JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC DENTAL ASSOCIATION OF IRAN (MAJALLAH-I-DANDANPIZISHKI)
Year:2004 | Volume:16 | Issue:1 (48)|Papers Count:12

Aim & Background: Radiographic examinations are one of the important diagnostic devices for the evaluation of bony tissue changes following implant installation. Considering the limitations of conventional radiography in the accurate diagnosis of such changes, methods such as digital substraction radiography (DSR) have been developed to diagnose minor changes in bone density. The goal of this study was to investigate the density changes around implants using digital substraction radiography in patients referred to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department.Methods & Materials: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 10 patients and 20 fixtures. Using parallel and stunt methods, one three and six months after fixture placement and prior to abutment installation, radiographs were taken and substracted from each other. The average amount of grey shades of each substraction image, at four regions of crest, the middle of root, apex and intra alveolar (for control) were measured and the results were investigated by paired T-Test:According to the findings of this study, the avearge amount of grey shades on the crest of images belonged to (1-3), (1-6) and (3-6) months were 123.4, 123.8 and 117.7, respectively. This amount on the apex was 126.4, 126.2 and 120.6, respectively and on the middle of root were 126.1, 123.8 and 119.7, respectively.On the images of the crest region belonged to (1-3) and (1-6) months, in 9 cases the amount of grey shades were more than 128 and in 11 cases were less than 128. On the apex region, 9 cases belonged to (1-3) months and 7 cases belonged to (1-6) months, were more than 128 and the remaining were less than this value.Results: Regarding the images of the middle of the root, 10 cases of (1-3) months and 9 cases of (1-6) months had grey shades more than 128.Considering the little difference in the grey shades of substraction images in (1-3) and (1-6) months, this difference was not significant in bone formation or resorption. The presence of less grey shades during the first three months can be attributed to the inflammation in implant location after fixture placement. Therefore, conventional radiography, one month after implant installation does not seem necessary, except for complicated cases.Conclusion: Otherwise, digital substraction radiography is suggested as a selective method for the diagnosis of minor changes.

Aim & Background: Nursing caries (NC) refers to a special type of caries that generally affect 2-4 years old children, showing different prevalence rates in various societies. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of this type of caries in the west region of Mazandaran.Methods & Materials: In This descriptive - cross sectional study, 255 children, 2-4 years old, consisting of 127 boys and 128 girls, from nurseries and hygiene houses in Chaloos, Tonekabon and Ramsar cities were investigated. A questionnaire was completed by their mothers carefully about gender, age, order of birth, mother education, the breast - feeding or the bottle feeding. The children were examined by a senior student of dentistry under the natural light by a mirror.Caries, minimally of two maxillary incisors, were also considered as an index. The data were analyzed by SPSS soft ware and submitted to statistical analyses of X2 and Fisher exact tests.Results: The results of this study showed that from among 255 children, age ranging from 2-4 years old, sixty of them (27.5% of the population) was affected with nursing caries. The prevalence of NC among boys and girls were 33.9% and 21.1%, respectively with a more prevalence among 3-4 years old children than 2-3 years oldones.NC did not show any significant relation with mother's education, order of birth, being breast - fed, milk - feeding before sleep and its duration, but a positive correlation was found between NC and sugary snacks.Conclusion: The prevalence of NC, in the west of Mazandaran, was found 27.5% more than Tehran and Mashhad. There was no significant relationship between NC and breast - feeding.

Aim & Background: Different factors in fluencing the quality of veneer crowns such as contour status, proximal contacts, marginal integrity and finishing line can also affect the periodontal condition of the restored teeth. the goal of this study was to evaluate the role of these factors on the periodontal status of the teeth with crowns in patients referred to Tabriz dental faculty.Methods & Materials: In this study, totally 62 patients, 24 males and 38 females. With the mean age of 11.22 ± 36.42, participated. One hundred teeth with veneer crowns. (The case group) were compared with their 99 counter parts. For all case and control teeth, variables including crown fabricator, marginal integrity, proximal contact, contour status along with periodontal conditions such as su1cular clinical depth, gingival bleeding inkex (LÖe & Silness), the width of keratinized gingiva and forcation involvement (Glickman classification) were investigated. The data were analyzed by descriptive Statistical methods, X2 test and un paired t-test.Results: The results showed no statistically significant difference in mean sulcular depth between teeth with veneer crowns (3.03 ± 0.86), as compared with those without crown (2.53±4.44) (P=0.28). However, Significant differences were found in gingival inflammatory reactions including gingival index (2.36±0.73: case group and 1.51±0.59: control group), inflammatory discoloring, etc (P<0.001). Moreover, the frequency of forcation involvement (P=0.02) and plaque accumulation (P=0.004) in teeth with crowns were significantly more then those of controls.Conclusion: It is concluded that crowns significantly affect the gingival inflammatory reacltion of the restored teeth.

Aim & Background: The application of mouthwashers along with periodontal treatments, particularly of herbal origin, is of high importance. In this research, the effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) and persica, at the first stage of the periodontal treatment, were compared and the indices of pocket probing depth (PPD), papillae bleesing (PBI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were investigated.Methods & Materials: This cross - sectional study was conducted on 46 patients referred to the periodontics department of dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (2000-20001). The patients were divided into test and control groups and the indices of PPD, PBI and CAL were recorded. Mter the first stage of the periodontal treatment including scaling and root planning, Polling rooth -brusing method and the use of dental floss were taught to the patients. For test group. persica and for the controls chlorhexidine 0.2%, twice daily, were perscribed. Mer one month, all these indices were recorded. To analyze the data, t-test and variance analysis werw used.Results: The average PPD reduction in test and control groups were 0.61mm and 0.96mm, respectively. The average PBI reduction was 1.20 and 1.17 for test and cotrol groups, respectively. NO significant difference was found in CAL between both groups.Chlorhexidine staining was observed among most of the control group patients but no side - effect was found among test group.Conclusion: Finally it is concluded that persica mouth wash at the first stage of the periodontal treatment in gingivitis and periodontitis, can be considered useful.

Aim & Background: Chemomechanical method refers to the chemical removal of the decayed dentin and then to the slow elimination of caries with hand instruments conservatively.The goal of this study was to compare the remaining dentinal caries between this method and the conventional mechanical method using burs.Methods & Materials: The samples of the first group were treated by chemomechanical method applying CarisolTM gel whereas those of the second group were treated by mechanical method using burs. After caries removal, the samples were suctioned and examined by stereo microscope.The data were submitted to statistical analyses (X2 and Mamm - Withney U tests). The frequency of the remaining caries, for both groups, was 23.3%, howerer, the surface area of the remaining caries in mechanical and chemomechanical groups were 0.049 and 0.008 mm, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant.Results: The results of this study no significant differences between two methods.Conclusion: Chemomechanical method as a suitable substituted for the conventional method in caries removal.

Aim & Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) duration on the amount of mouth opening among patients with mandibular fracture.Methods & Materials: Fifty - five patients with mandibular fracture, with the age ranging from 20-40, under MMF treatment for six months in Tehran, Shariati hospital were selected.From among them, 43 patients were treated for 6 weeks and the remaining 12 patients were under treatment fot 4 weeks. The samples of the control group were selected of healthy people without any history of fracture or joint disease, as old as the test group patients. The data were analyzed statistically by Hest. The maximum mouth opening (the distance between the upper and lower incisors) were measured (mm) immediately, one week, one month and three months after MMF removal.Results: The results showed that the average mouth opening in patients under 6- month treatment with MMF. Was 34.372 mm after 3 months. Where as this measurement for those with 4-month MMF was 37 mm. and for controls was 41.12mm. The difference betweem 4 month group and 6 month proup, after 3 months, was significant (P<0.005). Statistically significant differences were also found between the 4 month group and the controls (P<0.005) and the 6 month group and the controls (P<0.000).Conclusion: As a result, due to the limitations in mouth opening after 3 months, particularly on patients with longer MMF, it is suggested to minimize MMF treatment as short as possible.

Aim & Background: The most important characteristic of a root end filling material is to provide an acceptable seal. Various materials have been already used as root end fillings in endonontic surgeries, none of them possess all desirable properties.Methods & Materials: In the present study, the sealing ability of a new experimental material known as cold ceramic was compared with glass ionomer. Cold ceramic contains calcium hydroxide as its chemical base, however, opposite Ca(OH)2 it is capable of being set.Forty extracted human teeth were used in this experiment. The roots were cut at the cervical region from the crowns. After cleaning and shaping, 3mm at the apical region, of each tooth, was cut and a class I cavity of 2mm depth was prepared. The external surface, of each tooth, was covered by two layers of nailpolish.Then, the teeth were randomly divided into two groups, each was filled with one of the exprimental materials, followed by embedding in normal saline solution for 10 days.The microleakage of all sampels was then investigated electrochemically.Results: The results of this study showed statistically significant difference in the microleakage between two materials implying the minimum microleakage for the cold ceramic group.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the sealing ability of cold ceramic is more than glass ionomer.

Aim & Background: The aim of the present investigation was to determine the relationship between smoking and periodontal disease in Kerman population.Methods & Materials: Three hundred patients, referred to the clinics in the city of Kerman, were randomly selected and studied. The study was a cross - sectional, descriptive - analytic one consisting of 150 smoking samples (Case group) and 150 non - smoking samples (Controls), with the age range of under 20 to over 50. There was a correspondence between both groups in age and gender of the samples. None of the subjects and any systemic problems. For each patient, a questionnaire was completed by a trained person (Student) on personal characteristics, the number and duration of smoking.Periodontal status was examined by Williams probe, mirror, unit ligth and the measurement of peridontal disease index. If a tooth was not present, its distally located tooth was examined as its substitate. In this research, side - effects such as hairy tongue, mdeian rhomboid glossitis and halitosis were investigated as well.Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of periodontal diseases among smoking people are more than non - smoking ones (P<0.05). Additionally, an increase in the duration and number of smoking results in more severe disease.The severity of the periodontal disease at the age range of (20-39) was more than other groups.The smoking chance of periodontally diseased people was 4.6 times more than others. To analyze the data, SPSS statistical software and X2, ANOV A, Kruskal wallis tests were used. The smoking people were also affected with median rhomboid glossitis 3.25 times more than non - smoking people. Halitosis and hairy tongue were observed among smoking subjects more than non-smoking ones.Conclusion: The present study showed a significant relationship between smoking and periodontal disease (P<0.005) Meaning that periodontal disease is more in smoking group than non – smoking.

Aim & Background: Having knowledge about dental pulp tissue and its treatment along with the patients attitudes toward the mentioned treatments are of high importance, not only for the practitioner but also for the patient.Methods & Materials: The present research is a cross - sectional and descriptive study, conducted in Gilan dental faculty, from March of June 2003. A questionnaire was completed by the patients about the demographic information and their knowledge and attitude son root canal therapies. All the questions were confirmed by endodontics professors consisting of 15 questions on the level of knowledge and 6 remaining ones on the patients' attitudes. After the experimental stage, the sample size, at 95% confidence coefficient, was determined as 111. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and regression test.Results: The results showed that 8.1% of the patients had a very weak knowledge, 27.9% had a weak knowledge where as the knowledge of the 45%, 16.2% and 2.7% of the patients were average, good and excellent, respectively. Considering attitude, 69.4%, 28.8% and 1.8% of the patients showed positive, negative and indifferent attitudes, respectively.Conclusion: It is suggested that, prior to the initiation of the treatment, a pamphlet on the basic information about root canal therapy should be provided for each patient.

Aim & Background: If the first mandibular molar is extracted, for any reason, the structural integration of the dentition is disturbed and the occlusal system stability is endangered.The adjacent teeth will be deviated and in the opposing arch, tooth will grow toward edentulous space.The most common movement is the mesial migration of the teeth at the distal of the edentulous space.The aim of this investigation was to determine the existing relations between different growth patterns and the amount of lost space following the extraction of the first molar after the complete second molars eruption in adults.Methods & Materials: Due to the non - exisence of a similar investigation and based on the suggestions of a statistics expert, forty - five subjects, (20-30) years old with the mean age of 23, 27, females and 18 males, were selected.The minimum time of unilateral missing tooth was 3 years and the extraction time was after 15 years old for all samples. Mandibular casts, panoramic radiographies and lateral cephalometry were prepared for all subjects.Then, the amount of lost space, axial deviation of the second molars and the growth patterns were measured by casts and radiographs and the results were analyzed by ANOV A and Duncan tests and pearson coefficient correlation.Results: The growth patterns were 44.4% horizontal, 15.6% vertical and 40% normal. The average lost space following mesial migration of the second molar were 3.1, 5.87 and 5.29 (mm) in horizontal, vertical and normal growths, respectively (P<0.05).Bodily movement was significantly more among subjects of horizontal group (61.1%) comparing to other growth patterns groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: Considering the increased lost space among subjects with vertical growth pattern, as compared weith horizontal and normal groups, the preservation of first molars should be considered more important for them and the extracted tooth should be replaced as soon as possible.

Aim & Background: Odontogenic cysts are known as real cysts covered with an epithelium originated from "Odontogenic epithelium". These cysts make up a wide range of oral and maxillofacial pathologic lesions that may acquire an aggressive nature and afflict a vast region of jaws. Despite considerable prevalence, a few studies have been already conducted on these lesions in Iran. The purpose of this descriptive and archive review study was to survey statistically odontogenic cysts of growth-developmental origin.Materials and Methods: In order to perform this study, the archive of pathology department dental Faculty Tehran University of Medical Sciences were reviewed from 1971 to 2002. In addition to survey the prevalence of all odontogenic cysts of growth-developmental origin, information on factors such as age, sex and location of lesion were also extracted from archive files and analyzed by SPSS software programe.Results: The findings of this study indicated that out of all reviewed filles, 736 odontogenic cysts of growth-developmental origin were found including: dentigerouse cyst (51%), odontogenic keratocyst (36%) Gorlincyst (6%), primordial cyst (3%), lateral periodontal cyst (2%), eruptive cyst (1%) and adult gingival cyst (1%). No sample of infant gingival cysts were observed. Totally, 198 cases (28%) occured in the second decade of life more than other decades. 63% and 37% of such cysts were reported in males and females, respectively. Considering the location of lesion, 61% and 39% of them were found in the lower and upper jaws, respectively. in the lower jaw: 46% in molar, 31% in premolar, 23% in the onterior regions were observed and in the upper jaw 47% of cases in the anterior region, 28% and 25% in premolar and molar regions were found, respectively.Conclusion: According to the present study, 39% of all jaw cysts existing in pathology department archive are of odontogenic type with growth-developmental origin, out of them dentigerouse and keratocyst ones make up the largest number.

Aim & Background: Periodontal regeneration is one of periodontal treatments goals that a lot of studies have been conducted on it. Guided tissue regeneration technique (GTR), through the inhibition of epithelial cells and gingival connective tissue immigration, cause PDL fibroblasts proliferation at lesion site and also lead to cementum, bone and PDL reconstruction. Despite successful achievements of this technique in human and animal studies, its application in severe lesions such as furcation involvement grade III has not been satisfactory. To promote the level of treatment success, the application of growth factors as agents for the progression of cells proliferation and immigration and the production of extracellular substance has been suggested.The goal of this article was to review these different factors and conducted researches to present a panorama of modern periodontics.Materials and Methods: Articles on growth factors application in periodontal lesions regeneration, up to 2003, were collected from Medline and other medical information banks.More over, a lot of specific cases were studied in dentistry journals.Results: It is concluded that the application of different types of growth factors alone or in combination with each other either allogene or autogene, is able to hasten and motivate periodontal lesions regeneration including: intrabony defects and furcation involvements to more advanced cases such as peri implant bone reconstruction. However, their precise application requires more studies.Conclusion: High level capability of growth factors in the promotion of periodontal treatments consequences, has prouided a favourable background for purposeful researches. So as a promising future in periodontal regenerative methods should be expected.