RESEARCH JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF ISFAHAN "SCIENCE"
Year:2003 | Volume:17 | Issue:1|Papers Count:21

A spectrophotometric study concerning the charge transfer interaction between bromine and diaza-18-crown-6 (DA18C6) was performed in dichloromethane solution at 250º C. The results are indicative of the formation of DA18C6Br+.Br3-in an equilibrium step and formation of 2DA18C6Br+.2 Br- in a no equilibrium step. Plot of absorbance vs. mole ratio shows that the above products are formed in macrocycle to bromine ratios of less and more than 0.5, respectively. Comparison of conductance of solutions with various macrocycle to bromine~ ratios confirms the spectrophotometric results. Liquid complex of DA18C6 Br2 has been isolated and its IR spectrum compared with the spectrum of the pure macrocycle.  

In this research, asymmetric complexes [Ru(Cp)(CO) (PPh3)Cl] and [Ru(Cp) (CO)(PPh3)I] have been synthesized and inproared, visible-ultraviolet, Proton-Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra have been studied. Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the complexes provide evidence that substitution of heavy halogen has no significant effect on asymmetry induction at metal center of complex.  

Folic acid deficiency and subsequent megaloblastic anaemia is a well-known adverse effect of long term phenytoin therapy. Folic acid supplementation has been recommended for counteracting the anaemic status. While both improvement and deterioration of seizure status have been reported following folic acid therapy. Some studies have failed to show any interference of folic acid with antiepileptic action of phenytoin. This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of folic acid on blood level and anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin against Maximal Electroshock (MES) in rat. The results showed that while folic acid produces significant increase in ED50 of phenytoin against MES test, only slight changes were seen in blood levels of phenytoin and its metabolite (HPPH) in small and moderate doses. However, the reduction of phenytoin and elevation of HPPH blood levels was completely significant with higher doses. The concentration dose curve was shifted to right and appearance of nonlinearity in the kinetic of phenytoin was delayed. Thus it has been suggested that folic acid through both induction of phenytoin metabolism and perhaps its own epileptogenic effects decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin.  

Shoot bud and shoot culture of pistacia is usually faced with problems such as browning, necrosis and reduction of growth and development. However, improvement of growth and development of shoot buds is necessary for this plant. In this study, young shoots of pistacia c.v. Keleghochi associated with subapical meristems were cultured in MS medium (1/2 Macro elements) contaning (BA). Then, explants were grown under red (680 nm) and white lights with 2000-2500 Lux. Results showed that under red light the number of buds, stem lenght and percentage of shoots with higher growth of leaf were improved under red light. When shoots were transferred in medium with IBA, under red light they started rooting. It is possible that red light, in relation with applied BA, has changed the amount of intracellular phytohormones or possibly phytochromes has a critical role in differentiation.  

This study concerns the assessment of 38 reproductive and 17 vegetative morphological characters on 978 and 400 individuals, respectively, among 40 populations belonging to three cultivated wheat species: Triticum aestivum, T. turgidum and T. durum. Average, standard deciation and coefficient of catiation for each character were calculated by species and the three species were compared on the characters. Based on the coefficient of variation, character frequencies in six classes were compared among the species. In order to evaluate the dissimilarity between the populations, phenetic analysis was performed using Manhatan distance coefficient and DPGMA clustering. The results en this study showed a relatively high variation within the species. Populational comparison showed closer relationship between T. aestivum and T. turgidum than between T. durum and them.  

Between 1998 and 2000 in about 170 Km., along the river course, 14 sites were selected and the benthos of each site was sampled seasonally, using dredge sampler. Sorting out the samples were done in the laboratory and the taxa of each sample were identified to the species level if possible. The results of 168benthic samples studied in this research included 40 taxa and 26 species from 13 orders, 28 families 8and 26 genera. From the 13 orders, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Gastropoda were the most diverse, from the number of family, genus and species point of view respectively, but others had no considerable diversity. The genera and species of some families such as Chironomidae, Baetidae, Gammaridae, Erpobdellidae and Oligochaeta were present almost in all sites and seasons. In contrast the genera and species of some families such as Elmidae, Caenidae, Potamanthidae and Perlodidae were present in some sites and seasons, which could be caused by their life cycles, or their specific site requirements.  

The individual effects of Pb2+ concentrations (0.005,0.05and 0.5 mg.L-1) on the growth (cell number and total chlorophyll content) and beta-carotene synthesis of two strains (Iranian and Australian) of green alga Dunaliella saUna were examined during 36 days of treatment. The effects of these concentrations on the amount of calcium and magnesium content of the cells were also evaluated. An increase in Pb2+ concentrations caused a significant reduction in cell number and chlorophyll content of D.salina. In both strains, the increase of beta-carotene content of cells was observed in comparison with control. It seems such decrease in growth rate and increase in beta-carotene content of cells is due to deficiency of essential elements such as magnesium and calcium and also increase of free radicals due to Pb2+ in the medium.  

German cockroach is one of the most common pest species, and it is the carrier of different kinds of fungi, viruses, and pathogenic bacteria. In addition, it causes allergy in household environments. So, control of these insects is very important from the point of public health. One of the relatively new methods for controlling German cockroach is application of growth regulating substances, especially juvenoids. In this study, the effects of juvenoid hormone, pyriproxyfen, on German cockroach has been investigated. After studying the life cycle of the cockroach, the nymphs of the fifth instar were treated with the different concentrations of pyriproxyfen added to their meal. The concentrations of juvenoid hormones were 10, 30, 100, 300 ppm, respectively. Each experiment was repeated for three times, and for each one a group of control was set up. A total of 45 insects were used for each concentration. Pyriproxyfen was found to be effective in inducing morphogenetic wing deformation abnormalities on both sexes of the cockroach. The juvenoid effective dose (ED 50) for 50% wing twisting and 50% sterlity in German cockroaches were 56.45 and 50 ppm, respectively. In addition, the probability of twisted wing and the sterlity were increased with the addition of pyriproxifen concentration; the percentage of twisted wing and sterlity in 10ppm were, respectively, 0%, 21% (for males) and 7.7%,19.2% (for females), and in 300 ppm for males 87%, 91.3% and for females 85.7% and 85.7%. But, on those insects which fertilization and production of ootheca were occurred, no significant differences were observed between treated and control insects in the number of nymphs.    

In this study, the expression of the recombinant promyelocytic leukemia (PM protein under the T5 promoter has been studied. To express the PML protein, its complementary DNA (cDNA) was specifically amplified using polymerase ch reaction, PCR, and cloned into pQE-30 vector under the T5 promoter. The result recombinant vector was then introduced into BL21 bacterial host cells, and expression was induced. The expressed proteins were then purified from the to: cell extract by means of the nickel affinity chromatography. The specific express of the PML protein was analyzed using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis with Coomas blue staining and immunoblotting with anti-Histidine antibody. The results show that the PML protein was specifically expressed in a large quantity. It is, there is concluded that the T5 promoter can provide a suitable system for  

polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA) was used to measure levels of circulating gram negative bacterial DNA in serum. The PCR reaction was based on primers from the 16S rRNA gene. The product was digoxigenylated during PCR and this was the tag to which antibody was bound in the subsequent ELISA. The product was bound to a streptavidin-coated microtitration plate which was mediated by a biotinylated capture probe. The optical density (OD) endpoint was <0.1 in 10 sera from healthy people and also it was <0.1 in 45 out of 50 patients with blood infection other than gram negative bacteria (specificity = 90.9%). In 43 cases of proven gram negative bacteremia an OD>0.l was achieved in 40 patients (sensitivity = 93%). This assay validated the concept of diagnosing gram negative. bacteria) by measuring levels of circulating DNA in serum.  

The physiology and morphology of plant growing in invivo and invitro under drought and salt stress are changed. For instance, the cell size is changed in water and salt stress. In this study, calli obtained from in vitro culture of stem segments of M. sativa c.v.Hamedani were cultured on MS medium containing 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 percent mannitol (drought stress) and 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 percent NaCI (salt stress). The result showed that under water stress the length of the cells increased but in salt stress the length and width both were decreased. It seems that changes of cell size can be considered as part of mechanisms of salt and water resistance of the plant cells. However, not all of the glycophytes may show the same response under salt and water stress and need to be studied more in details in the future.  

The saxicolous lichens were collected from calcareous rock in various areas of Mashhad in north-east of Iran. The specimens were studied on morphology, anatomy and chemistry as well as comparison with authentic type specious and consultation with expert from plant sciences department, Sheffield, England. One hundred and two samples were examined. They consist of 9 genera and 12 species: Caloplaca saxicola, C.cirrochroa, C. trachyphylla, C.fulgens, Rhizocarpon geographicum, Rh. umbilicatum, Lecanora muralis, L.conferta, Dimelaena oreina. Toninia rosulata, Buellia, sp and candelariella, sp. In this study species form crustose lichens (Teloschistaceae) are reported for the first time from Iran as follows: Caloplaca Cirrochroa, C. trachyphylla and C. fulgens.  

The fertile valley of Lenjan is located about 20 Km southwest of Isfahan and at west side of Irankuh mountain which contains rich veins of lead and zinc. Various mining activities such as surface extraction, milling and transportation of concentrate have increased the potential for distribution of heavy minerals (Zn, Pb, Cd) in agricultural soils of Lenjan area. Since in most of cases, the crops which grow in the agricultural soils containing heavy metals especially around mining areas can retain higher concentration of metals in their tissues, the main objective of this research is to evaluate the uptake concentration of zinc, lead and cadmium in agricultural products of rice, wheat, alfalfa and potato in Lenjan valley. The obtained results on conducted samples indicate that, the highest concentrations of zinc in alfalfa, grains of rice and wheat and then potato gland were 154.4, 54.0, 53.0 and 9.7 µg/g(dry weight) respectively, and the highest concentrations of lead in alfalfa and grains ofrice and wheat were 9.75, 2.1 and 1.25µg/g (dry weight) respectively, and no cadmium was measured in these sample. Thus, since the concentrations of zinc and lead in alfalfa were relatively high, it seems that this plant has higher capability to uptake these metals from soils rich in these metallic minerals, but since the samples were limited in this area, further research for cropping alfalfa in soils of the area containing lead and zinc would be required.  

POD activity of tea plant in Darjeeling, Assamica, Showravi and Sad varieties, was examined monthly and during a year quantitatively and qualitatively. In the first three leaves of shoot, the trend of the enzyme activity from spring to winter was ascending and from the first leaf to the third one was increased. Comparing the four varieties, Assamica had much more POD activity compared to the other 3 cultivars. Appearance of POD is enzyme bands of tea leaves on polyacrylamide gels (PAGE) showed that there was a concomitant increase in both the enzyme activity and the number of POD is an enzyme from spring to winter. The results showed a relationship between the quality of tealeaf and POD activity.  

The purpose of a shampoo is to clean the hair and scalp, but over the years shampoos have become much more than a simple shampoo. Manufactures now add a variety of additives to their formulations in order to produce multifunctional shampoos. By shampooing, approximately of the sebum is removed. The temporary absence of these lipids leaves the hair dry and unmanageable without natural luster. Conditioning agents (based on oils, plant extracts, polymers, proteins, etc.) reside on the hair and scalp and leave the hair soft, flexible and manageable. Besides, these agents have beneficial effects on damaged hair. In this study first of all the base shampoo' was evaluated from different points of view including: formability,' cleansing power, wetting time, PH, and refeology. Then, two conditioning agents, mineral oil and tragacanth with different concentration were added to the base shampoo. After coding the samples (P1, P2, P3, .. for mineral oil and K1, K2 ,. . . for tragacanth). Similar tests as base shampoo were carried out. For these samples and then two outstanding samples were chosen for consumer panel tests. Obtained results of physico-chemical tests and consumer panel tests were in good agreement. The results indicated that the two samples leave the hair shiny, soft and easy to comb. In addition, tragcanth protect the hair from splitting, and confers enough tensile strength to the hair.  

Giardiasis is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. It is fairly a common human intestinal flagellate called Giardia intestinally. Patient harboring these protozoa can be a symptomatic carrier or exhibit all or some of the following symptoms: diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal pain and weight loss and fatty stool in high infection. In some parts of the world and in Iran, Giardiasis is an endemic disease. In this study, effects of some plant essential oil extracted from Thymus vulgarize, Zataria multiflora, Myrtus communis and Ferula-asa-feotida and resin of the latter was investigated on Giardia cyst for 30 and 60 min, invitro. The cysts were isolated from stool by Bingham method and washed and counted with hemocytometer. The cysts were contacted with essential oils and dead cysts were distinguished by eosin solution. The Thymus vulgarize essential oil was the most effective than others comparison with metronidazol as standard. The average cyst cidal effects of Thymus vulgarize and metronidazol were corresponding to 94.06 7.5 and 85.9 7.3. The effect of other plant essential oils such as Zataria multiflara, and Myrtus communis on cyst was good but essential oil and resin of Ferula-asa-feotida had the least effect. This study determined some plant essential oils have benefit effect on Giardia cyst and are suitable for further study to make herbal remedy from them.  

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) may occur in any water related industries. Such kind of corrosion is induced by many groups of microorganisms and may result of in deterioration, pitting and biofouling in pipelines, pumps and other equipments in industries. Despite its importance, MIC is not studied in Iranian sugar industries. In this study, Karun cane sugar factory was examined in case of MIC. Tests consisted of field examinations of corrosion sites, evaluations of samples collection (with sterile vessels) and inoculation in culture media. In the first series of tests, SRB, nitrogen bacteria, sulfur bacteria, fungi and total bacterial count (in mesophilic, termophilic and sacrophilic temperatures) in aerobic and anaerobic conditions were examined on samples. The results revealed absence of SRB, nitrogen and sulfur bacteria share of sachrophilic and anaerobic bacteria as well as abundance of bacillus, cocciandfungiin samples. In the second series of tests, TBC tests, total fungi count, and APB (Acid Producing Bacteria) counts were done. The results revealed the presence of APB in the whole system and abundant and accumulate in some critical points. Furthermore, the results suggest that they are these three tests, as well as can indicate biocorrosion agent floura in system. In second stage, tests were conducted in bench and field scale with biocides for this purpose, selection and dosing of biocide were done with APB and TBC tests in laboratory and finally in field (production line).  

Since Parts of Our Country are Situated in iodine deficient regions, the measurement of the element in foodstuffs is the first step in recognition and treatment of some diseases such as guatre. The measurement of some trace elements such as iodine by convention analytical methods is not practical (1). In this research, to achieve the lower detection limit, the method of neutron activation analysis was used. The presence of some elements such as aluminum, manganese, chlorine and sodium with high neutron capturing cross section of thermal neutron has the main interfering effect in iodine measurement. The epithermal neutrons were then used to reduce the interfering effect. The iodine content of the studied samples was different ,Where the North Hassani sample possesses the highest content of 493 ± 187.6PPm Lenjan sample has the minimal amount of <30ppm.