Journal of Medical Council of Iran
Year:2021 | Volume:39 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

Pulmonary artery hypertension is a severely debilitating and fatal disease. Unfortunately, despite recent advances in treatment options for this disease, physicians and patients still face many difficulties in using treatment methods and dealing with the problems. During the preparation of this guideline, experienced experts in this field carefully examined the evidences from the reliable sources and an attempt was made to set the recommendations on evidence. Unfortunately, in many cases, there is no accurate evidence to answer the questions that arise in the face of these patients, which is mainly due to the small and heterogeneous number of patients in the studies. Therefore, in cases where there was strong and sufficient evidence based on controlled clinical trials, recommendations were made based on this evidence, and in cases where there was insufficient evidence, the recommendations were based on the collective wisdom of experienced experts in this field and case studies. This guideline is a guide for the treatment of patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (group I) and emphasizes that before starting treatment, the exact diagnosis of the disease and its cause must be determined by experienced specialists in this field.

Increasing the awareness of physicians and caregivers about human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS, advanced diagnostic methods, comprehensive use of combined antiviral drugs, highly active antiviral therapies and greater tolerance of new drugs compared to older drugs reduce mortality, increase life expectancy, altogether increase the number of elderly people infected with the virus. Improving treatment outcomes is directly dependent on adherence to antiviral therapy. Therefore, recognizing the factors associated with adherence to antiviral therapy is necessary to successfully combat HIV and prevent its spread in society. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with adherence to antiviral therapy in the elderly with HIV. Methods: English language databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar and ISI were reviewed to access related articles. The review was conducted without time limit and on articles published until February 2020. Finally, 15 articles were selected based on the criteria and objectives of the research. Results: Most studies were conducted in the United States from 2016 onwards. Based on the review of studies, factors related to adherence to antiviral treatment were divided into three categories: structural and social factors, family factors and individual factors. Conclusion: Recognizing the factors associated with non-adherence to antiviral therapy and performing appropriate interventions is an important step in maintaining and promoting the health of patients and others in the community. Lack of access to health care, economic problems, insufficient awareness and knowledge about HIV and lack of social support are factors influencing adherence to antiviral and modifiable treatment. Therefore, planning and policy-making in relation to increasing care centers, providing material and non-material assistance to patients, providing appropriate training to medical staff, families and patients, empowering patients, screening for mental health problems, including depression for patients can help improve adherence to treatment. In addition, supportive policies should be considered for immutable factors such as elderly women living with HIV, illiterate elderly and the elderly with cognitive impairment and dementia.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers among men worldwide. It is very important to pay attention to the psychological status of patients with lung cancer due to the high level of vulnerability of these patients during treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management treatment with a cognitive-behavioral approach on cortisol levels and quality of life in patients with lung cancer. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and follow-up period (3 months). In this study, 30 patients with lung cancer referred to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. They were pre-tested using SF-36 quality of life questionnaire and cortisol level. The experimental group was then treated with stress management for 8 sessions with a cognitive-behavioral approach and the control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, both groups were retested and the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups after the implementation of stress management treatment with cognitive-behavioral approach. Thus, the mean score of quality of life components increased and cortisol level decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study which showed that stress management treatment with cognitive-behavioral approach is effective in increasing quality of life and reducing cortisol levels in patients with lung cancer, it can be suggested that in order to improve quality of life and Decreased cortisol levels in these patients should be psychologically screened and clinical trials and appropriate intervention models should be considered in the process of drug treatment to improve the quality of life of these patients.

Based on the self-determination theory, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and stress management in coaches based on the mediating role of basic psychological needs. Methods: 276 coaches of professional group and individual sports clubs in the northwestern provinces of the country participated in this study in a targeted and accessible manner. Research questionnaires (self-compassion, basic psychological needs, perceived stress and demographics) were provided to the research community electronically via WhatsApp, email and telegram using Google Doc forms. Results: The results showed that compassionate behaviors were positively related to the experience of satisfaction with basic psychological needs and positively perceived stress. In contrast, these behaviors were negatively related to the experience of frustration of basic psychological needs and negatively perceived stress. Conclusion: The results of the path analysis test showed that satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs were positive and negative mediators in the relationship between self-compassion and perceived stress, respectively, positive and negative. The results of this study, while confirming the research hypotheses and the theory of self-determination, emphasize the effective role of self-compassion behaviors in satisfaction of psychological needs and positively perceived stress.

Background: As medical science and health policies have advanced, the proportion of people over 60 years old has risen as well. This study looked into the number of older people admitted to Loghman Hakim Hospital's imaging ward as a representative sample of public hospitals (mostly referred to by the middle class). Methods: Data related to all inpatients and outpatients referred to Loghman Hospital for diagnostic imaging in 2015 were collected and then analyzed using SPSS software. Results: A comparison of the number of admissions, gender, and services performed, as well as the type of admission and imaging cost, revealed that there is a significant correlation between these parameters. Conclusion: Adjustment and adaptation of the imaging department in order to adjust the costs of aging health should be on the agenda of decision-makers.

Background: The purpose of this study was to provide a model to develop the relationship between industry and the university in the units of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran. The research method was qualitative hybrid method by grounded theory and structural equation model by quantitative method. Methods: The research community in the qualitative section consisted of professors, specialists and experts in this field and the quantitative section consisted of all the deans of Tehran Azad University, the deans of the faculties and the heads of the industrial relations centers in the university. The number of samples in the qualitative section that was purposefully selected was 12 professors, specialists and experts and in the quantitative section, 337 professors and experts were selected using the Cochran's formula. The research tools were semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. Analysis of collected data, in the qualitative part was done by grounded theory method and through coding (open, axial and selective) using MAXQDA software and in the quantitative part by descriptive and inferential methods using SPSS 16 software and Smart PLS. Results: Eight components are involved in explaining the development model of industry-university relationship in the units of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran, which are: individual dimension-intellectual component, individual dimension-attitudinal component, individual dimension-skill component, individual dimension-psychological component, individual dimension-demographic component, organizational dimension-legal components, organizational dimension-cultural component, organizational dimension-component managerial, organizational dimension-financial component, organizational dimension-structural component, organizational dimension-policy component, organizational dimension-government component, environmental dimension-industry characteristics component, and finally environmental dimension-infrastructure component. Conclusion: To check the fit of the model, check the X2, R and RS; it was discussed that the presence of low X2 and the ratio of chi-square to the degree of freedom less than three, as well as the coefficient of determination and the adjusted coefficient of determination were calculated; which indicates the proper fit of the model.

Background: Natural and herbal ingredients have long been used to treat burns. Care, treatment and rehabilitation in burns, as a challenge, poses huge costs on people, family and health system. The current study aimed at assessment of saffron petal extract in the treatment of heat-induced burn wounds in rats. Methods: The ethanol extract of saffron petal was examined on 24 Wistar rats in four groups including control, SSD 1%, saffron 8%, and saffron 5%. Burns were created on the back of all rats according to the standard method. During 21 days, the average wound size in all groups was recorded daily. Results: The highest healing effect was observed in 5%, 8% saffron, SSD 1% ointment and control groups, respectively. Furthermore, no burning scar was observed in saffron groups. Conclusion: The saffron petal extract at a dose of 5% showed a significant effect on the healing of second degree burn wounds in rats. Further complementary studies on other extracts and doses are recommended