JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION
Year:2006 | Volume:35 | Issue:2|Papers Count:12

Factor analysis is one of the most advanced multivariate statistical techniques applying to attain a variety of scientific and research goals such as model-building, hypothesis-building, test validation, identifying subtests and development conditions in order to perform the other advanced methods as multiple regression and structural equation models. While there are difficulties and complexities in understanding, applying, and interpreting of factor analysis, many of the users who have not sufficient knowledge about its underlying bases, limitations, and wide range of applications wish to perform, interpret and generalize the results. Hence, there is a great body of invalid and unreliable results and generalizations about the variables have studied by this method. The aim of this article, on the one hand, is explaining the history, theoretical and logical foundations and mathematical bases of factor analysis and, on the other hand, introducing its limitations and major problems. Because of increasingly interest to apply factor analysis, especially in scientific and educational settings in our country we offered recommendations in order to help who interest learning more and who used this technique in their research for many years.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between marital stress and depressive symptoms among women with coronary heart disease (CHD) and healthyial statistics including means, standard deviations, analysis of variance, pearson's correlation coefficient, and regression analyses. The results revealed that marital stress was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in both groups. Depressive symptoms were significantly more common in women with CHD than between levels of marital stress of subjects did not healthy women. The difference reach statistical significance. Marital stress, hyperlipidemia and use of beta-blockers were predicted by depressive symptoms, respectively.

The purpose of the present case study was to treat panic disorder through application of the psychodynamic approach. The client was a 23 year old female university student who according to clinical interview, DSM-IV-TR criteria, MMPI results and the psychiatrist' view, was diagnosed with panic disorder. The method consisted of exposing her to psychodynamic therapy, which focused on object relations and ego psychology. The techniques used in this method were free association, emphasis on the unconscious and analysis of transference. According to the results, the technique is highly efficient in the treatment of the panic disorder. The client developed a more integrated feeling of herself, reviewed, observed and examined her personality construct, including the "ego", and learned to treat others in ways more appropriate to the existing realities. Discussing the consistency and in consistency of the findings with those of other such studies, the paper presents a number of suggestions in its final section.

The present study was conducted to compare social skills of male students with Partially Hearing Impairment (PHI) in integrated versus nonintegrated school settings in Tehran, Iran. In this ex post facto research, 60 PHI students participated (30 students in integrated schools and 30 in nonintegrated schools). In this study two different kinds of educational settings were considered as an independent variable and social skills of PHI students was regarded as a dependent variable. To measure social skills of PHI students, Social Skills Rating System (Gresham & Elliot,1990) developed and adapted. Results revealed that mean score of PHI students in integrated settings was higher than their peers in nonintegrated settings. This difference, however, was not statistically significant.

The two terms information and communication have some ambiguities. Yet, there is not a consensus on their definitions. But they have some common characteristics, which make them be used interchangeably. Information is the basic element for communication. Information, inevitably, does not end to communication while when there is communication, there is information too. Communication is the natural necessity of social life. If we use question form for communication, which generally we do, though it is not necessarily in informal question tags, results in good storage and retrieval. Efficiency usually relates to information and Information Sciences while effectiveness relates to Communication. With mathematical model we must enforce and clear up the information process in order to facilitate the communication process in its fullest semantic meaning. Fidelity, sharing in meaning and trust on each other are the key factors in communication, which up to now, there is no model for it. In two-ways communication process, passing from information channel is necessary but not enough.

The aim of the Present project is to explore influencing factors on vocational burn out in teachers of visually impaired, hearing impaired, and normal students. To fulfill this objective, 176 teachers in both sexes from intermediate regular schools and schools of visually and "hearing impaired students were selected, and following instruments were examined on them: Questionnaire for gathering information of personal and family background. Burn out questionnaire of Maslach, and Bortner rating scale of type "A" personality. Bortner rating scale of type "A"and "B" personality.Data analyses were carried-out with utilization of Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis. The results indicated that spending leisure time, age, sex, type of personality, income, and income from the second job of participants, were important factors in predicting burn-out of teachers. Kind of school, level of education of teachers, marital status, number of children, socio-economic status (SES), psycho-social climate of school and having several jobs were not important factors in job burn-out.

The goal of this study is a citation analysis of the original articles in the management Journals of "Danesh-e Modiriyat", "Paslnameh-ye Motalleaat-e Modiriyat" and "Majalleh-ye Oloum-e Edari Va Eqtesad-e Daneshgah Esfahan" during the years 1996/1375-2001/1380. In this study, we analyze the data to determine the number of articles, citations, average number of citations in each article, type of resources used, language, and half-life of the resources. The results showed that 4116 sources were cited in 220 articles. The average number of citation per article is 18.70. The books are the most frequently cited resources (64.84). From the lingual viewpoint, English language dominates by 71.59. In Persian resources, number of original materials is 75.64. The highest half-life belongs to theses (9.34) years and the lowest belongs to E-sources (0.76 years).

In recent years, qualitative research, or what ever has been known as a qualitative inquiry, increasingly has prevailed within social science, educational psychology, clinical psychology and educational research. Providing a precise and specific definition is difficult because in the analysis of the qualitative data we often use different techniques, which are based on various theoretical views. General characteristics of qualitative research are: emphasizing on discovery and description, not to use random sampling and selecting the sample on the basis of research purpose, emphasizing on the study of phenomena within their natural contexts, considering the researcher as one of the research instruments, presenting data as words, actions or pictures analyzing data as an inductive analysis and during doing the research, providing a descriptive and narrative report from research results, a deep and multi aspects analysis of a case, emphasizing on the role of personal meaning etc. The different methods of a qualitative research are: ethnography, grounded theory, conversation analysis, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis. The Present paper defines a qualitative research and reviews its philosophical and theoretical bases. In addition, different kinds of qualitative research methods will be briefly introduced.

Child abuse is widely regarded as a cause of mental health problem in adult life. This article examines the impact of child abuse on personality and emotional characteristics in adolescents. Abused adolescents (N<29) were compared with normal adolescents (N<71) on their scores on Child Abuse Inventory. Subjects also completed the California Personality Inventory (CPI).The results respectively showed that there were significant differences between domination, self-control, socialization, good impression, well-being, intellectual efficiency, capacity for status, psychological mindedness and tolerance, of abused and normal adolescents (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between achievement via conformance, achievement via independence, social presence, self-acceptance, sociability, responsibility, communality, flexibility and female/male of abused and normal adolescents.