JOURNAL OF BORDER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2019 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 (30)|Papers Count:7

Given the influential role played by foreign media in public opinion, especially in border populations, their propaganda can help violators and lawmakers to understand the perceptions of crimes, especially terrorist crimes. To this end, in this study, by emphasizing on the factors such as "highlighting terrorist offenses", "magnifying terrorist offenses", "disseminating content of terrorist offenses in the media in different styles" and "inserting terrorist offenses in magazines and newspapers" we have made an attempt to respond the following question: to what extent can foreign media propaganda influence the incidence of terrorist crimes in the province of Kurdistan? In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of nature and method it is considered as analytical-survey research. The statistical population consists of two groups: 1) managers and experts in the field of terrorist crimes in Kurdistan province; 2) frontiersmen residing in the region who were selected using multi-step cluster sampling method (n=304). Data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose indices were analyzed by SPSS software. Research findings show that foreign media propaganda has a direct impact on the incidence of terrorist crimes in Kurdistan province. As a result, the more widespread foreign media propaganda is among the area's inhabitants, the more harmful its effects will be, especially in the area of terrorist acts.

Iran's eastern border regions, having long borders with Afghanistan and Pakistan, and because it is the shortest, most economical and most important international transit route from East to West, are one of the most vulnerable areas in the fight against drug trafficking. Geomorphological factors such as connecting eastern provinces with Lout Plain, poor economic conditions of border areas such as high unemployment rate and extreme poverty and deprivation, the extent and variety of eastern border geographical environment, lack of border control equipment, and overcoming security approach to border management have provided the most important ground of drug trafficking into Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges and capacities of the border regions of the country in the fight against drug abuse through a semi-structured interview. Seventy people were interviewed in the three groups of frontiersmen, traffickers, border officers and experts. The findings show that the challenge of the borders and eastern regions of the country in relation to drug trafficking is primarily economic and widespread poverty and unemployment and secondarily political, social and natural factors. Also the economic capacities of the eastern borders of the border markets, foreign trade, tourism, agriculture and mines are important. Therefore, instead of ruling out the security and law enforcement approach, it is suggested to replace the development-oriented approach in the eastern part of the country to reduce the growth rate of trafficking while activating the economic potential of the region.

Security and a sense of security is one of the most basic human needs in any space, because prosperity, employment, freedom and participation can be realized in the shadow of it and the lack of security will make a happy life difficult. Maintaining security in border areas, and especially in villages, in countries that share borders with their neighbors, is important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting security in border areas. In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is considered as a descriptive-analytical that is dominated by the quantitative approach. The statistical population of the study is 10 border villages of Baneh city in Kurdistan province with 3, 755 households. The sample size was estimated to be 299 based on Cochran's formula. The sample distribution in the villages was proportional to the number of households available and the sampling was conducted using systematic random sampling method in each village. In order to study the topic and adjust the questionnaire, a framework of six security indices was selected based on 23 items based on previous studies. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0. 84 based on Cronbach's alpha. One-sample t-test, Shannon entropy and Vikor's technique were used to analyze the subject. Analysis of the results based on one-sample t-test showed that the security indices had close mean values to each other and religious security had the highest mean score with 3. 85. Also, the results of the Vikor technique showed that of the ten villages studied, six were in average security level and four were poor.

Border markets at every point thrive and grow that area in many ways. The Chilat border could also improve the region because of its low distance from Iraqi cities and its high security. In addition to the abundant oil resources, Dehloran has many non-oil resources, including agricultural products, summer fruits, cement and gypsum factories, which is an advantage not only for the city but also for the country in terms of trade. Because of its proximity to the country of Iraq, it is one of the most appropriate borders for people to travel to the holy places on pilgrimage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Chilat Border Market on economic, socio-cultural and political improvement of Dehloran region. In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of data collection method it is considered as an analytical-survey study. The population consisted of 65, 630 residents of Dehloran city. Based on Cochran formula, the sample size was 382. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with reliability coefficient of 0. 896 based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, exploratory factor analysis) through SPSS24 software were used for data analysis. The results showed that Chilat Border Market has an impact on improving economic status with a mean score of 4. 03, socio-cultural status with a mean score of 3. 80 and political situation with a mean score of 4. 09. The results showed that Chilat Border Market in Dehloran region improves economic, socio-cultural and political situation. Therefore, expanding the market and accelerating the re-opening of the market could improve the situation in Dehloran.

Due to the high volume of Iraqi Kurdistan tourists entering the country for treatment and spending their leisure time, the development of health tourism in Kurdistan province can act as an efficient driver in the economic and social development of the province with regard to its therapeutic and tourism potentials and advantages. In the current situation, the province of Kurdistan, mostly, serves as a transit point, and Iraqi Kurdistan's health tourists are leaving the province and attracting other destinations in the country. In this regard, the present study, with a comprehensive and systematic view, examines the status quo of health tourism management and development in Kurdistan province in order to identify the obstacles and problems in the advancement of health tourism development in the province by attracting health tourists of Iraqi Kurdistan. The present mixed-method study is a descriptive-analytical one that uses survey data (interview, observation and questionnaire) from target groups, namely, provincial tourism, health and development managers and officials, local informants, academic specialists and Iraqi Kurdistan regional health tourists. Qualitative data analysis by fundamental theory technique and then factor analysis test showed that 63 barriers and challenges were identified as four factors in the weakness in status of services and facilities and attractions of provinces in terms of health tourism development; managerial failures; weaknesses in planning and performance of the institutions related to health tourism development; weaknesses in marketing, education and publicity and post-demand insufficiencies; and economic and social supply-side insufficiencies affect the development of Kurdistan's health tourism through attracting health tourists from Iraqi Kurdistan.

The power of the media in organizing and controlling the world's public opinion and influencing the politics, culture and thoughts of nations is so important that it is said that at present no power in today's world is greater than the power of the media that shapes public opinion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of virtual media in the development of border markets in West Azerbaijan province. In terms of its objectives this study is of applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as a descriptive-survey study. The data were collected via field study and questionnaire. The statistical population of this study was all experts in Cyber Police, Border Police, Customs and Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of West Azerbaijan province with 94 individuals, 75 of the experts in the field were selected using stratified random sampling method. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and one-sample t-test. The findings show that all four components of the research are 1-awareness via virtual media, 2-tourism boom in border areas through virtual media, 3-social participation through virtual media, and 4-making trust through virtual media are involved in the development of border markets in West Azerbaijan province with 99% confidence. The results show that awareness through virtual media has the highest and making trust through virtual media has the lowest role in developing and promoting border markets.

Border science is one of the disciplines that has been introduced into the scientific literature of geographical studies since the beginning of the 2010s in line with the development and specialization of other academic disciplines at Amin Police University to educate cross-border students with a wide range of these sciences by specialist professors. The scientific background of border studies in Iran goes back to the beginning of the 1940s and has grown significantly in academic-scientific circles over the past few years. This study aims to understand the nature of the process of scientific development and to understand the procedures governing the journal by documentary method. In particular, it analyzes the history of border studies in the field of border science and technology. The findings of this study indicate that 193 articles have been published in the journal up to the spring of 2019 and most of the research has been done in the border provinces of West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan and Sistan and Baluchistan, respectively. A series of studies leading the field of geography in the form of political and urban geography as well as a twelve-axis management discipline: types of trafficking and offenses in border areas, security in border areas, performance of free zones and border markets, geopolitical analysis of border areas, the role of border checkpoints and turrets on security development, historical border developments, functions of villages in border areas, application of technology in border development units, security challenges and threats at international borders, sustainable development in border areas, territorial planning of border areas and diplomacy and conflict resolution. The findings of the study indicate three main approaches to border studies. 31. 6% of the total number of studies have quantitative methodology, 45. 5% qualitative methodology and 22. 8% have mixed methodology. The results also show that out of the total number of border studies in the journal, 10. 4% retrospective, 2. 6% prospective and 87% have taken the current situation into account.