HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA
Year:2005 | Volume:- | Issue:20|Papers Count:12

Categories such as experience and memory have always been controversial subjects in the domain of urban design. Therefore, dealing with these issues is unavoidable in the process of designing and theorization of human settlements. However, we as urban designer usually ignore the fact that these categories themselves have been under substantial transformation during the new age. Walter Benjamin, an important thinker of the recent century, is the one who studies these changes in the modern era and the metropolis. It is evident that those subjects comprise complicated elements, and it is impossible to study all of them in a short review such as this. Here, therefore we are just trying to find and understand the most important characteristics and results of this transformation through Benjamin's ideas and theories; such as: The dominance of lived experience and involuntary memory; reciprocal relationships between metropolis, memory, and experience; the experience of modernity and living in metropolis as transitory, fleeting, and fortuitous.

This is a glance to the contemporary urbanism in the world. Nowadays city has experienced many evolutions and metamorphoses, which we try to briefly describe and explore in this article. Our approach to city and urbanism is a little special, i.e. we try not to deploy the physical issues of it - as we do usually - but to recognize the roots and factors, and to state the realities we confront everyday. This interpretation of City can be considered as a period that begins with a steady focus on Functionalism, and continues with the recent tendencies toward Sustainability and Globalisation.By entering in the time of post - industrialism, the essence of city has changed a lot. It's been a major goal for the author to explore this essence through the literature and contemporary history of urbanism. For this purpose we do not clearly pronounce Modernism or Post- Modernism, as we believe that all these, one day melt into air. As regularity and paradox are the characteristics of contemporary city, we'll pay more attention to the society and economics and continue our exploration not through, but beyond the city form and framework.

The fields of Psychology - in general – and Educational Psychology - in particular - have a great deal to offer architectural educa-' tors and students in their search for training and becoming a better problem-solver and designer. Understanding the human nature of thinking and reasoning mechanisms, as the central issue of the design process, makes the major content in this article. This article reviews the subject of "thinking" and all related categories of: "types", "modes", and "styles" of thinking with respect to design. The subject of "interactive" model of thinking and design process, as the most comprehensive model of thinking, has been introduced in this article. For this purpose, the Iowa State University's "Complex Thinking Processes" model - which defines an interaction between "Content/Basic", "Critical", and "Creative" thinking - is integrated with a proposed model for design methodology - which introduces an interaction between three stages of "Understanding", "Idealizing", and "Presenting". At the end, some educational recommendations have been made in an attempt to set an educational methodology for Architectural Design education.

Not only do industries cause inconveniences such as sound, water and air pollution in surrounding residential areas, but they also result in serious environmental hazards like industrial wastes and debris, and pollution of water and soils by heavy metals. The aim of this paper is to present the design principles and tactics of abandoned industrial sites. The subject has found great importance due to rapid urban development, which removes industries from old urban textures and city centers. In recent years the idea of post-industrial landscape is an important notion in this regard which can be used to bring life and activities to these sites while maintaining their industrial identity. This research is focused on a part of the industrial zone located in the south of Tehran and aimed to present design tactics for improving the site. The industries in this area have to be transferred to the industrial towns around the city, according to comprehensive plan of Tehran and other urban approvals. The study shows that focusing on the industrial identity, recovering the site based on plant improving methods and combining the ecological and urban network are the most important principles in restoring the environmental conditions of the site under study and other similar cases.

In the 21th century, humanbeing realized that he can't continue living by opposing with his surrounding nature and environment hence considering the ecological parks after modernism - when humanbeing has been destroying the nature by ignoring environment- is a great issued cruciality. Rivers are taken into account as one of the sustainable nature ecosystem, because of their water, suitable soil and rich green space and people, since past years, have always been, and are, interested in enjoying their time going around the verge of river. Therefore, river, having vast biological potentials, can be appropriately used in building ecological parks. Revitalization of water courses and water ways, are among ideas that are quickly developing in many countries around the world. Recently our government has mainly coserned planning and organizing the ravines and riverfronts as natural promenades.This research is an anilysis on two type of successful worldwide experiences about riverfront ecoparks. hereupon, along with introducing the respective designing team, I analize the above mentioned riverfronts - as one of the potential areas in iran - and ultimately, comparing particular points, the result is given as a design for planning and designing the correspondent project with respect to the local condition and culture of different cases.

Planning and making a methodology is so effective in increasing the efficiency of industrial designers in their research and product design projects. This paper concentrates to underline the "value analysis" as an existing method which helps designers to find the best ideas. The value analysis technique supported cost reduction activities by relating the cost of components to their function contributions. The value of a product will be interpreted in different ways by different customers. Its common characteristic is a high level of performance, capability, emotional appeal, style, etc. relative to its cost. This can also be expressed as maximizing the function of a product relative to its cost:Value= (Performance+Capability)/ Cost= Function/Cost This paper has been divided into two main chapters. In the first chapter you find value analysis definitions, process, applied area and advantages. The next chapter concentrates on reasons which make value analysis feasible in theory (research) and action. In this chapter, we analyze common aims in industrial design and value analysis which provide answers for customer's needs and producer's requests.

The present research tries to give a true presentation of this public art and poly mediatiques by studying definitions and to ana-lyze essential parameters of the mural paint. The told is an art that because of its transferable substance had the abundant pictorial capacities to esthetic areas, sociological, psychological and particularly cultural, artistic, policy, et... . Thus this study exposes essential parameters of the creation of mural paint as the low essential by analyzing examples of this artistic tendency. Ensues, by looking these low essentials, proposes clean characteristics as; harmony of the mural to the wall, harmony of the work to the supported architecture, harmony of the work to surround it and finally harmony the mural to the pictorial spectator knowledge to execute opens a mural.The importance of this study in the teaching and the creation of this tendency is just as that it shows us differ it and the distance between the mural paint and the painted wall.

This essay studies and introduces the aesthetic specifications of safavid style wood carving. Since Safavid wood carving during the period of shah Tahmasp attains its perfection. Therefore in this research the wood carving concerning his era have been analysed on the basis of field observations. Aesthetic principles of Safavides wood carving not only from contexts viewpoints has its own origin in the beliefs of the relevant artisians, But also due to visual circumstances has been able to increase the unit and visual attraction of this artistic field. This specialty has not only created the foregoing style but also it is possible to use it for high quality of this artistic field in anytime. Iran woodcarving art in the reign of  Shahtahmasp like political and social situation was grown and formed in several stages. This growth that is observable in executive and drawing of this artform got its peak in three stages so we can devide the woodcarving of Shahtahmasp period into three time sections. That in this article discusses them. The characteristics of this woodcarving art in each of these p arts changed and provided the necessary back ground for the next part.

Photography and its various forms emerged in Iran three years after its emergence in Europe. (l.e. from 1839 in France) after the first difficult process of photography, in the form of daguerreotypes, photography extended in Iran as well as realizing its useful and functional applications were mostly due to interest, attention, and support Naser-od-din Shah Qajar paid to this newly developed art and technique. In additional there was some photographer pioneers from the Russia, France, Austria and specially Italy. Some of them where as officers or teachers in Dar-al- fonoun. (The technical high school In Tehran). The historical comparison of the growing and developing trends of photography in the 19th century proves that the pioneers of this technique and art in Iran made wonderful efforts. They had a key role in history of photography in Iran. Because some aspects of their activities known as a first photographic activities in the history of Photography in Iran. The study of these photographs enables us to follow the origin of the first Photographic activities in Iran as well as to follow the path of the photographers who took the early pictures in Iran during the early and middle years of Naser-od-din Shah's reign.In this article the author introduces various aspects of the life and works of four Italian pioneers of photography in Iran between (1853-1862).

The current article starts by studying the viewpoints of religious scholars and clerics about art and particularly theatre due to the fact that religion and religious beliefs play an important role in our society. It then discusses theatrical activities in the city of Qom. This part of the article is divided into 5 historical periods: 1- Before 1975 Theatrical activities were mainly restricted to performances in schools for special occasions. 2- 1975 to 1978- The theatre of Qom gained a special position in the country with the establishment of theatre groups outside schools and the participation of these groups in theatre festivals. 3-1978 to 1981- Various active groups interested in the art of theatre were established and held performances in the city. 4-1981 to 1996- Various art and culture organizations including the Institution for Culture and Islamic Guidance, the Qom Seminary Office for Information Dissemination and the Arts Assembly of the Islamic Information Dissemination Organization embarked on theatrical activities. During this period the theatre of Qom became active in various festivals. 5-1996 to 2003- A provincial theatre festival was held in Qom. The performances found their way to 10festivals outside the country and the number of theatre graduates reached a total of 51. In the end the article presents statistics of theatrical activities in Qom as a means to reach a conclusion.