Journal of Mashhad Dental School
Year:2021 | Volume:44 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Introduction: One of the important parameters for implant placement is the presence of sufficient bone in terms of height and transverse thickness. Dental surgeons using the lateralization technique for inferior alveolar nerve transposition face challenges due to the neurological disorders caused by this technique. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of neurological disorders associated with nerve transposition following implant placement. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 26 patients over 18 years of age were selected. These subjects were toothless in the posterior mandibular region for a long time. Moreover, in these patients, the distance between the posterior ridges to the roof of the inferior alveolar canal was less than 10 mm. The prevalence of neural complications were assessed after 1 week 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following nerve transposition by using a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 19) using the Chi-square test to measure mean and standard deviation through and a significance level of 0. 5. Results: The study sample (n=26) consisted of 16 (61. 5%) males and 10 (38. 5%) females with the mean age of 56 6. 7 years. The most common complication related to the inferior alveolar nerve was experiencing anesthesia which was reported to be 96. 2%, 96. 2%, 96. 2%, 57. 7%, and 19% during the 1 st week, 1 st month, 3 rd month, 6 th month, and 12 th month post-surgery, respectively. Furthermore, it was reported that the tingling sensation decreased from 30. 8% in 1 week to 11. 5% in 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the surgery. Conclusions: Considering the results, all patients reported experiencing neurological disorders the day after the surgery; however, they recovered to normal state after a few weeks.

Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a painful and common oral ulcer with an incidence rate of 25%. The treatment is non-specific and is mainly based on corticosteroids. Given the systemic side effects of the corticosteroids, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of phenytoin with triamcinolone acetonide on minor aphthous ulcers. It is hoped to take a step to prescribe medications with fewer side effects in this regard. Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted randomly on 60 patients referred to the Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Yazd, Iran, with minor aphthous ulcers. The patients were divided into two groups of triamcinolone acetonide (n=30) and phenytoin (n=30). The pain severity and burning sensation experienced by the patients were measured by visual analogue scale, and the size of the lesion was estimated by transparent calibration grid before treatment and on days 3, 5, and 7 after treatment. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22). Results: According to the results, both groups showed a reduction in the mean of the largest recurrent aphthous stomatitis diameter before treatment and 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment; however, the difference was not significant between the groups in this regard (P=0. 59). Furthermore, both groups reported a decrease in the pain severity and burning sensation (P<0. 0001); nevertheless, the difference was not significant between the groups in this regard (P=0. 23). Conclusion: Triamcinolone acetonide and phenytoin are effective in decreasing the recurrent aphthous stomatitis diameter, pain severity, and burning sensation. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in this regard.

Introduction: GOSLON-Yardstick index (GYI) is a standard classification system that is used to assess the outcomes of treatment in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the prognosis and occlusion characteristics of CLP patients in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, from 2009 to 2020 using the GYI. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 104 gypsum casts of the CLP patients referred to the CLP clinic. Patients were divided into the unilateral CLP (UCLP, n=72) and bilateral CLP (BCLP, n=32). Subsequently, the occlusal characteristics of the patients were classified into five groups using the GYI. The data were analyzed through the MannWhitney U test. Results: The number of patients with a higher GYI index score was more in both UCLP and BCLP groups. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the cleft type and GYI classification (P=0. 002). Conclusion: Higher levels of GYI (No. 4 and No. 5) were more frequent in both BCLP and UCLP patients indicating poor occlusal characteristics and prognosis of the treatment.

Introduction: One of the most important challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of patients in dental offices, is the management of the patients, who refer with various complaints with mental origins, without any convincing clinical findings. In such cases, incorrect diagnosis and treatment could cause some complications in the physical and psychological conditions of the patients. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the frequency of chief complaints and psychiatric disorders among patients, who have complaints with mental origins. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 132 patients, who had complaints with mental origins (case group) and 132 patients with complaints with organic origins (control group). For the purposes of the study, the type of mental complaints was recorded and the severity of mental complaints was evaluated by visual analogue scale. The required data were collected using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) for the identification of the psychiatric disorders, which was filled by participants in both groups. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the t-test, Chi-square, and Pearson tests. Results: Based on the findings, the most prevalent complaints with mental origins in the case group were pain without dental origin (33. 3%), burning (16. 7%), and atypical odontalgia (13. 6%). Moreover, the severity of the complaints of the majority of patients was moderate and the most prevalent clinical diagnosis was atypical facial pain. In the case group, 31. 1% and 53. 8% of the subjects had psychiatric disorders and were predisposed to psychiatric disorders, respectively. Furthermore, in the control group, 2. 3% and 28. 0% of the participants had psychiatric disorders and were predisposed to psychiatric disorders, respectively. Conclusion: The most common complaints with mental origins were pain (except odontalgia) and burning, which can be misdiagnosed with dental pain and treated with the incorrect treatment if their psychiatric causes are neglected. The majority of patients, who had complaints with mental origins, suffered from some psychiatric disorders. Therefore, proper diagnosis of such complaints could be beneficial in the diagnosis of psychiatric problems and the administration of suitable treatments.

Introduction: Tongue lesions are categorized into congenital and acquired classes. Accordingly, macroglossia, lingual thyroid, microglossia, and lingual tonsil are considered congenital lesions, and geographic tongue, fissured tongue, currugated tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, hairy tongue, benign and malignant tumors, ulcers, and white and red lesions are regsraded as acquired lesions. The identification of these cases and determination of their prevalence can be used to treat and relieve anxiety. Therefore, due to the high diversity of geographical distribution of tongue lesions, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of tongue lesions among students in Sari, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 540 high school students of Sari in 2019. The tongue surfaces were thoroughly examined by an oral medicine specialist. The tongue lesions, such as macroglossia, lingual thyroid, microglossia, lingual tonsil, geographic tongue, fissured tongue, corrugated tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, hairy tongue, and white and red lesions, were recorded in this study. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16). Results: The obtained findings of the present study indicated that a total of 540 high school students (i. e., 270 females and 270 males) participated in this study. A coated tongue was observed in 33. 3% of the study subjects. Moreover, the lesions, such as microglossia, exophytic lesions, and median rhomboid glossitis, were present in 0. 2% of the patients. No ulcer was observed in any of the studied subjects. There was a significant relationship only between a hairy tongue (P=0. 004) and gender. The frequencies of other lesions were not significant between the two genders (P<0. 05). Conclusion: A coated tongue was reported with the highest frequency. In addition, the lesions, such as microglossia, exophytic lesions, and median rhomboid glossitis, were observed with the lowest frequencies. The frequencies of most lesions were not significant between the two genders. A coated tongue, fissured tongue, hairy tongue, and pigmentation lesions were significantly observed in male participants.

Introduction: Oral hygiene education based on bad breath (i. e., halitosis) can be more effective than other educational methods because bad breath is considered a motivational tool for the improvement of oral health-associated behaviors. The purpose of this study was to compare hygiene education to different educational topics and effectiveness of these methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 136 school children within the age range of 9-10 years in Yazd, Iran, were randomly divided into three groups, namely 1) education based on bad breath, 2) traditional education based on caries and gum disease, and 3) control group receiving only oral and dental hygiene education. The plaque index, modified gingival index, and bad breath were measured before giving hygiene instruction and 1 and 6 months later. Paired and independent t-tests, McNemar’ s test, and Wilcoxon test were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings of the present study showed that there was no significant improvement in the plaque index in the control groups of both genders in both follow-ups. In the 1-month follow-up, the modified gingiva index in group 1 was significantly less than those reported for the other two groups (P=0. 029). There was a significant decrease in the prevalence and severity of bad breath in group 1, compared to those reported at the initiation of the study (female participants: P=0. 003; male participants: P=0. 000). Conclusion: Oral hygiene education based on bad breath was more effective, long-lasting, and faster than the other two educational methods.

Introduction: Dental caries is a prevalent infectious disease, and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the most common bacteria associated with dental cavities. To control oral bacterial infections, especially S. mutans, different antimicrobial compounds and solutions have been used. Given the increasing side effects of these compounds, assiduous attention has also been devoted to the use of medicinal plants as an alternative. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential effect of a mixture of the aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria L., Punica granatum, and Rosa × damascena on S. mutans. Materials and Methods: This experimental study assessed the effect of the mixture of the aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria L., Punica granatum, and Rosa × damascena on S. mutans. Eight different concentrations of Rhus coriaria L., Punica granatum, and Rosa × damascena extracts (0. 078, 0. 156, 0. 312, 0. 625, 1. 25, 2. 5, 5, and 10 mg/mL) were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Moreover, %10 solutions of these extracts were used to determine the inhibition zone diameter using the cup-plate method. Chlorhexidine solution 2% was used as a positive control in both methods. Results: MIC and MBC values of Rhus coriaria L., Punica granatum, and Rosa × damascena extracts against S. mutans were reported as 2. 5 and 5 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, a mean inhibition zone diameter of 21± 2. 2 mm in the cup-plate method demonstrated that a 10% concentration of the extracts had an antimicrobial effect on S. mutans. Furthermore, the mean inhibition zone diameter of chlorhexidine solution 2% was obtained at 18± 1. 8 mm. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the mixture of the aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria L., Punica granatum, and Rosa × damascena had an antibacterial activity on S. mutans. In addition, the formulation of the studied extracts was more effective than 2% chlorhexidine against S. mutans.

Introduction: Radiography is considered a valuable tool in endodontic procedures, and radiopacity is an essential priority in every filling material. Proper radiopacity is essential for the differentiation of filled canal from anatomic structures and surrounding tissues. Moreover, proper radiopacity should be independent from characteristics, such as material thickness and its solubility in variable fluids (e. g., saliva). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM), three types of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), gutta-percha, and dentin using digital radiography. Materials and Methods: Five disc-shaped specimens (with a diameter and thickness of 10 and 1 mm, respectively) were fabricated from each material, including Angelus MTA, MTA+, Root MTA, CEM, dentin, and gutta-percha. After setting the materials, digital radiographs were taken using graduated aluminum step wedge. The radiopacity was assessed using the software ImageJ (version     ). For statistical analysis, analysis of variance and Tukey’ s test were used at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: Root MTA and gutta-percha presented the highest radiopacity equal to approximately 4 mm of aluminum; however, dentin showed the lowest MAT reported as 0. 7 mm of aluminum. Three types of MTA did not demonstrate a significant difference in radiopacity with each other and gutta-percha. The mean of CEM radiopacity was significantly lower than those reported for MTA types and gutta-percha. Conclusion: Angelus MTA, MTA+, and Root MTA show the optimum radiopacity according to international standards; nevertheless, the radiopacity of CEM is lower than the optimum standard of 3 mm of aluminum.

Introduction: Increasing adhesion of restorative glass ionomer cement to the tooth surface leads to reduction of recurrent caries and improvement of restoration durability. In present study, effect of Chitosan and nanoparticles of Titanium dioxide on glass ionomer cement adhesion to the tooth surface was investigated. Materials and Methods: On dentinal surface of 56 buccal and lingual surfaces of 28 extracted human third molar, four different kind of glass ionomer cement were bonded: 1. Non-modified galss ionomer cement 2. Chitosan 10%v/v modified glass ionomer cement 3. NanoTiO2 3%w/w modified glass ionomer cement 4. Dual modified (Chitosan 10%v/v and Nano TiO2 3%w/w) glass inomer cement. samples were kept in humidity of 100% and temperature of 37° C for 24 hours. Shear bond strength of the glass ionomer cements of four groups were measured by Universal Testing Machine and the results were analyzed using Tukey test and ANOVA. FTIR and XRD tests were conducted to evaluate the chemical structure of the glass ionomer cement of each group. Results: Only shear bond strength results of the group which was simultaneously modified with Chitosan 10%v/v and nanoparticles of Titanium dioxide 3%w/w had shown significant different with the control group (P=0. 016). XRD and FTIR tests showed no changes in the chemical structure of the glass ionomer of any modified group in comparision to the control group. Conclusion: Modification of the restorative glass ionomer cement by Chitosan 10%v/v and nanoparticles of Titanium dioxide 3%w/w simultaneously, leads to improvement of the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement to the tooth structure.

Introduction: Dental agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies in humans and is characterized by congenital lack of one or more teeth, on one or both dentitions. It has been clinically classified into three categories, namely hypodontia, oligodontia, and anodontia. Case Repot: This study presented the clinical case of a nine-year-old female with 12 missing permanent teeth with idiopathic etiology. Chief complaint of the patient was the lack of eruption of the permanent teeth, difficulty in chewing, and maxillary retrusion. According to her parents, she had lost confidence due to the appearance of her teeth and refused to laugh and talk at school. The physical examination revealed no abnormality in her hair or nails. Moreover, her perspiration was normal and there were no congenital clefts of lip or palate; hence, this case was diagnosed with nonsyndromic oligodontia which is a rare disorder. Conclusion: Diagnosis and management of oligodontia should be performed as early as possible to prevent interference with the craniofacial development and improve the quality of the life of the child. In this case, the patient was first treated with a face mask to cure the growth defect of the maxilla. Afterward, oral reconstruction was performed with a removable plate in two jaws which resulted in the significant improvement of her ability to chew and speak as well as her beauty.