SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION IN ISLAM
Year:2021 | Volume:2 | Issue:7|Papers Count:7

Abolghasem Sahab Tafreshi was one of the intellectuals of the late Qajar period and the first Pahlavi era. Sahab's scientific and literary record includes a wide variety of works, such as the first examples is of new Iranian writings on the life history of Shiite Imams, the biography of famous Islamic historians in Persian inspired by classical biographies, the first example Is a pioneer in understanding the contemporary situation of Islamic countries. Among these various works, works with a more historical approach or nature can be seen. Abolghasem Sahab is fascinated by Iranian Islamic culture and civilization in his works. The period was popular and supported by the government, but Sahab has a different approach from other writers of his time. Despite having deep Islamic beliefs and paying attention to Islamic-Iranian culture and civilization, such as the history books of the Imams and the relevant translation of the history of Islam and Iran, which is obvious, he pays much attention to Iranian Islamic culture and civilization. Relying on library documents and sources, while examining the historical works of Abolghasem Sahab and the first category of related works, intends to study and analyze the reasons and examples of attention to his Islamic-Iranian culture and civilization.

The general purpose of the research is to analyze the content of search results about books on the subject of "Islamic civilization" on the official website of the House of Book. Islamic civilization has an undeniable presence in today's world. Its obvious sign is the growing population of Muslims, having important natural and human resources, the existence of valuable intellectual resources, and scientific heritage in this foreground. Therefore, the general question was created for the researcher that what is the status of the books available in Persian and indexed in the book house database as one of the types of scientific heritage of Islamic civilization? The present research method is descriptive in terms of strategy, content analysis in terms of implementation path, and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population included 400 volumes of books related to the field of Islamic civilization available on the website of the Book House until August 22, 2021, which were reviewed in full. Data collection tools included coding sheet and related instructions, which were used after confirmation of formal and content validity by 5 experts and confirmation of reliability by calculating the coefficient of agreement between the two coders and calculating the Holst test (0. 89). The results showed that in terms of thematic diversity in this field, 22. 25% of the books with the main themes were "civilization", 17% "history" and 13. 25% "Islam". In terms of the year of publication, 47% of the books were published in the years 2021-2017, which shows the increasing attention to the authorship and translation of books in this area. Among the authors of this field, Yousef Beyk Babapour has written the highest number of books in this field with 8 titles, therefore, he is one of the authors who has written many books in this field, and among the publishers who have published books in this field, "Ma’ aref Publishing Office" published the most books in this field, which can represent the most active publications in the field of Islamic civilization. Among the books that have been reprinted in this field, the book "Islamic Culture and Civilization" written by "Ali Akbar Velayati" from "Ma’ aref Publishing Office " has been published 87 times, so this is one of the best-selling books in this field, which has been very popular.

One of the new emerging theological issues that has been raised about the relationship between science and religion is the issue of religious science. The nature and nature of religious science is of particular importance; because it affects the fate of other topics related to religious science. Ayatollah Javadi Aamoli is one of the great experts in this field. He believes that all sciences are religious and we do not have non-religious science. In support of this claim, he argues that science at all levels, from sense and experience to intuition, is the product of human reason, and that reason is one of the original epistemological sources of religion. Another premise in the argument of religious science is that everything in the world is either the word of God or the action of God and the discoverer of knowledge is the word or intellect of God. Therefore, what the intellect acquires is religious. Ayatollah Javadi Aamoli considers the reason for the illusion of the conflict between science and religion to be that they took the intellect out of the geometry of religious knowledge and put it in front of religion. By discovering the limits of reason and placing it within the framework of religion, he also considers science, which is the product of reason, to be within the realm of religion, and that way is under the control of divine revelation. Dr. Golshani also agrees with him in the principle of theory, orientation, method and method of implementation, and his difference with Ayatollah Javadi Aamoli is only in the method of expression and some content issues such as the principle of matching science and definitions of science and religion.

The Jovini family is one of the Iranian families that played an effective role in the development and prosperity of Islamic civilization in the sixth and seventh centuries AH. During the patriarchal era, this family adopted a series of measures and measures and these are in the field of culture, science and religion. Relying on historical sources and descriptive-analytical method, this research seeks to answer the question of what role the Jovini family has played in the re-creation of Islamic civilization in the fields of culture, knowledge and religion. What is more, despite the tragic consequences of the Mongol invasion of Islamic lands and the destruction of many cultural and civilizational heritages, the Jovini family seems to support scientists and the writing of scientific heritage, as well as the revival of Islamic and Iranian culture and the teachings of identity. In addition to mitigating the damage of this serious challenge, the Islamic instrument should seize opportunities in the field of re-creation of culture and civilization and cause fundamental changes.

Arabic and Persian are the two main languages of Islamic culture and civilization, and cultural exchanges have been established between the two languages for centuries before the rise of Islam. From the introduction of Persian words into Arabic to the reflection of Iranian mirrors and traditions in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry, it is an example of the interaction of Arabic and Persian languages; However, the peak of the presence of Iranian culture and civilization in Arabic poetry dates back to the Abbasid period, so that the literary, cultural, and civilizational interactions of Iran and the Arab world flourished more than before, and a rich Islamic culture and civilization was formed from the fusion of Iranian and Arab cultures. The present article seeks to review the literary and linguistic relations between Arabs and Iranians, to examine examples of the influence of Iranian culture and civilization on Arab poets; On the other hand, it tries to find the root causes of the weakness in the literary relations between the two languages in the current period. One of the important results of the present article is that Iranian civilization is considered as an important part of Islamic history, culture and civilization, and the enemies of these two cultures and civilizations are seeking division under false pretenses, so it can be translated., Holding joint conferences, reciprocal dispatch of students and professors can be used to introduce Iranian culture to the Arab world.

The present article entitled "the role of Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi in the development of mathematics and astronomy in the Islamic world" aimed to investigate Khajeh Nasir al-Din's influences on mathematics and astronomy. Maragheh observatory was once considered the most advanced scientific institution in the Eurasian world. His book al-Shakl al-qattā brought about a dramatic change in the field of mathematical sciences, especially geometry. By transforming three-dimensional into two-dimensional geometry, he was able to take fundamental steps in the field of mathematics. According to the findings, it can be said that the most important developments in astronomy before Copernicus was made by Khajeh Nasir. This study hypothesizes that Khajeh's serious criticisms of Greek mathematical and astronomical theories and therefore the emergence of new theories, became the basis for scientific developments in Europe.