JOURNAL OF BORDER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2019 | Volume:8 | Issue:2 (29)|Papers Count:7

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and prioritize sport tourism competitiveness indices in Golestan border province. This study was conducted using a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the study consisted of academic professors of sport management and tourism, tourism managers and travel agencies. Ninety individuals were identified as the participants using a purposive sampling method. The research data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire in attractions section and a standard questionnaire in the competitiveness indices section the validity of which was confirmed by the experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0. 86). SPSS 18 was employed for data analysis. The results show that Golestan province enjoys a good sport coastal attraction and each of the five indicators of Crouch and Ritchie model have high importance in competitive advantage of sport tourism intentions of Golestan province (although the set of intention management indicators and planning factors for tourism intention development, respectively, have become more and more recognized), but the status of sport tourism development is not at all acceptable given the factors affecting competitive advantage, and given the location of Golestan province in the north of the country and despite desirable natural sports resources and attractions. The lacks of integrated strategic plans, weak infrastructure, hotels, advertising and marketing have hampered tourism growth and prosperity in the region.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational culture on job performance of I. R. I. Border Guard Command staff (considering the mediating role of organizational innovation). The statistical population of this study includes all middle and senior managers of the Border Guard Command (n=320). Cochran sampling method was used to determine the sample size at 5% as 174 employees in this section. This study is of an applied research type and in terms of method it is a survey (quantitative) study. Data were collected using Cameron & Quinn Organizational Culture Questionnaires; Organizational Innovation Questionnaire (Jimens-Jimens et al., 2008) and Job Performance Questionnaire (Paterson 1963). Cronbach's alpha was obtained as 0. 90, 0. 87 and 0. 87, respectively. The results show that the direct effect of organizational culture on performance is negligible and not significant, but its indirect effect through innovation mediator variable is significant. Organizational innovation in the I. R. I. Border Guard Command is appropriate and acceptable. Regarding the dimensions of organizational innovation in the I. R. I. Border Guard Command, it can be said that all three dimensions of innovation, including administrative, process and service innovation in the I. R. I. Border Guard Command are appropriate and there is no difference between job performance with innovation and organizational culture.

Awareness and understanding of landforms and geomorphological effects of border regions is one of the most important initial measures for defense planning and defense use that neglecting these natural geostrategic phenomena can cause irreparable damage to defense control and management. The border region of the north-east of the country has long been under attack by Uzbek and Turkmen tribes, and due to its geographical nature, Iran has always been regarded as a rich and important region. On the other hand, given the strategic position of Iran in West Asia, environmental recognition and assessment of border areas is of great importance. In this study, by using topographic maps, aerial photos, satellite images and digital elevation model (DEM) geomorphological systems and landforms were identified in the area and they were classified and analyzed in Arc Map software database, then by SWOT method of each unit the geomorphologic landforms, including mountains, hills, mounds, gulls and straits were evaluated for passive defense and defense and security considerations. According to previous studies, the border between Iran and Turkmenistan is in the ridge of Hezar Masjid Mountains and Kopet Dagh, and it is also in the Ghulaman area on the banks of the Sumbar River. Therefore, the Sarani Strait and Bajgiran are of high strategic importance in terms of passive defense and security and defense arrangements. Along with the protection of the water resources to provide sustainable water security for the border guards of the country, the construction of water storage facilities on the Summar and Chandir rivers, which are flowing out of the country is highly important and by implementing the principle of passive defense it is possible to prevent from the conflict and challenge over the headwaters in the border areas in the future.

Development is a multidimensional process that requires changes in social, cultural, economic structures and the elimination of economic and social inequalities. Evaluating levels of development using quantitative methods leads to an understanding of the inequality between regions on one hand, and is an attempt to reduce and eliminate existing inequalities on the other. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution and development status of the border towns of West Azerbaijan province and to determine the extent of development differences between them and to draw the authorities' attention to the underprivileged and underdeveloped cities. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the type of research is applied. The research data consisted of 32 variables in the form of 4 educational, economic, social and physical indicators from the last census (2016). In this research, using cluster analysis model and Vikor, each border city is classified into three levels of developed (privileged), developing (semi-privileged) and underdeveloped (unprivileged). The results show that the cities of Orumiyeh and Ashnavieh are in the developed (privileged), Khoy, Piranshahr, Salmas, Sardasht in the developing (semi-privileged) and the cities of Siah Cheshmeh and Maku are underdeveloped (unprivileged). The findings show that the overall deprivation is at the city level due to the indicators under study and the distribution of existing services is not sufficiently tailored to the demographic needs of the cities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of I. R. I. Police media programs on the security of the citizens of the western border regions of the country with the focus of Urmia city as the center of West Azerbaijan province. Therefore, given that in the recent years I. R. I. Police has been making public awareness of security breaches and security issues by producing police film and serials, the following question arises: to what extent these programs have a qualitative, quantitative and cognitive impact on the security of Urmia citizens? In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as a descriptive-survey study. The statistical population of the study included the experts and staff members in two parts of police and media in West Azerbaijan province (340 people consisting of 85 police individuals and 255 media individuals). Based on Morgan table, 181 individuals were selected as sample size using stratified random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Its validity was confirmed using content validity and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the use of I. R. I. Police media programs and the security of the citizens of Urmia. The relationships are positive between I. R. I. Police media programs and citizen security (0. 749), I. R. I. Police media quality indicators and citizens 'security (0. 676), I. R. I. Police media programs and citizens' security (0. 685) and the epistemological indicators of I. R. I. Police media programs and citizen security (0. 748). Overall, based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that watching police programs as well as paying attention to I. R. I. Police security news broadcast on television are one of the factors affecting audience security.

Borders, while separating the two political units, have historically played the role of peace and war in the historical transition between the two nations. Iran, having suffered damaging treaties and border treaties in its contemporary history with regard to boundary disputes and treaties, has been a threatening factor from its neighbors. The present study aims to fully understand and better perception of the effective indicators of Iran's border disputes with its western neighbor, Iraq, with the aim of explaining the processes and contexts of contracts signed between the two countries over the past hundred years. Iran-Iraq Border Conflicts are a legacy of Iran-Ottoman border disputes and conflicts at various stages of war and peace by concluding border treaties and conventions in line with the role of the colonists of the East and the West, relying on the same border disputes with religious beliefs and disputes. Iran and the Ottomans played the role of mediators in determining the border and boundaries and due to the role and mediation of foreigners, these treaties could never have ended the conflict of supporters of the two nations. With the emergence of Iraq following the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire in the wake of World War I, tensions and border disputes with Iran did not end only with the religious and ethnic (Arab and Persian) disputes raised by the Iraqi Ba'athist government. It led to an eight-year war between the two countries. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data gathering is done through documentary method and political documents and border protocols of the two countries through the method of library studies and archive of document centers. This study seeks to answer the question of which boundary point in the Iran-Iraq conflict has had the greatest impact on the strain of military relations and clashes. What effects did the role of the border treaties, and especially the most prominent of the Algerian 1975 treaties, have on the peace and war era between Iran and Iraq? The findings also show how the East and West superpowers imposed an eight-year war on the Iranian government and nation with the provocation of the Iraqi Ba'athist government on the pretext of border disputes with their eastern neighbor.

The necessity of education has become a natural matter. The development of organizations and institutions is also aimed at improving the level of knowledge, skills, behaviors and insights of human resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the realization of educational goals of Border Graduates from the perspective of graduates of this category. This applied research is aimed at explaining and describing the effectiveness of longitudinal programs at Amin Police University. The data is quantitative; and in terms of the nature and type this study is of a cross-sectional survey. The study population consisted of all the graduates of Amin Police University (Border Police) from 2011-2016. Based on simple random sampling method and sample size, the present study consists of 110 individuals. Data gathering tool is a 21-item researcher-made questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software. The graduates' viewpoints do not conform to general and core courses, but the core courses and specialized courses correspond to the tasks assigned to the I. R. I. Police.