JOURNAL OF THE MARCO AND STRATEGIC POLICIES
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:2 (30)|Papers Count:8

One of the main concerns of governments today, in terms of governance and policy making, is putting goals in practice, achieving them, and combating against corruptions such as squander. Thus, governments try to employ approaches, methods, and novel means to reach their goals practically and with the lowest cost possible. One of the most modern approaches and means that governments use for their better functioning is transparency. Accordingly, this study, using content and document analyses, aims to investigate the theoretical principles, research studies, and the implemented plans in other countries, so far as transparency is concerned, to figure out its advantages and outcomes. Analyzing research studies and world experiences related to transparency and its practical outcomes in areas such as contracts, council meetings, and employee evaluation shows that transparency is a practical means to combat against corruption and to control, supervise, and strengthen the related policies. The findings suggest that the novel approach of transparency is the most certain and successful, simplest, and cheapest means to improve the government’ s function, fit government’ s size, encourage nation-state interaction and public participation, and combat against corruption.

Improvement and development of different areas of a country is one of the main regional economic theories. It is important to analyze and investigate the process of production and structure in each area through identifying talents, balancing potentials, and combining components in each area so that authorities can have a basic plan for each region of the country. To this aim, employing the method of transfer, the contribution of advantageous sections from 2000 to 2013 was investigated. The findings show that most of the provinces had a positive regional and structural contribution in terms of agriculture, fishing, industry, building, hotel and restaurant, water, electricity, natural gas, wholesale, retailing, vehicle fixing, goods, transportation, storage, communication, health care, real state renting, and services. This reveals the comparative advantage of the regions in these areas. In the area of industry, there was a positive structural and competitive impact in provinces such as Isfahan, Ilam, Boushehr, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Khouzestan, Semnan, Sistan and Balouchestan, Fars, Qom, Kermanshah, Golestan, Mazandaran, Hormozgan, and Yazd, which show the comparative industrial advantages of these regions. There was a decrease in comparative advantage so far as education is concerned in provinces such as eastern Azarbaijan, Isfahan, Ilam, Tehran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Semnan, Golestan, Koygeloye and Boyerahmad, Gilan, and Markazi, and in public services in provinces such as western Azarbaijan, Ilam, Tehran, and Semnan. However, as their economic contribution is significant, serious measures should be taken to deal with their malfunctioning.

Privatization is one of the ways to improve the quality of the domestic products and their competitive rate with foreign products. In order to align our policy of privatization with that of the world countries, the executive law of macro-policy principle No. 44 was enacted. This was a step toward economic change in Iran; however, it suffers from certain pitfalls. One of them is the legal transfer to public non-governmental organizations, which is the focus of the current study. As these organizations are financially and managerially dependent on the government, the true idea of privatization, i. e. the transfer of ownership or management from a governmental to a private sector does not happen. Therefore, one cannot expect to achieve the aims of privatization and improvement of domestic products. This study borrows a descriptive-analytic method and the data collection was library-based.

From the perspective of national and regional economic development, free zones increase trade exchange and attract some of the required technical and capital expertise, and economic dynamics. On the other hand, the resistance economy, which is the basis for the resilience of economy against domestic and foreign shocks, and also aims to increase the export rate based on paragraphs 10 and 12 of the country’ s policies of resistance economy, is closely linked to the free and interregional zones. Accordingly, this study seeks to relate these two categories. Based on the resilience indices of Jack Borman et al., the free zones of Kish, Qeshm, Chabahar, Anzali, Arvand, and Aras were compared considering the space camera model from 2011-2011. The results showed that the effect of export share surplus and employment had a negative and significant effect on the resilience index. The negative and significant effect of the spatial autoregressive coefficient indicates that part of the decreasing changes in the resilience index of the free trade zones was due to the distance or proximity effect.

As there are increasing challenges for the world economy, the idea of resistance economy has attracted much attention. the Supreme leader of Iran raised the idea of resistance economy after a series of sanctions by the western countries, particularly the sanction of the central bank, were issued. Despite the executive organization’ s attempts in Qom, the Qom province was not much successful to implement the resistance economy programs based on the reports of the national institute of resistance economy. Accordingly, the pathology of the resistance economy programs in Qom province was conducted based on a three-dimensional method. Employing the DEMATEL technique, the causal relationship among the effective factors of implementing the resistance economy programs in Qom was analyzed. The COPRAS technique was used to find the hierarchy of marginal criteria for the three structural, behavioral, and environmental factors. based on the DEMATEL’ s analysis, the findings suggest that the low average of facilities to resources in the commercial banks was the most effective structural factor; lack of common understanding of the resistance economy principles was the most effective behavioral factor; and the weakness in financial management resources and lack of an organized financial system in the country were the most effective environmental factors. The findings of COPRAS technique indicate that the lack of cooperation among the units and sectors of the organizations in terms of structural factors, the lack of understanding about resistance economy among people in terms of behavioral factors, and the weakness in financial management of resources and the lack of a organized financial system in the country in terms of environmental factors are the main reasons for such a situation.

The national identity and its symbols such as the flag and the national anthem are inseparable parts of each country’ s identity. Also, cohesion and national coalition of ethnic groups and religious sects are some of general issues of any country. This study aims to have a comparative investigation of the criminal law execution of values and national symbols of identity. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Besides analyzing in detail the offenses against the flag and the national symbols of different countries in terms of criminal acts against the flag and the national symbols, some criminological issues regarding the offensive behaviors against national identity and cohesion are investigated as well. Since there has been a long history of debates and conflicts among groups and sects in each country, and as the flag and symbols of each country show their identity and beliefs, the offensive actions against the flag and national symbols, such as the national anthem, could be suggested as a within group and an international phenomenon. This type of behavior can be shown by the domestic citizens and foreigners of other countries, each of which requires a detail analysis. However, it should be mentioned that the 2025 prospective document and the macro-policies of the government encourage cohesion and national coalition of identity on the one hand, and one needs to keep in mind that there is a minuscule difference between offense and criticism on the other; thus, offensive behaviors against the flag and the national anthem could encourage national partition, weaken national identity and self-esteem, increase radicalism, and establish hatred and aggression. in addition, such behaviors actually mean offense to national identity and people of that country which could result in more criminal and aggressive reactions, encourage separatism, and damage national cohesion and coalition. At the end of the study, some criminological suggestions regarding the offense to the flag and the national anthem, considering reform programs, are provided.

Development programs are fundamental in the economic development of each country which can happen through governmental and private investment. Many of the national resources are allocated to the execution of these projects annually. As executing such projects is important for the development of the country on the one hand, and they require huge budget on the other, they have to be practical and functional as a result. But studies indicate that the productivity of these development programs are not much satisfying since most of them are facing increasing time, cost, and unachieved primary objectives. Accordingly, it is imperative to identify the factors influencing the low productivity of the engineering and executive systems. The main problems of engineering and extra-individual executive systems are structural and institutional. Therefore, this study, borrowing an institutional approach, aims to figure out the factors contributing to the low productivity of the engineering and executive systems of Iran. Data collection was done through interview. The findings show that factors such as weakness in the governmental structure of development programs, inefficiency of law-making and lawenforcing institutions, lack of rule of law, lack of commitment to the planning process in the country, and political and party forces of the parliamentary representatives, among others, affect on the engineering and executive systems.

The development of sustainable economy and its relation to social security is emphasized in clause 2-1 of the macro-economic policies. To this end, the evaluation of the corporate governance should be based on the standard criteria of corporate social responsibility considering sustainable development. This study aims to provide a model of corporate governance within the social responsibility framework to evaluate the conditions of the corporates from the governmental perspective through transparent performance criteria. Moreover, some practical resolutions are suggested. In this study, 15 factors for evaluating corporate governance in Tehran’ s electricity distribution are investigated. Employing a causal analysis of the suggested model, the reliability and priority of 9 factors were analyzed. After that, to investigate the situation in detail, 61 key functioning criteria were content-analyzed. Employing a field study, challenges and gaps as well as the situation of the company were investigated considering each criterion. To improve the situation, some practice resolutions were suggested through a comparative study in order to improve the performance of the corporate in line with the corporate governance aims within 14 projects, 13 practices, and 4 structural reforms.