Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2020 | Volume:19 | Issue:5|Papers Count:9

Background and Objective: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic disease with profound effects on the quality of life of couples infected with the virus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying factors that create romantic attachment in HIV-infected couples. Subjects and Methods: This qualitative study was carried out using the method of contractual content analysis with inductive method. Participants included 14 HIV-positive couples who were included in the study by purposive sampling method and were subjected to face-to-face and semi-structured interviews. After data collection, all data were reviewed and classes were extracted. First, the semantic similarities were reviewed and the subclasses were identified, and then in the review, the related subcategories were placed in the same category. Results: In general, the main category in this study is the underlying factors of romantic attachment and subclasses included "love and like", "emotional security", "sacrifice", "social support", "reassurance and encouragement", "maintaining a positive relationship" "caring for the spouse" and "appreciating the spouse". Conclusion: The existence of romantic attachment in HIVinfected couples paved the way for romantic, supportive and caring behaviors and a safe and fruitful relationship. The quality of life in HIV-infected couples has improved by these factors, which in turn help to improve their physical and mental wellbeing.

Background and Objective: The attitude and knowledge of medical personnel and patients’ companions are effective in using electroconvulsive therapy to treatment patients with severe depression and it can have positive or negative effects on the treatment process of these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the knowledge and attitude of medical personnel and patients’ companions on the use of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of patients with major depression in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Subjects and Methods: The present study was carried out on 187 patients’ companions referring to Ibn Sina Center in Bandar Abbas in 2016 and 56 people from medical personnel who were selected as available samples, The subjects completed a standard questionnaire with high reliability in relation to attitude and knowledge in the field. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and correlation of Chi-square test. Results: The level of knowledge of the companions and medical personnel was not significantly different from each other, and more than half of the companions and more than 60% of the personnel were moderately aware of electroshock therapy. More than 70 % of companions and more than 95 % of personnel had a positive attitude towards electroconvulsive therapy and the attitude of the personnel was significantly better than that of patients’ companions. Conclusion: Because of the importance of knowledge and attitude of medical personnel and patients’ companions in improving the process of electroconvulsive therapy treatment. Continuous education and notification are essential to raising peoples’ knowledge and attitude.

Background and Objective: Colon cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among different societies around the world for which some diagnostic modalities have been developed. With CT colonography there is the possibility of observing extracolonic findings which might have significant clinical importance. Here we evaluated the frequencies of extracolonic findings. Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed from 2016 to 2019 in Isfahan on 402 patients with colon problems who had CT colonography imaging. Data regarding on extracolonic findings with moderate to significant importance were collected by questionnaire from patients ct reports and analyzed. Results: There were significant relationships between total extracolonic findings and findings with moderate importance like: (Abdominal aortic aneurysm below5, Ovarian lesion possibly just a cyst, Lung nodule. Hydronephrosis likely chronic puj, Mesenteric penniculitis, Pancreas cysts, Psoas asymmetry Small pericardial effusion, Small kidney possible renal artery stenosis, Mild porcelain gallbladder) as well as with age These findings were more frequent at older ages (P <0. 001). Discussion: Generally, these results indicated that CT colonography in patients with colon problems especially patients at older ages might lead to find extracolonic findings with high importance like: ( Possible malignancy e, g lung or solid organ mass lymphadenopathy, Abdominal aortic aneurysm more than 5, Bone fracture, Adrenal hemmorhage, Pneumonia, Considerable hydronephrosis, Bone lesion Appendix mucinous tumour, Diverticulitis with abcess or perfusion, Severe porcelain gall bladder).

Background and Objective: Early diagnosis of internal root resorption is a challenge in endodontics. Image-processing filters are applied to facilitate image interpretation for diagnostic or treatment purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of contrast alterations in detecting internal root resorption in CBCT images. Materials and Methods: Fifty single root teeth with were splited mesiodistally in this in vitro case-control study. Artificial internal resorption lesions were created in cervical, middle or apical areas. CBCT images were taken before and after cavity preparation. CBCT images was evaluated by two radiologists in low, intermediate and high contrasts. The data were analyzed using Kappa and MacNemar tests on SPSS software. Overall accuracy was evaluated with sub curve analysis of ROC. Results: Low contrast images had the highest sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy (all 100% for first observer and 92, 100, 96% for second observer, respectively). In apical area in low, intermediate and high contrasts, sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy were 100%. There was a significant difference with reality in high contrast-cervical resorption group (P=0. 016). Conclusion: The low contrast may be an acceptable processing filter in detection of internal root resorption.

Background and Objective: Exercise programs of cardiac rehabilitation(CR) increase physiological function. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of high intensity interval training(HIIT) to moderate intensity continuous training(MICT) on VO2peak and LVEF of heart patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery(CABG). Subjects and Methods: Twenty-four CABG patients(15men and 9women) with an average age of 60. 75± 3. 16 years and average body mass index(BMI) of 28. 40± 1. 09 kg/m2 were randomly divided into three groups, HIIT, MICT and control group(CG). The training groups, Exercised for 8weeks, 3sessions per week and 45min per session. The research variables(VO2peak and LVEF) were measured and compared in two stages before and after 8weeks of CR program, using cardiopulmonary exercise test(CPET) and echocardiography. Results: Both HIIT and MICT groups showed significant improvement in VO2peak after eight weeks of CR program (P<0. 05), and improvement in VO2peak in the HIIT group was significantly greater than the improvement in the MICT group (P=0. 011). Patients' LVEF were not significantly different between the gtoups (P=1). In addition, LVEF did not significant change after eight weeks of CR program in neither of the groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, HIIT exercise program is more effective than MICT for improving VO2peak in CABG patients, and despite the high intensity of HIIT, its use in the CR programs of these patients is safe. These results can help sports medicine professionals choose the optimal style and intensity of CR exercises and thus improve the exercise capacity and quality of life of heart patients.

Background and Objective: Research has shown that serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate are associated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of yoga training with DASH diet on serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate and insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Subjects and Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 36 women with GDM were randomly selected and divided into three groups of 12 patients each: yoga training, DASH diet and a combination (yoga training and DASH diet). The research intervention included eight weeks of yoga training, three sessions per week and each training session for 50-60 minutes. The DASH diet was also monitored by a nutritionist. Fasting blood sampling was performed 24 h before and 48 h after the intervention. Results: After eight weeks, a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar levels was observed in the combination group compared to the DASH diet group (P=0. 045). In addition, in the combination group, vitamin B12 reduction was significantly higher than the DASH diet group (P=0. 047). In contrast, no significant difference was observed between changes in insulin resistance, homocysteine, and folate between all groups. Conclusion: Although both practice yoga and DASH diet to lower blood glucose however, they do not have a significant effect on insulin resistance, homocytin and folate levels, and cannot prevent vitamin B12 depletion in gestational diabetes.

Background and Objective: Dermoscopy is an important in vivo, non-invasive diagnostic technique that allows inspection of morphological features that are not visible with bare eyes. It has an important role in enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of skin lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of dermoscopy in diagnose of malignant skin lesions and premalignant skin lesions. Subjects and Methods: This prospective observational study conducted on 240 patients with clinical diagnosis of malignant or pre-malignant skin lesions. All the patients were evaluated with dermoscopy and histopathology. Dermoscopic results were compared with histopathologic findings as the gold standard for diagnosis of skin lesions. Results: Of the 240 skin lesions, 69 (28. 8%) were benign, 75 (31. 3%) were pre-malignant and 96 (40. 0%) were malignant. The correlation between dermoscopic results and histopathological findings was 75. 4%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values and accuracy of dermoscopy in diagnosis of malignant lesions were 85. 42, 70. 59, 79. 27, 80. 40, 77. 42 and 79. 27% respectively, P<0. 0001. These items for pre-malignant lesions were 66. 67, 70. 59, 71. 43, 65. 75 and 68. 54% respectively. Discussion: The sensitivity and specificity of dermoscopy in diagnosis of skin lesions were high, therefore this real-time noninvasive technique can be introduced as a routine diagnostic tool in dermatological examination and can minimize unnecessary invasive biopsy.

Background and Objective: Migraine is a recurring headache that its severity varies from moderate to high. Preventive treatments are recommended to treat migraine headaches. Among drugs used for prevention include sodium valproate and magnesium sulfate. Subjects and Methods: In this study, 65 patients aged 18 to 50 years with a history of acute migraine migraine attacks were enrolled and divided into two groups. Prescribing and administering medicine was done by one person and evaluation of symptoms and visual analog scale (VAS) was performed by a second person without the knowledge of the prescribed medicine. Then, the effect of these drugs in terms of VAS reduction was evaluated half hour after injection and after 1 and 2 hours later and recorded in the checklist. The data were analyzed with SPSS. v11 statistical software. Results: The mean age of patients was 36. 11 SD=10. 97. About 60% of patients had a positive family history of migraine disease. Results revealed that 97. 1% of patients had nausea and 49. 3% had vomiting. Also, magnesium sulfate and sodium valproate groups were not significantly different at half, one and two hours after injection and before injection (P=0. 999, 0. 788 =0. 783 respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that there is no significant difference in the severity of pain reduction in acute migraine attacks between sodium valproate and magnesium sulfate groups. Therefore, the use of either of these two drugs does not differ in the improvement of pain in the patient.

Background and Objective: The first formulation of AAPMTG-43 was presented for the sources with apparent activities in 1995. In 2004, the converted formulation was used to calculate the dose of Nucleoid brachytherapy sources. Subsequently, the formulation for miniature x-ray tubes called TG-43U1 protocol was exploited along with two requirements: normalizing the airkerma strength and the active length of miniature x-ray tubes limiting to zero. On the basis of the geological structure of miniature x-ray tubes and the capabilities of the Monte Carlo code, it has been required that TG-43U1 protocol for miniature xray tubes is evaluated using this code. 50 Materials and Methods: The quantities Sk, Λ , g(r) and F (r, θ ) deet ieielota etelv ooi ieoe olik 50 dna, 45, 50 sto iaio eiv etaeeoe l liv oak-ve eoleta ts ti evitioeeoe oak ti evitioeeoe. edoc (2, 6, 0)XPNCM. Results: After running the Monte Carlo code, the numerical values of air-kerma strength, dose rate constant, radial dose function and anisotropy dose function were presented in the form of tables and figures. Conclusion: a nice agreement was reached among the results of hemispherical miniature x-ray tubes and the applicable tubes in AXXent system along with hemispherical-conical miniature xray tubes and the one used in intrabeam system with application of TG-43U1 protocol.