and shape structure of residential complexes on the thermal comfort of open spaces to increase the quality of the ambient and the use of users. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose, and the method is quantitative. Four forms of common types of urban residential complexes in Shiraz have been selected with a linear pattern, regular and irregular complexes, central (environmental) and combined (mixed) and have been studied and analyzed in three short cases of 3-storey, medium-height 6-storey and high-rise 12 floors. Methods: To analyze the data, the simulation has been performed by considering the form and orientations in four different patterns in the current situation and by analyzing the results of the simulation with different geometric forms. And their measurement is done using ENVI-met software. Then, using climatic data in Rayman software, the physiologically equivalent temperature is obtained. Findings and Discussion: The results showed that the form of composite and complex blocks in the short case has a better performance in terms of thermal comfort due to more shading. In the mid-height mode, due to the higher wind speed and shading, and the linear form due to the higher wind speed, they have more favorable conditions in terms of thermal comfort and the least critical hours. In the form of composite and complex blocks in the mid-height state, increasing the height reduces the wind movement in other places and the efficiency of these two forms decreases. In the high-height mode, the peripheral and linear blocks have higher wind speeds and more favorable conditions in thermal comfort due to the elongation of the form. Finally, considering the differences in the morphology of residential complexes, it will affect the amount of thermal comfort and utilization of the environment.

Introduction& Objective: Nowadays Urban governance has been proposed as the most effective method of urban management. Considering the importance of Urban Management as a basic precondition for good performance of cities and also the participation of people in the city as one of the most constructive features of urban governance to solve the problems of the city. This Article study this subject and focuses on the indicators of urban governance model, measuring the level of participation in urban management in District 5 of Tehran Municipality. Research Method: The research method is descriptive-inferential, Data were collected through field studies with observation and interview techniques have been used. According to the statistical population, 384 people were randomly selected to complete the questionnaire. T-test and ANOVA test were used to analyze the research hypotheses. Findings: Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between citizen participation and the pattern of urban governance. this means that if urban managers act according to the model of urban governance, it will provide the necessary grounds for citizen participation and as a result, public welfare will increase. Conclusion: The results shows that the citizens in District 5 of Tehran Municipality are willing to participate in urban management, but there are no suitable conditions for participation.

Introduction & Objective: Urban space production is a complex concept that has been studied by different thinkers from different angles. Power is one of the main factors influencing the production of urban spaces. This research seeks to determine the criteria and indicators and provide a method for measuring the power of actors in the production of urban spaces. Research Method: The present study is fundamental according to the purpose of the research and descriptive-exploratory according to the research question. Documentary and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Sampling was performed using snowball method to reach the subject experts. Analytic Network Process (ANP) and SuperDecision software were used to analyze the data. Statistical population: In this research, a community of urban planning experts and officials and executive experts in the public, semi-public and private sectors (including 30 people) has been conducted. Findings: Criteria and indicators for measuring the power of urban space production actors have been identified and by analyzing the network, the weight of each has been obtained and a method for measuring the power of actors in the form of a scoring table has been developed. Conclusion: This study was conducted in order to develop the methodology of power relations analysis of urban space production actors. According to the obtained results, the criterion of “ access to power resources” , has the highest weight among the criteria of power of actors, and the criteria of “ influence in space” and the “ degree of participation and presence in space” are in the next category of importance.

Introduction & Objective: A resilient city is a network of sustainable social, economic, cultural, political, psychological, and physical systems. The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the resilience of the physical spatial structure of the Minodar neighborhood against earthquake, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Research method: To measure the vulnerability of the Minodar neighborhood in terms of physical-spatial structure, the distribution of 15 questionnaires among urban and earthquake experts and the creation of information layers in GIS software have been used. To measure the resilience of the physical-spatial structure of Minodar neighborhood to reduce vulnerability to earthquakes, in addition to obtaining expert opinions, 320 questionnaires completed by residents have been cited. A regression test was used to analyze the research questions. Findings: The results of this analysis indicate that in terms of form criteria, 23% of neighborhoods have a high vulnerability, 59% moderate vulnerability, and 18% of neighborhoods have a low vulnerability to earthquakes. In addition, in terms of activity benchmarks, 6% of the neighborhood area is highly vulnerable, 11% is moderately vulnerable and 83% of the neighborhood is slightly vulnerable to earthquakes. To measure the resilience of the physical-spatial structure of Minodar neighborhood to reduce vulnerability to earthquakes, in addition to obtaining expert opinions, 320 questionnaires completed by residents have been cited. A regression test was used to analyze the research questions. The findings of this study show that there is an indirect relationship between the components of resilience and vulnerability to earthquakes. Conclusion: The results of this study show that there is an indirect relationship between the components of resilience and vulnerability. This relationship can be analyzed in such a way that in places where communication, reproducibility, flexibility, diversity, strength, and modulation are more in the physical-spatial structure of Minodar neighborhood, earthquake vulnerability decreases. Also, the variables "relevance", "reproducibility" and "flexibility" have a greater share in predicting the earthquake vulnerability variable.

Introduction and purpose of the research: Location identity affects the quality of human-location relationship and individual identity. One of the plausible reasons for the failure of the new cities is their lack of identity. The crisis of identity will have unpleasant consequences. The purpose of this investigation is recognition of a desirable spatial identification pattern in the newly established city of Parand research method: For the purpose, the qualitative method has been basically employed and the quantitative method (using numbers and figures as descriptive to complete the qualitative information) has been also used. Studying the three components of spatial identification Research findings: Research has found that Parand enjoys an appropriate status in terms of the natural identity components however the city suffers from an incompatibility and heterogeneity in terms of the artificial and social identity makers and this has contributed to absence of common culture and the lack of communication with the urban environment and finally crisis of identity. Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested to adopt a participatory and bottom-up approach and appropriate social and cultural management for expanding the social and cultural capital indicators that create common culture and communication with the urban environment