SHAHID CHAMRAN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
Year:2008 | Volume:NEW SERIES | Issue:19 (SECTION B)|Papers Count:13

A succession of thick bedded, massive, shelly and sometimes anhydritic limestones under the title of Tarbur Fm. and its type section in Kuh-e-Gadayon NE Shiraz were formally presented. The recent studies on Tarbur Fm. in type section shows that the real specifications of the mentioned formation were quite different from that which had been already identified, because not only the upper boundary of Tarbur Fm. in the mentioned section is undistinguished and faulty, but also a thickness of sediments of the uppermost of Tarbur Fm. is regarded as a part of Sachun Fm., and these defects make it necessary to choose and define a supplementary 'type section of Tarbur Fm. Therefore, for this research a supplementary type section in Kherameh section has been chosen and proposed as a complete and supplementary type section.

Inverse modeling usefulness in achieving management goals and obtaining optimal and precise parameters has been suggested to study and evaluate uncertainty to improve models' efficiency and to estimate correct hydrogeological parameters. In this study, based on geology of the study area, ground-water flow model of Kazeroun plain's aquifer was prepared, the automatic calibration method was evaluated and the effect of sensivity analysis and the analysis of statistical diagnostic on quantifying uncertainly were considered. After determining the goal and analyzing the input data of the model, preparing the conceptual model was begun. Then, according to the capabilities of MODFLOW-2000 in authorizing valuable statistics as outputs and also using nonlinear regression in optimizing hydrogeological parameters, the modeling procedure was accomplished taking into consideration (contemplating) the quantification of uncertainty of the data and model parameters. During the model design, the study area was divided into a grid with regular cells, and the initial and boundary conditions were determined. After assigning the unknown hydrogeological parameters, the automatic calibration procedure was used to determine their optimal values, and to increase the quality of the calibration, the calculated sensitivities, correlation coefficient, and confidence intervals were used. Sensitivity analysis process and evaluating confidence intervals have been used in the quantification of the model and parameter uncertainties. These statistical diagnostics cannot be obtained using trial-and-error calibration method, and therefore, the model which. would be driven through this method, would have a low reliability.

Geochemical analysis of 9 samples from two subsurface sections (well No. Az 85 & well No. Az 11) of Ahvaz Sandstone Member of Asmari Formation in Ahvaz oil field were plotted on sandstones classification diagrams. Based on these data, sandstones are quartzarenite, subarkose and sublitharenite. Also, geochemical studies using discrimination, biplot and ternary diagrams determined the quartzose recycled provenance (craton and recycled orogen) and passive margin tectonic setting for these sandstones. Also, determination of weathering index of sandstones in source area, with the use of CIW’ index represented medium weathering index for these sandstones in the source area. However, this subject can be explained by arid to semi-arid climate in the recycled orogen. These conclusions are in harmony with deposition of these' sandstone~ over passive margins of Asmari forland basin.

Oil generation from source rocks is controlled by time and temperature and formation temperature is affected by various parameters. Thermal history can be reconstructed from burial history whose rate is related to sedimentation rate. Zagros folding has affected source rock properties characteristics. In this study, maturity of Kazdumi and Pabdeh-Gurpi in a cross section through Gachsaran anticline was determined by using thermal modeling. It is shown that maturity and expulsion increased from top anticline toward flanks. Kazdumi formation entered oil generation from Oligocene to Miocene. The deeper part of Gachsaran anticline Kazdumi is at the end oil window whereas in shallower part it is at the beginning of oil generation. Pabdeh-Gurpi has lower maturity than Kazdumi and only in deep part; it is in early oil generation. Volumetric calculations of Kazdumi oil generation show that the volume of expelled oil varies in different locations. No hydrocarbon was expelled from Pabdeh-Gurpi Fromations.

The sandstone zones of the Asmari reservoir in the Mansuri oil-field have occurred in 2, 3, 4, and 5 of reservoir zones. The first two of these units are the main horizons of sand problems due to weak/lack of cementation or loose particles. In the present study, these zones were studied and evaluated on the basis of well logs, thin sections and also petrophysical data. The results showed that less cementation phenomenon and sand problems are present in the central and eastern parts of the field, especially in the upper part of zone 2. On the other hand, cementation and cohesiveness of grains increase toward the water-oil contact. On the basis of petrographical studies, it is clear that the Asmari reservoir sandstone horizons mineralogically consist of quartz, calcite, dolomite, anhydrite, and gypsum. The sorting of the particles is weak to intermediate. The results of this study indicate that one of the most important reasons for lack of cementation is the hydrocarbon migration and its emplacement in sandstone horizons of the Asmari reservoir. Because the relative permeability of the pore water is decreased, due to the emplacement of hydrocarbon, the rate of cementation will be reduced. In addition, the lithological variation and its distribution is an important controlling factor.

Due to mining and smelting processes in the Sar Cheshmeh region, in south western of Kerman province, a significant amount of sulfur dioxide (789 tons/day) and aerosols are emitted to the atmosphere. In order to investigate the effect of these emissions on acidity and chemical composition of precipitations in the studied region, pH and chemical composition of several precipitations (in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007) were determined in different principle geographic directions of the Sar Cheshmeh copper complex. The results show the occurrence of acid rains in the Sar Cheshmeh region. Concentrations of major cations and anions in precipitations have the following sequences: Ca2+>Na+>NH4+>K+>Mg2+ and SO42->HCO3->Cl->NO3 and these concentrations (especially sulfate) are higher than usual amounts in the world. Results also show that precipitations in this region contain significant quantities of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd and that intensity of pollution and acidity is higher in the north and northeastern part of the studied region that coincide with the main directions of wind. The heavy metal contents of the precipitations have the following sequence: Cu>Zn>Pb>Cd, and the sequence of their enrichment factor (E.f.) relation to global mean is as follows: Zn<Cd<Zn<Cu. Correlation between the heavy metals abundances in snow and rain and their abundances in aerosols emitted from stacks as well as higher acidity and pollution in samples of northern and northeastern part of the studied region indicate that the main source of the pollution and acidity is the emissions from the smelter and other part of the Sar Cheshmeh copper complex.

Dasht-e-Abbass aquifer is one of the significant groundwater resources in the northwest of the Khouzestan province and the annual rate of abstraction is more than 20 MCM. In spite of quantitative favorability, the dissolved solid of groundwater in the vast part of the aquifer is remarkable and the dominant anions and cations are respectively sulfate and calcium. The result of the chemical analysis indicated geochemical evolution and the hydrochemical facies are sulfate-calcium-magnesium, chloride-sodium-calcium and chloride-sodium-calcium. In spite of increasing ratio of chloride, the ratio of sulfate concentration is almost decreasing. The reducing rate of sulfate concentration does not mean the reduction in the absolute rate of sulfate evolutionary path, but indicates that concentration of chloride is more than sulfate concentration. In statistical description the hydrochemical data, the ratio of bicarbonate ions to sulfate and sodium to chloride is being discussed. The evaluation of gypsum saturation indices of the groundwater samples in the hydrochemical evolutionary path revealed that groundwater has been supersaturated with respect to gypsum. The aim of this investigation was to ascertain qualitative condition of groundwater and to describe the int1uencing chemical processes in Dasht-e-Abbass.

Surficial features cannot be served as major indicators of zones with high potentials of ground water in Karst hydrogeology. Therefore, it is recommended that subsurface investigations should be combined with geomorphology to find locations of high yield wells in karstic terrains. In this research, coupling of surface analysis and geoelectric study were applied for prospecting of potentials of Karst waters in Asmari Anticline, north east of Khuzestan. Geoelectrical tomography of subsurface was done by data inversion using RES2DINV. The solution of Jacobian matrix of geoelectric data in Asmari Anticline was done using smoothness constrained algorithm and finite element methods. Three profiles in the study area were investigated by electrical tomography. The results show that deep karstification in Asmari Anticline miscorrelated with surficial indicators of ground water. The surface and deep Karst in study area are mero and holo karst, respectively, based on geomorphology, drilling data, and geoelectrical investigations. It is concluded that determination of zones with high karstification In Asmari Anticline cannot be rely on surface indicators of ground water soley.

In recent years significant losses in mariculture have occurred due to parasitic infections such as Lepeophtheirus sp. and Caligus sp. The parasitic investigations are mainly restricted to salmonid hosts although it was found to be problematic in other cultured marine fish species. Acanthopagrus latus and Acanthopagrus bifasciatus are two commercially important fishes of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea and there is an intention to be used as cultured species in Persian Gulf. Despite the importance of these fishes, there is no comprehensive report about parasitic fauna of these fishes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infestation of these two fishes to metazoan parasites. For this purpose, 40 fresh, dead individuals of Acanthopagrus latus and also 40 individuals of Aconthopagrus bifasciatus were caught from Ahvaz fish market from October 2005 to May 2006. After the initial biometry, different organs of fishes were examined for parasitic helminthes and arthropods by standard parasitological methods. According to the obtained results, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus had higher prevalence of helminthes infestation (97.5%). The prevalences of trematoda, nematoda and crustaceans infestation in this fish were 95%, 55% and 32.5% respectively. The parasites that have been recognized in this fish species were: trematoda, including Polylabroides sp., Lamel/odiscus sp., Syncolium sp., Asymphylodora sp.; nematoda, including Capillospirura sp., Capillaria sp., Contoracaecam sp., Gnathostoma sp., Raphidascaris sp., and crustaceans including Caligzts sp. And Lepeophtherius sp. The prevalences of trematoda, nematoda and crustaceans in Acanthopagrus latus were 37.5%, 45% and 55% respectively. The parasites that have been recognized in this fish species were: trematoda, including Polylabroides sp. and Asymphylodora sp.; nematode, including Contoracaecam sp., Gnathostoma sp., Anisakis sp. larvae, and crustaceans, including Caligus sp., Lepeophtherius sp. and Actheres sp.

Human seminal includes enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants which have an important role in sperm function and viability by scavenging and neutralizing of free radicals. Therefore, it is possible that decrease in seminal total antioxidants capacity (TAC) can lead to profound effects on male fertilization. In this research, TAC activity in seminal plasma of infertile smokers and non-smokers men was measured and then its correlation with sperm parameters was investigated. Semen samples from infertile smoker (n=20) and nonsmoker (n=17) were provided at babol IVF centers and analyzed according to WHO criteria (World Health Organization). After centrifugation, seminal plasma was removed from sperm pellets and TAC concentration was measured in all samples by FRAP (Ferric Reducing of Antioxidants Powers). Results showed that there was a close correlation between seminal TAC and sperm parameters quality. Therefore, it is expected that decrease in smoker seminal TAC is one mechanism that leads to decrease in sperm parameters quality. Results obtained from our research and other research show that TAC concentration in human seminal is a very important factor for sperm viability and function, and decrease in its concentration jeopardizes male fertilization, especially smoking men.

Influenza is a viral disease caused by viruses in the family orthomyxoviridae. Influenza viruses have 3 types, A, Band C. Type A viruses are the most common, and endemic infections have been reported in swine, horses, wild birds, domestic poultry and humans. The present study was conducted to detect antibody titre against influenza A subtype H9N2 in blood sera of people with and without relation to poultry industry. One hundred blood sera were collected from veterinarian, veterinary students, poultry slaughterhouse workers, and one hundred blood sera were collected from people without relation to poultry industry. The antibody titer against influenza A subtype H9N2 was measured by hemagglutination inhibition test. The results showed that the mean antibody titer against influenza A subtype H9N2 in people related to poultry industry was higher than people without relation and the difference was significant (P<0.01). The mean antibody titer against influenza A subtype H9N2 in blood sera of men and women contacted with poultry industry was significantly higher than men and women without direct contact (P<0.05). It was concluded that in Iran people contacted with poultry industry are sensitive and have become infected with influenza A subtype H9N2 and they have developed antibody against influenza A subtype H9N2.

In this study, an easy and efficient method for preparation of cyclic dithiocarbonates and trithiocarbonates from the corresponding epoxides was developed. Trithiocarbonate anion was produced from the reaction of basic alumina and carbon disulfide, as solvent and reagent and used as a nucleophile in the ring opening of epoxides. In this method, cyclic dithiocarbonates and trithiocarbonates were obtained in good to excellent yields and in short reaction time.