Journal of Psychology
Year:2009 | Volume:13 | Issue:1 (49)|Papers Count:14

The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometrical properties (standardization, reliability and validity) of the Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) in Isfahan. Therefore, 33 distressed and 80 nondistressed couples were randomly selected and the IMS was administered to them. The cut-off points for men, women and couples were 25, 28 and 27 respectively. The sensitivity and specificity indexes were satisfactory. Cronbach's alpha was 0.97 for the nondistressed and 0.93 for the distressed couples. The discriminate validity coefficient (correlation between total score and group membership) was 0.82. Concurrent validity coefficient was -0.94 for the IMS in Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and -0.93 for the IMS in dyadic satisfaction subscale. It was concluded that the IMS has adequate psychometric properties and can be used as an instrument in clinical and research situations.

The aim of this research was to compare dimensions of perfectionism between gifted and non-gifted students in Shiraz city (Iran). Eighty nine students from the gifted center schools (49 boys and 41 girls) and two hundred twenty four students (116 boys and 108 girls) from the normal schools were selected by clustered random sampling. The revised form of the Perfectionism Scale (Hill, et al., 2004) and the Raven Intelligence Test were administrated on the participants. Analysis of covariance with IQ and father's job social status as covariate variables showed that the gifted students acquired lower scores than the non-gifted students in terms of dimensions of organization and planfuleness. Also, gender and giftedness had significant interactive effect on struggle for excellence. In the other words, the gifted girls acquired lower scores than the other groups. These results were discussed in light of prior investigations.

This study examined the relationships among five constructs: Neuroticism, coping styles, academic stressors, reactions to stressors and subjective well-being among 419 university students (166 males 235 females). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the relationships among the latent and measured variables in the conceptual model. Results indicated that higher levels of subjective well-being were predicted by lower scores of neuroticism factor, higher scores of task oriented coping style- and conversely scores of emotion oriented coping style –and lower levels of academic stressors and reactions to stressors. Results also indicated that the relationships between neuroticism, academic stressors, reactions to stressors and subjective well-being were mediated by task and emotion oriented coping styles; the relationship between neuroticism and reactions to stressors was mediated by academic stressors; and the relationship between neuroticism and well-being was mediated by reactions to stressors. Higher academic stressors predicted grater reactions to strssors and lower scores of well-being. All of the regression weights in the model were statistically significant, and the model's predictors accounted for %35 of the variance in subjective well-being.

The purpose of this study was to prepare and determine the validity, reliability, factor structure and a set of standardized normative scores for Rumination Inventory on Isfahan university students. 211 students were randomly selected and Rumination Inventory was administered to them. In order to examine construct validity, Beck Depression and Oxford Happiness and Rumination Inventories were simultaneously administer to them. Construct validity was examined with factor analyzing in varimax way. In order to examine discriminate validity, Rumination inventory assigned for clinical depressive group and noun ones. The Chronbach's Alpa coefficients were also found for internal consistency, the reliability was examined by test-retest procedure. Factor analysis revolved five factors that they have explained percentage 50.09 variance. Concurrent validity showed significant coefficients between Beck Depression (r=63/0) and Oxford Happiness (-73/0) inventories. The Chronbach' Alpha and test-retest coefficients were found satisfactory (0/92, r=78/0). Discriminate validity revolved significant difference between clinical depressive individual and noun-clinical. Finally scores were changed into percentile ranks, and t scores. Findings showed that the Rumination Inventory was valuable instrument for evaluation of depressive rumination and has satisfactory reliability and validity for university students.

The goal of this research was to investigate relationships between self-esteem, perfectionism and narcissistic personality with se If-handicapping in 580 students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Four scales were applied: The Eysenck's Self-Esteem Test (EST), the Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale (APS), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and the Self-Handicapping Scale(SHS). The zero-order correlations and the multi variable regression were used for analyzing the data. Results showed that self-esteem had a negative correlation while perfectionism and narcissistic personality had positive correlations with self-handicapping. In addition, multiple correlations of self-esteem, perfectionism and narcissistic personality with self-handicapping were statistically significant. In male students, perfectionism and self-esteem and in female students, perfectionism was the best predictors of self-handicapping.

Attributional biases associated with negative events in hallucination and delusion is core socio-cognitive explanation of positive symptomology of pychosis. Based on the continuity view of psychotic characteristics, schizotypal traits and schizophrenia psychosis are conceptualized as different points on a continuum, expressing different degrees of risk according to the assumptions of the vulnerability-stress-model. The main purpose of the present study was to assess the attributional biases in schizotypal personality. A group of 477 normal participants from colleges of the Allameh Tabatabaie University (Tehran, Iran) were screened with Schizotypal Personality Scale (ST A). Then a group of 30 participants as schizotypal personality sample together with the other 30 participants as control group were selected and assessed with the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). The results showed that in comparison with the control group, the attributions of the group with schizotypal trait are more external, global and stable for negative events while they are more internal, global and stable for positive events. This finding is in line of other findings with clinical group of schizophrenic patients. The findings of this research support Bentall et al’s view on psychosis explanation from a social cognitive perspective and also provide more research-based confirmations for the dimensional model of psychosts.

Due to the wide range of psychological variables involving in the job accidents, working on job accidents is one of the most important issues in industrial and organization psychology. The aim of the current research was to investigate these psychological effects on job accidents in soft and hard domains. Statistical population was all personnels in a big factory in Tehran.From which two samples including 384 and 322 participants were randomly selected and responded to the research instruments. Instruments were the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), the Numerical Reasoning Test, the Tool Matching and Motor Dexterity from the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB), the Precision and Coordination subscales of the Flanagan Industrial Test, Noise Self Efficacy, the Social Maladaptation and the General Health Questionnaire.Intercorelations between the variables indicated that social maladaptiation and distraction (soft level) and motor dexterity and shift work had the most powerful relation with accidents. The data were analyzed via path analysis. Some variables had direct and indirect effects on the accidents. In light of these results, as well as related literatures, identification and controlling of the accident related variables are discussed and some suggestions were made for the researchers and managers.