Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Year:2013 | Volume:14 | Issue:6|Papers Count:16

Background and aims: Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most prevalent functional bowel disorders which is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habit in the absence of any observable causes (IBS). Hypnotherapy is suggested to be effective in decreasing symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome, but few studies have been done in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypnotherapy with drug therapy on severity and frequency of symptoms of patient's with irritable bowel syndrome.Methods: In this clinical trial study 34 IBS patients were divided into two groups of hypnotherapy plus drug therapy or drug therapy alone. Bowel symptoms severity and frequency Scale (BSS-FS) was used for evaluation of patient s’ symptoms in pre-test, post - test and 6 months after treatment (follow-up). Data were analyzed using Ancova test.Results: There were significant differences in the severity and frequency of IBS symptoms between the two groups in post-test stage regarding BSS-FS (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was abserved at follow up stage between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Hypnotherapy in addition to drug therapy might be effective useful in decreasing the severity and frequency of symptoms of IBS-D patients. However, stopping this treatment may lead to recurrence of the symptoms.

Background and aims: Methoxychlor pesticide is widely used to replace DDT. In this study, the possible effect of Methoxychlor was investigated on the hormone level of LH, FSH, testosterone, spermatogenesis and its possible role in male infertility.Methods: In this experimental study, 48 Wistar male rats were studied in six groups of 8. Different concentrations of the substance were injected in the experimental groups, i.e. 5, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 grams per liter per day. After 15 days, blood samples were taken and the levels of the hormone were checked. Normal distribution and statistical evaluation of data respectively was performed using ANOVA one-way analysis of variance and Paired t-test. P less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Results: Results showed a significant decrease in the amount of FSH and testosterone concentrations in the experimental group injected 100, 500 and 1000 grams per liter Methoxychlor, but LH levels in groups of 500 and 1000 grams per liter Methoxychlor showed a significant decrease. Due to chlorine in the group 1000 mg per liter. The density of sperm cells in the center of the spermatogenesis tube in the experimental group which received 1000mg/lit methoxychlor decreased compared to the control group s.Conclusion: Methoxychlor causes male sexual imbalances by changing in LH, FSH hormones concentrations, sperm condense, body and tastes weight.

Background and aims: The quantity and quality of sensory and motor block in spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric marcaine has not been investigated in diabetic patients. The present study was performed to detect the quality effectiveness of sensory and motor block in spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric marcaine in non-diabetic and diabetic patients.Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, 67 patients (32 diabetic and 35 non-diabetics with abdomen and lower organ surgeris were selected. After transferring the patients to the operating room, 3 milliliters of hyperbaric marcaine was injected with speed 20-15 seconds between the third and fourth lumbar vertebral space. After spinal anesthesia, onset patients assessed in terms of loss of pain, sensory block level, its duration and the start time and motor block. Data were collected using questionnaire, physical therapy, and patients’ records. Data were analyzed using statistical, independent t-test.Results: No significant differences in duration mean of anesthesia, mean time to reach the maximum level of sensory and motor blocks were discovered (P>0.05). The mean times of recovery residence were 55 ± 24.15 and 65.8± 38.6 in case and control groups, respectively.Conclusion: Marcaine hyperbaric use in diabetic patients can make appropriate sedating effect like non-diabetic patients. There is no difference in terms of complications in two groups.

Background and aims: Acrylamide is a usual chemical compound which is produced in both industrial and laboratory processes. It is formed in fried starchy foods especially potato products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of acrylamide on some blood biochemical enzymes, blood parameters and pathological effects on brain, renal and hepatic tissues in male rats.Methods: In this study, twenty mature male Wistar rats were divided in to two groups; the first group daily received 20 mg/kg acryl amide orally for 40 days. The second group received distilled water the same route and duration. At the end of the experimental period (40 days), six mice from each group were randomly selected and anesthesia. The blood samples were collected from the rats to determine some enzyme activities and hematology parameters. Also, the brain, liver, kidney and muscle samples were prepared for histopathologic assessment. Data were analyzed using Kolmogrov-Smirnov test and t-test.Results: The results revealed that in experimental group which received 20 mg/kg acrylamide orally for 40 days, the serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase showed a significant decrease (P<0.05), but no significant differences were observed in the total protein, urea nitrogen, creatininein and parameters in experimental group compared to control group (P>0.05). Elevated activity of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the experimental group was not significant as compared to the control group (P>0.05). It was not significant changes in hematological parameters of the treated group as compared to the control group. Histopathological investigation, however, revealed necrotic and degenerative changes in the liver, brain steam neuron and muscle fibers of acrylamide treated rats.Conclusion: The results of this survey suggest that acrylamide exposure causes tissue changes in nervous system, skeletal muscles and liver tissues. Therefore, it needs to study for reducing acrylamide exposure either industrial work or dietary regime.

Background and aims: Considering the consequences of family caregiving for patients with chronic illness on family caregivers'' mental health and well-being, this study investigates the effectiveness of group problem-solving training in reducing the burnout of caregivers'' women of Family Member with chronic illness.Methods: This is a semi-exprimental study with control group, pre-and post- test & follow- up design. Statistical sample included 40 caregiver women who were selected by purposive sampling among family caregivers referred to medical centers in Falavarjan. Participants were randomly assigned into two control and case groups (n=20). The case group participated in 8 Problem-solving training sessions. The both groups completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory in pre-and post tests and follow- up (2 months after the performance of educational program). Data were analyzed using Repeated Measure Analysis of Variance.Results: The case group reported lower mean scores for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, but higher mean scores for personal accomplishment than the control group (P<0.01).Conclusion: The findings of this study shows the effectiveness of group problem-solving training in reducing the caregivers'' burnout and it might be effective for determining the pereventive planning and treatment strategies for family caregivers.

Background and aims: Shigella is the most common cause of diarrhea. Plasmid antigen ipaD is essential for bacterial invasion into the host cells. One of the challenges of mucosal vaccines against Shigella based on ipaD proteins is its limited potency. It seems that by linking this ipaD to an appropriate carrier and adjuvant such as Ricin toxin B subunit we can render it very immunogenic. This study aimed to construct an expression vector containing RTB-ipaD gene cassette, sequence analysis and bioinformatics study.Methods: In this study, RTB and ipaD (163–483) genes were cloned into the pGEM-T vector. ipaD gene was fused to RTB gene with a linker encoding the GPGP in pGEM vector by restriction enzymes method. Then, the fused gene of RTB-ipaD was subcloned into the pET28a (+) expression vector. Finally, sequencing analysis and bioinformatics study of gene cassette was performed.Results: Construct validity of RTB-ipaD gene cassette into the pET28a (+) expression vector confirmed by PCR and enzymatic digestion. The results of sequencing of gene cassette were compatible with the related deposited gene in Gen bank. Bioinformatics studies base on the Codon Adaption Index showed that gene cassette is capable of expressing the transgenic plants, and some strains of E. coli.Conclusion: Linking of RTB as a carrier and adjuvant to antigen ipaD is a new and desirable approach in order to generate a mucosal vaccine for shigellosis.

Background and aims: Hospital wastes contain a vast spectrum of pathogen microorganisms. This is why the hospital wastes are set among the hazardous wastes. The aim of this study was to assess the applicable ways for hospital wastes disposal using SWOT (strong, wrong, opportunity threats) method in Shahrekord hospitals.Methods: This semi-experimental interval study was done through questionnaire and cuncrruent sampling in 2011. It was done in two stages, before and after the interference of SWOT. SPSS16 software program, paired t-test and K2 tests were used to analyze data.Results: Capital average of hospital wastes was 2.36 and 2.15 Kg/day-bed with 161 and 135.6 Kg/m3 density, respectively. Difference between the average weight of medicine waste constituents was significant (P=0.001) based on paired t-test for before and after the SWOT strategy. Hazardous part of the wastes was 4% by the weight. The results showed that the management process of hospital wastes have developed from middle rank (with 69.2 score) to good rank (with 76 score) after the SWOT strategy.Conclusion: A comprehensive practical program and a vast executive plan based on SWOT should be initiated to improve the present status of hospital wastes management in shahrekord. Personnel education and establishing a solid wastes management team is very important. The results of this research can be used as a base to establish a management and monitoring program for hospital wastes in Iran.

Background and aims: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important implication factors in kidney´s physiological function in diabetes mellitus. Having major role in filtration, in hyperglycemic condition kidney has shown more damages in comparison with other tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate kidneys histopathological changes during diabetes and nephropatic diabetic conditions. The effect of Prangos ferulacea on these changes was also evaluated.Methods: In this experimental study (40) female Wistar rats with body weight of 200± 20 gr were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 rats in each group. Diabetes was induced in rats by intrapritoneally injection of alloxan monohydrate in a dose of 120 mg/kg body weight (BW). Root and leaves with stems hydroalcoholic extract of Prangos ferulacea in a dose of 100 mg/kg B.W were injected orally in diabetic rats daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, renal tissue samples were processed and histological changes were investigated.Result: Diabetic rats compared with control group showed a significant increase in blood glucose and WBC, and a decrease in body weight. Further, renal tissue complications such as: messential matrix expantion, glumerular basement membrane thickness, glumerular shrinkage and increase in lymphocytic infiltration were observed. In diabetic rats treated by roots of hydroalcoholic extract of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. all of the previous signes were decreased, significantly (P<0.05).Conclution: These results showes that root hydroalcoholic extract of prangos ferulacea had useful effects on renal histopathological distruption induced by diabetes.

Background and aims: Iron oxide nanoparticles have been used as contrast agents in MRI and in thermal therapy for cancer cells. However, their adverse effects on human health have not been fully investigated. In this study the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on lever enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and TSH in rats were investigated.Methods: In this experimental study, 28 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Three intervention groups received iron oxide nanoparticle (in 20m g/kg, 50 m g/kg and 150 m g/kg doses, dissolved in 1 ml of distilled water) and the control group received 1 ml of distilled water through gavage tube daily for fifteen consecutive days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukeys tests.Results: The serum levels of ALP, ALT and T4 in the group receiving the maximum dose (150 m g/kg) showed a higher increase compared with control group (P<0.05) Serum AST level in groups receiving the medium (50 m g/kg) and maximum (150 m g/kg) doses showed more increase compared with control group (P<0.05). Serum TSH level in the groups receiving 50 m g/kg and 150 m g/kg doses underwent more decrease compared with control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study show that iron oxide nanoparticles have toxic effects on liver and thyroid gland in mice at high concentrations (150 m g/kg).

Background and aims: Autosomal Recessive Non-syndromic Hearing Loss (ARNSHL), in up to 50 percent of the cases, is caused by mutations in GJB2 (GJ: Gap Junction) gene, encoding connexin 26. However 10 to 42 percent of patients with recessive mutations are carriers of only one mutant GJB2 allele. Mutations in GJB4 gene encoding Cx30.3 can also lead to hearing loss. Mixing of different connexins in heteromeric and heterotypic GJ assemblies is possible. The aim of this study is to answer whether variations GJB4 gene can be the second mutant allele causing the disease in Digenic mode of inheritance in the GJB2 heterozygous cases studied.Methods: In this descriptive study 42 subjects with ARNSHL from seven provinces of Iran were examined and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) then conservation of involved amino acids was obtained. According to the variations found in patients, 200 hearing control samples were tested sequenced using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.Results: In GJB4 gene five heterozygous variations (c.451C>A, c.219C>T, c.507C>G, c.155_158delTCTG, c.542C>T) were found in five patients and 13 control individuals. c.542C>T variation was not detected in control samples and conservation score of corresponding amino acid was very high.Conclution: Regarding the obtained evidences, it is suggested that c.542C>T variation in GJB4 and other variations in this gene with lower possibility might contribute to ARNSHL in digenic pattern in heterozygote carriers of GJB2.

Background and aims: According to different reports about the demographic characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Iran, this study performed to determine the average age of morbidity and mortality from AMI and its changes over time.Methods: A Hospital-based retrospective cohort study (historical) including all patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to hospitals during the 10 years in Isfahan and Najaf Abad. Patients were followed for 28 days to investigate their outcome through telephone calls or attending at patients’ houses.Results: 12815 MI patients (72.6% men) were admitted to public and private hospitals of Isfahan and Najaf Abad during 2000-2009. The mean age for men was 60 ± 12.54 and for women was 66.72 ± 11.34 (P<0.001). The average age of disease occurrence was 61.52 ± 12.39 during 2000-04 and 62.15±12.74 during 2005-09 (P<0.001) and for mortality 68.73 ± 10.76 and 70.33 ± 10.89 (P<0.001), respectively.Conclusion: During the study period, the average age of MI occurrence and mortality in men and women had been increased, which could be a consequence of Increased life expectancy in the whole community and either preventive or curative programs in these two cities.

Background and aims: The recognition and the evaluation of a country’s research status are essential for the country’s research planners and policymakers as well as researchers within that country. Nowadays, the study of the quantity of scientific output (especially research articles and papers) is one of the most important factors in research and generation of science. The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database is presented by the ISI scientific information center, which is considered an important center in Scientometrics Studies. This study aims to look into the scientific output of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences (IR Iran)’ researchers until the end of 2011 using data taken from the science citation index, Web of Science (WOS).Methods: The research was application-descriptive. The data were gathered from the internet or from the WOS center. Using different spelling methods of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences from 1993 to 2011 in the search engine of the center under the heading of SCIE, an extensive search was carried out. The data gathered from this search were entered in the Histcite software. Descriptive statistics, percentages and some scientometric regulations were used to analyze the data.Results: The total number of documents by researchers in the Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the science citation index up until the end of 2011 was 142, which were published in 89 different magazines. The total number of references made to these articles was 352, with an average of 2.48 references to each article and the h-index of the university was 9. The total number of documents by researchers in Shahrekord University of medical sciences in this database increased from 1 document in 2000 to 45 documents in 2011 and the total number of citations made to university articles increased from 1 document in 2004 to 93 documents in 2011. The biggest portion of scientific production was related to general practitioners with 22 records (15.5%).Conclusion: Scientific output in the Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences has had an ascending trend and the rise in the number of references made to these articles show that the quality has also improved.

Background and aims: Dry eye syndrome is one of the most commn eye infections involvements. Dry eye syndrome increases the risk of eye infections and impairs the aye vision accuracy. Various studies have shown different conclusions about the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and dry eye syndrome. It seems that one of the causes of these differences is related to regional climate differences. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of dry eye disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy individuals in hot and dry weather areas and prevalence of dry eye syndrome in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis.Methods: In this case - control in this study include: control study, 60 Nfrmbtla rheumatoid arthritis and 60 healthy subjects who were homogenized from age and sex were included in this study and their well being, clinical brshrh Schirmer test, tear meniscus, fluorescein, and tears were evaluated. In patients who were positive for one or more of these tests dry eye syndrome was diagnosted. Data were enalyzed using chi-square test.Results: From 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis 32 (53%) had definite dry eye syndrome and 15 patients (25%) had prolable dry eye syndrome. In the control group, 6 patients (10%) had dry eye syndrome and there was a significant differences between thise two in the presence of dry eye syndrome (P<0.01)Conclusion: This study showed a significant correlation between dry eye syndrome and rheumatoid Arthritis.