JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION
Year:2007 | Volume:36 | Issue:3-4|Papers Count:16

In Quranic view, man is a divine viceroy on earth. He is the only creature that enjoys divine characteristics such as those of 'creation' and 'creativity'. No exerted efforts of psychologists of modes of behavior managed to distort the special status of 'man', though he is 'weak', 'insidious', 'greedy', 'hasty', 'unbalanced', 'loss avoiding character', 'rebellious', etc. In this article, based on selections of Quranic verses it is tried to explain in simple terms Issues such as 'spirit' and 'decree and creation'. In the same limelight, 'physical natural process of man', which is in relation to natural elements is thoroughly explained. Quranic outlook with respect to 'worldly life' and 'life in the hereafter' in brief are another part of this article. In the chapter concerning 'the true feature of man in Quran' his attributes from this point of view is outlined. Then it goes on to address 'human natural egoism' and 'self. Referring to the 'fundamental needs of man in Quran' a passing view of psychologists of the realm of need are considered. 'Quran and the social man' is the closing part of this article, which tends to deal with reasons of social transformations from a Quranic point of view.

In This article, the philosophical viewpoints of Aristotle elucidating its implications in education, is discussed. The "education of emotion" is developed in our present age as a response to the deep-rooted emotional and mental problems of youth. The majority of philosophers of education have attributed the education of emotion to Aristotle. It is the aim of present article to trace roots of education of emotion and also to examine its importance in our country. The theoretical foundations of supporters of emotional education are based on the development of the imagination through art and culture.

In first stage it must notice the identity crisis as pathological approach to identity and if pathogenesis. Factors would be distinguished, it will be assumed as basis for remedy the problems. In the record of Iran historical identity we must study a period of 170 years ago. Iranian approaches to the western civilization based on two different methods: a) Reject attitude, and b) terrified attitude. Unfortunately there was not a third method for rational selection, therefore retardation of Iran is a result of losing identity. Identity problems in Iran consist of cultural break, generations, contrast, increasing changes, lack of entirety, extensive-emigration, and big cities.

Adopting the modem approach that is the point of departure to what has been known as the modem rationality and in order to preserve and prove the human's superiority on nature, the modem knowledge was initiated having characteristics, such as rationality, objectivity, realism, verifiability and performativity. In the direction of subtlety and exactness of modem rationality and in accordance with the standards that this sort of rationality determines, modem knowledge continues its way through a reductive process to be settled down within a new equation of the information age. Relying on one of the well-known theories and emphasizing on J.F. Lyotard's analysis of the status and development of knowledge, science and technology in contemporary societies, the present study pursuits its purposes in the realm of education. Accordingly, in order to have a conscious confrontation with the challenges of the present time, education needs to provide a philosophical reflection within the frame of "return to presuppositions", to reduce the problems that arise from the accelerating and sometimes explosive movements within the domain of decision, also it needs to promote the political insights of teachers and students and equip them by deep understandings of knowledge issues and their relations to other domains.

The number of students who cannot complete school programs is a serious problem facing many educational systems in all educational levels. Drop out and repetition is one of the most common matters that many educators and researchers interest to study it. There are many reasons on the retention and non-completion patterns, but it can find rarely a philosophical viewpoint on the problem. The article aim to recognize and analysis the theoretical origins of dropping out and repetition under modem educational conditions. In other word, it is claimed here that many other researchers were not effective at ignoring these origins. Dropping out and repetition causes must be studied relied on these modem foundations, will not prevent dropping out and handle repetition successfully. This study considers six factors they seem influence on educational consequences. They are rationalism, individualism, regulation, centralization, and getting mastery. The research method is analytical and by use of the first-hand resources, findings are presented and will be analyzed.

Purification is one of the concepts that has many usage in the literature of education system. Often we use this concept with the known sentence "Purification Precedes Instruction". In this paper, this known sentence is challenged and with the investigation of Koran verses and related interpretations and also from the view of the philosophical discussion of transposition, this precedence is falsified. At the end of paper, we introduce another definition of the concept of purification from two points of views which is in line with the integrative thought on education and instruction.

In this article, Hafez poems are viewed as a school of education and its philosophical, religious, educational and scientific bases is examined. Referring to Hafez poems, the article argues that he puts priority on nurture over education and instead of school, book and argument is after human dignity. From epistemological point of view Hafez is intuitive, and from ontological perspective, he believes in divine destiny. He assumes human being to be evolving, responsible and in control of his carnal soul. From axiological standpoint, Hafez believes in coordination with nature and God's creatures and argues that one who is odd with God's creatures can not discover the secrets of existence. The article explores the religious bases of his thoughts and argues that Hafez emphasizes on religious experience rather than religious routines, and considers love to be the pretext of – that experience. The article also touches upon scientific bases of Hafez notion that religion is the source of human integrity, psychological stability and meaningfulness of one's life. The article emphasizes that Hafez world view is borrowed from the Quran, Hadith and the words of Imams and is the results of his reading the Quran, asceticism and confessions of his neediness to supreme Creator. Hafez poetry is the metaphor inspired by the words of God, prophets, Imams and religious leaders.

In studying the problems of complex systems, usually the noise is considered in relation to the concept of order. It means that order is assumed as the basic feature of system, per se. Information also conceptually is used to be connected to entropy, negentropy, order, and disorder, proposed in thermodynamics in 19th century. But in recent theories, order and disorder both are the devices for measuring entropy and each is able to replace the other. Information, accordingly, is the output of order-disorder dance; and creativity, hence, comes out of such a pattern.