Journal of Research on Religion and Health
Year:2021 | Volume:6 | Issue:4|Papers Count:12

The corona virus has different types. Particularly Covid-19 virus, the virus with RNA, has a quadruple protein structure, uses angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 as receptor, infects the cells with this receptor and, besides causing cell dysfunction, provides the ground for further spread of the virus and its escape from the immune system. In addition, it causes disorder in presentation of antigen by the immune system cells. People’ s body reaction, after the virus enters the body, is different and related to demographic conditions in a way that the highest mortality rate is closely correlated with an increase in age, gender and history of underlying diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and cancer or history of surgery though we should not forget that the youth and healthy individuals can also be inflected and inflicted by this virus (1, 2). One of the important points related to this virus is its speed of spreading and pathogenicity, which can be related to the changes made in the genome of this virus during the spread of the disease. Furthermore, the genome structure of the virus is subjected to mutation and recombination (3), which causes increased infection at frequent intervals via direct contact, respiratory droplets or probably fecal-oral transmission (1, 2). The basic symptoms of infliction by the virus include temperature, cough, and shortness of breath, but other symptoms such as diarrhea, eye injury, and muscle bruising and pain have been also reported. Considering the fact that no effective vaccines have been successfully produced in the world, the important point in fighting this disease is the consensual emphasis of the experts in the field of health on observing the health protocols to prevent the transmission and spread of the disease (2)....

Background and Objective: The issue of religious and national identity of young people is doubly important given the fact that they constitute a high percentage of the population and considering their constructive role in the future destiny of the country. Schools play an important role in shaping identity due to students' role models. National and religious identity in students can play an important role in their performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of national identity and religious identity with depression and quality of life in first-grade high school students in public schools of Boukan, Iran. Methods: This study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all male students in the first-grade secondary schools in Boukan, Iran, out of whom 525 students were selected using available sampling method. Data were collected by national identity and religious identity questionnaires of Ahadi, quality of life questionnaire and scale for children and adolescents' depression (CADS). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. In this study, all ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: The results showed that the national identity was positively correlated with the total score of quality of life and mental health, physical health, quality living environment, and was negatively correlated with depression. Religious identity was also found to have a significant negative correlation with depression and was positively correlated with the total score of quality of life, and mental health, physical health, and social relationships but not with quality of living environment. The results of regression analysis also showed that national identity and religious identity were valid predictors of quality of life and depression in school students. Conclusion: National and religious identity are important variables for mental health and enhance quality of life. Therefore it is necessary that education officers consider them in curricula and educational planning.

Background and Objective: Occupation and its consequences is a phenomenon that has attracted the attention of health professionals in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and religious coping skills, spiritual experiences and mental well-being among Payme-Noor University staff. Methods: This study is cross-sectional descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all the employees working in Kermanshah Payame Noor University centers in the second half of 2018, out of whom 150 were selected by simple random sampling. Data collection tools consisted of religious coping, spiritual experience, mental well-being and job satisfaction questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression and path analysis. In this study, all ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between religious coping skills and spiritual experiences and job satisfaction. In particular, it is possible to predict the job satisfaction among the employees of Payame Noor University through these two variables. The results of analysis showed that religious coping skills and spiritual experiences, as mediated by mental well-being, have an indirect effect on academic employees’ satisfaction, but mental well-being has a direct effect on job satisfaction. Conclusion: Considering the importance of the position of education and professional education, academic staff should be evaluated periodically in terms of job satisfaction and counseling centers need to focus on the role of mental well-being, coping skills, and spiritual experiences.

Background and Objective: When people find out they have diabetes, they can face a spiritual crisis and feeling of loneliness; these factors can actually exacerbate the disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness training with Islamic approach on spiritual well-being and loneliness in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The present study was conducted using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. In this study, the statistical population included all women with type 2 diabetes who were members of the Diabetic Patient Support Association of Yazd province in 2019. Thirty women were selected using purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The members of experimental group received eight sessions of mindfulness training with Islamic approach; the control group was on the waiting list. Spiritual Well-being Questionnaire (SWB) (Dehshiri et al. ) and Loneliness Scale (Di Tommaso et al. ) were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. In this study, all ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: According to the results, by controlling the pre-test effect, a significant difference was observed between the mean scores in the components of spiritual well-being (including: communication with God, self-communication, communication with nature, and communication with others) and loneliness (including: romantic loneliness, family loneliness, and social loneliness) between the two experimental and control groups on the post-test (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Mindfulness training with Islamic approach has a significant effect on promoting spiritual well-being and reducing the feeling of loneliness in women with type 2 diabetes.

Background and Objective: Resilience is one of the objectives of educational systems and Islamic life Characteristics training is known as an important factor in mental health and compatibility of individuals in confrontation with problems in educational life. Accordingly, the present study investigates the effect of training Islamic life characteristics on resilience of students. Methods: This was an experimental investigation includng pre-test, posttest, and control groups. Sample size included 60 participants from students of university of Sahand in 2018, who they were assigned into experimental (30) and control (30) groups using accidental clustering method. The training of life characteristics continued for 10 sessions in the experimental group but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data was analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance. In this study, all ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that the variable of resilience (P<0. 001), and its components were significantly different in the experimental and control groups and teaching the characteristics of Islamic life had a statistically significant effect on improving resilience. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that resilience is a personal trait that can be modified by applying Islamic life characteristics. Therefore, Islamic life skills training can be beneficial and effective in educational settings for students.

Background and Objective: Mental health and promoting it at the community level are the most important responsibilities the World Health Organization has assigned to all governments. Also, religious orientation (internal and external) is one of the factors influencing behavior and cognition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of mental health and religious orientation with emotional cognitive strategies among medical trainees of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study included all students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, who were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. In this way, out of the 12 hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, five were randomly selected and among all the training classes of the hospital, two classes are randomly selected in each class, two thirds of the students were randomly selected. Questionnaires were distributed among 200 students and 150 questionnaires, which had been filled in appropriately, were received. The tools used in the study included: Quickly measure first-level symptoms of DSM-5, Religious orientation questionnaire and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. In the present study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between mental health and emotional cognitive regulation. There was also a significant relationship between religious orientation and cognitive emotional regulation. A significant relationship was found between mental health and religious orientation. Mental health and internal religious orientation were also significantly correlated, but there was no significant relationship between mental health and external religious orientation. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that mental health and religious orientation are important factors in using cognitive emotional strategies.

Background and Objective: Realization of justice is one of the main pillars of the formation of the Islamic movement, the people uprising, and the victory of the Islamic Revolution over the imperial system. The Islamic Revolution of Iran, the revolution of the oppressed, seeks authorities that take responsibility due to their concern for serving the people (and not their desire to gain power). However, the tendency of the authorities to aristocracy is a fatal phenomenon that will have many negative consequences in the society. Therefore, due to the importance of the issue, the present study attempted to evaluate the tendency of authorities towards aristocracy and its role in the perception of social justice and the religion avoidance of students of medical sciences through a field study. Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlational. For this purpose, using questionnaires, a survey was conducted on 400 graduate students in three provinces, including Mazandaran, Tehran and Qom, who were selected by available sampling in second half of 2018; the collected data was analyzed by mean tests and structural equation modeling. In this study, all ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: The results show that the statistical population of the study confirmed the tendency of the authorities towards aristocracy (Χ =4. 34 out of 5). Furthermore, the tendency of the authorities to aristocracy had a significant relationship with the decrease in social justice perception (P=-2. 87 & T=-0. 47) and a significant relationship with the religion avoidance (P=3. 17 & T=0. 63. However, no significant relationship was found between perceptions of social justice and religious avoidance (P=-0. 71 & T=-0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the results, the need for fundamental reforms in the administrative and management structures is felt in a society where the topics of resistance economics are raised but whose managers have adopted an aristocratic life. The aristocracy of the authorities in the Islamic society will cause the decline of values among the citizens, especially the youth. Therefore, special attention should be paid to it.

Background and Objective: Ignoring the social aspects of health in the elderly in the age of communications and globalization causes their increased vulnerability in the physical, mental, and suicidal dimensions and increased tendency to smoke and social harms. The main purpose of this study was to predict psychological well-being in the elderly in Ahvaz city based on the components of religious attitude and self-esteem. Methods: This was a correlational study. The statistical population included the Iranian elderly in Ahvaz. Out of whom, 80 were selected by random sampling method and based on Morgan’ s table. For collecting data, religious beliefs questionnaire, self-esteem scale, and psychological well-being inventory were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency analysis, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistical tests such as correlation and multiple regression. In this study, all ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: The results appointed to the positive and significant relationship of religious attitude and its subscales with psychological well-being. There was also a positive and significant relationship between self-esteem and its subscales and psychological well-being. Conclusion: It can be concluded that religion plays a role in prevention and is an important source of prevention of diseases. Religious and ethnic values have a positive correlation with mental health because they encourage favorable social behaviors in culture. Many forms of religion are consistent with individual growth including advancement, sustainability and stability, avoiding a harmful lifestyle, sustainable family coherence, and self-development.

Background and Objective: In recent years, spirituality has been highlighted in organizations, and management and organization experts have joined the group of spirituality enthusiasts. Many claims have been made about the positive benefits of spirituality in the workplace, which has encouraged interested people to look for ways to introduce spirituality into organizational environments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spirituality on the quality of work life and entrepreneurship as mediated by professional ethics. Methods: This is descriptive correlational study and the method used was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included 340 employees of Lorestan University, out of whom 181 were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Krejcy and Morgan tables were used to determine the sample size. Data were collected using standard questionnaires of spirituality (Milliam et al. ), quality of work life of Walton, Entrepreneurship of Hill; and Professional Ethics of Cadozier. Data analysis was performed using descriptive indexes and structural equation modeling method. In the present study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors declared no conflict of interest. Results: The results showed that spirituality has a significant impact on the quality of work life and entrepreneurship (r=0. 45, r=0. 31, P<0. 05), but no meaningful relationship was found between professional ethics and the quality of work life. In addition, spirituality as mediated by professional ethics, influenced the quality of work life and entrepreneurship among employees (β =0. 05, β =0. 17, P<0. 01) and increases the quality of work life and entrepreneurship both directly and indirectly. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that any increase in spirituality in the organization is accompanied by an increase in the quality of work life, entrepreneurship and professional ethics by the employees.

Background and Objective: There is a need for developing theories for professional nursing based on non-Western philosophies and worldviews. For this purpose, the four nursing main concepts of human, environment, health and nursing need to be defined and conceptualized in such a worldview. This study was an attempt to do a concept synthesis of human (person) based on Iranian mysticism and wisdom. Methods: This study is library-based and was carried out using Ryan-Wenger’ s method of concept synthesis. Inductively the anatomy of the concept of Walker and Avant were selected as the pre-determined categories; then, deductively the contents were attributed to the categories after studying one third of the items. A critical review was conducted using a targeted search in scientific Persian databases such as Noor, Yasin, Parsi Doc and HodaBlog; and English databases such as Google Scholar and EBSCO as well as the libraries of the faculties of philosophy and religion of the two universities of Shahid Beheshti and Allameh Tabatabayi, using keywords of perfect human, antropology, the knowledge of ego, the faculties of human ego, temperaments of human and other related terms. Finally, out of 508 sources found, 51 were chosen to be included in this study, which were mostly about to explain the science of self from the perspective of Avicenna, Mulla Sadra, Rumi and Attar. In this study all the ethical considerations were observed and the author did not report any conflict of interests. Results: The attributes of the concept of human include bi-dimensional self, graded soul, tempered body, and the audience of directed order, while the supreme manifestation and graded entity were antecedents and balance/ imbalance and harmony/ disharmony were the outcomes. Conclusion: The concept synthesis of human in Iranian mysticism and wisdom goes beyond the individualism and subjectivism dominant in Western nursing theories and gives human a profound responsibility for the perfection of self, others and the whole universe.

Background and Objective: Since the Holy Qur’ an is a book of life, it introduces a model of life called "Hayā t al-Tayyebah" (good life) to the human society in which the moral health and survival of human society are guaranteed. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the Qur’ anic life model and explain its foundations from the perspective of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. Methods: This is library-based descriptive-analytical study. The required data were collected by searching the words life, tayyebah, hierarchy of life, spiritual health, Ayatollah Javadi Amoli in the Qur’ an and religious texts. The authors reported no conflict of interests. Results: The results showed that Ayatollah Javadi Amoli as a prominent interpreter of the Holy Qur’ an, according to the Qur’ anic findings, has classified life into three types of tangible natural (animal), rational and real (good life). He does not consider animal life as a part of human life and introduces rational life as the first level of real human life and the good life mentioned in the Qur’ an as the higher level of life. He proposes three approaches to achieving and realizing this model of life including ‘ purification of wisdom’ , purification of the "soul", and purification of self based on the Holy Qur’ an and Islamic texts or narrations. Conclusion: According to Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, people who want to achieve peace and mental and even physical health, and are eager to live a balanced and transcendent life and seek to avoid mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, etc., should move in the direction of a good Qur’ anic life. This Qur’ anic life, in all its aspects, while having a preventive aspect against mental and psychological harms, also has a therapeutic and healing effect. The main feature of this life is the purity of the soul and the return to its true inner-nature (i. e., Fitrat).

Background and Objective: Developing a system using the knowledge of Fiqh and giving identity to the methods of discovering systems in the Fiqh thinking are to have been pursued by some religious thinkers such as Ayatollah Seyyed Muhammad Baqir in government and social macrotopics such as economy. The methods and patterns of processing it can be extended to other related systems with individual and social dimensions such as the health system. In other words, the most complete methods of dealing with health from the perspective of Islam, is the systematic understanding of the propositions mentioned in the religious sources. The present study was an attempt to examine the methods of inferencing in the Fiqh related to health based on the system discovery theory presented by Ayatollah Seyyed Muhammad Baqir Sadr. Methods: In this article, considering the combination of inferential and real perceptions in the Fiqh related to health, the method of discovering the Fiqh of theories and meeting the proof condition in the Fiqh related to systems, the theoretical dimensions governing the health system were investigated from the perspective of Islamic Fiqh using a descriptive analytical approach and library studies. The authors reported no conflict of interests. Results: Based on the findings, it is impossible to use the Hadiths related to medicine for treatment purposes unless in the cases related to the benefits of natural products or what has been confirmed as beneficial by empirical findings. Conclusion: The doubtful sources related to health have an inferential nature and are different from the legitimate inferences related to other Haddith Ahad. On this basis, they should be used in an implicational system inferred from Sharia and valid religious sources by technical and interpretational validation for non-prescriptive purposes.