Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Year:2001 | Volume:3 | Issue:2|Papers Count:15

Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors for atherosclerosis, which in tern is a basic factor in development of infarction and other heart diseases. Although there are useful drugs to reduce hyperlipidemia, but more effective drugs, with less side effects are yet necessary. It has been claimed that vitamin C might be effective in reducing hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of this vitamin on blood triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), in patients using lovastatin. In a double blind, clinical study, 62 hyperlipidemic patients, designated into two groups, equally. After a blood test for lipids, group one received 1000mg vitamin C and group two placebo. Both groups were using lovastatin for their hyperlipidemia. After .10 weeks their blood were checked for cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL and compared with these parameters before vitamin C usage.None of these parameters changed except, HDL. The HDL of patients using vitamin C increased compared with placebo group, or with the HDL before vitamin C usage (P<0.05).Therefore, although vitamin C cannot reduce cholesterol, triglyceride or LDL, however, adding it to hyper lipid regimen, seems to be useful, due to increasing HDL in patients.

Since headaches is one of the most common medical complains, the general indications for neuroimaging in headache patients are still a matter of dispute. This study was performed in order to evaluate the role of neuroimaging in the management of the headache.A retrospective study was performed over the information collected from medical records of 500 headache patients presenting to tabriz Imam Khomeini and Razi hospitals in order to identification of the role of neuroimaging modalities in the management of patients with headache. It is revealed from this study that primary (without organic cause) and secondary headache (with an organic cause) constitute %91.6 and %8.4 of cases, respectively, with the brain tumor being the most frequent pathology of 458 patients with primary headache, 70 cases underwent one of neuroimaging examinations such as CT Scan. All patients with secondary headaches, also, underwent CT and the organic pathology was determined primarily by CT including brain tumor (25 cases),. subarachnoid hemorrhage (9 cases), aneurysm (4 cases), subdural hematoma (3 cases) and one brain hydatid cyst. The next imaging modality used among above mentioned patients was MRI or angiography which has been requested in 12 and 2 patients, respectively.It is concluded that neuroimaging request must be restricted to patients with symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure and abnormal findings in neurological examination and those with headache in associated with changes in intensity and quality.

The objective of this paper is to explore some of the characteristics of effective teachings in higher education, especially in the nursing schools at medical sciences universities. In this article, first, characteristics of effective teaching in general and in Nursing Schools in specific have been attended to.. In the end, some of the specifications such as the teacher's interpersonal style, teaching strategies, communication style, use of one's experiences in teaching, evaluation and feedback to effective teaching by Nursing instructors, especially as perceived from the perspectives of students, were drafted with an emphasis on the interrelationship between teachers and students in theoretical as well as practical fields. Furthermore, emphasis has been placed in this paper on creating new and innovative thought in instructors of nursing so that they can activate students further in theoretical and practical areas.

Cardiovascular diseases especially atherosclerosis are the most important causes of mortality in our country. Nowadays coronary angioplasty with and without stent is one of the most important procedures for treating these diseases. In spite of develop in this course coronary re- stenosis is the most important cause of limitation of these diseases.The object of this study is evaluation of coronary re-stenosis after angioplasty in Chamran hospital. We selected 204 patients under angioplasty in Chamran Hospital in simple random clustering method, according to sex and type of angioplasty (with or without stent) and finally 22 patients of each group were studied. They followed the months after doing angioplasty for re-stenosis evaluation. Prevalence of re-stenosis in groups without stent & with stent were %25.5 & 29.5% respectively that related to artery diameter inversely presence of CVD risk factors.Although with application of stent, rate of re-stenosis. 15 high research for newer procedures to decrease re-stenosis is necessary.

Effective communication with parents, for all of children, specialy for adolescents is very important.The aim of this study was investigation and comparison of adolescent's communication of problem with parents from the view points of adolescents and parents.The present research is a descriptive- analytical of cross- sectional type. 415 adolescents and 230 couples of their parents participated in the study.Sampling was in clustered random. The tools for gathering data has been two questionnaires.The results indicate, there is a meaningful difference between adolescents points of view with those of parents in such cases as adolescents communicational problems with parents in the aspect of sexual maturity, independcy and personality enhancing.The adolescents in their communication with their parents have communical problems in the fields of independency, sexual maturity and personality enhancing.

Hemophilia A and B are two type of coagulation disorders with specific complication due to disease and its treatment consequences. The prevention of truma and factor replacement are cornerstone of therapy in hemophilia. In this study, the efficacy of prophylactic tranexamic acid (TEA) in reducing bleeding episodes and factor replacement was evaluated.In this study, 28 hemophilic patients were divided into two groups, group 1: TEA was used for 2 months (20mg/kg, oral tablet). In groupe2 any adjunctive therapy not used.In-group 1 bleeding episode and need for factor replacement, were decreased significantly (p<0.05). But surprisingly PIT was increased significantly in-group 1, probably due to decreased factor replacement by the pts. In groups, 2 bleeding episode and need for factor replacement were not+ different prior and during study. Our experience would suggest that daily prophylactic use of TEA is effective in reducing bleeding episodes in hemophilia, but due to increased PTT (probably due to decreased factor replacement by the pts) the risk for life threatening bleeding would be high, and also complete block of fibrinolytic pathway during TEA therapy is a dangerous consequence. So we do not recommend the use of TEA as prophylaxis in hemophiliac patients.  

Depression, one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the world, is common among adolescents. Social and psychology scientists believe that if the family plays its roles correctly in social, educative and cultural areas, they could make healthy and normal members for the society. Otherwise psychological and personality disorders will appear in the society especially among children and adolescents. So, the role of parents and interpersonal relationships with adolescents seem to be important in development and continuation of their depression, hopelessness and suicide...The object of this study is to determine association between patterns of parental behaviors with depression and suicidal thoughts among adolescents. This study is a cross-sectional, correlative research performed in 15 high schools in Isfahan- Iran. In this research, data have been collected with a questionnaire. Then, the patterns of parent-adolescent relationships have been categorized into 7 categories by the viewpoint of the adolescents regarding content of care and protection. The final number of samples in this study was 323 adolescents at ages between 14-17 years. levels of depression and frequency of suicidal thoughts among adolescents in each category have been surveyed, and tested by One-Way ANOVA and Chi-square statistical tests by SPSS statistical software. Prevalence of depression and suicidal thoughts among adolescent students were about 4304and 32.7 percent respectively. The highest mean depression score (27.7) and the highest frequency of suicidal thoughts (58.3 percent) have been seen among adolescents who described their parents' behavior as "Autocratic" and the less mean depression score (10.4) and the less frequency of suicidal thoughts (11.6 percent) have been seen among those who described to have "Democratic" parents. Also, we have found that with decreasing "control" and increasing "care" in parent-adolescent relationships, the mean depression score and relative frequency of suicidal thoughts have been decreased. These findings were significant with one-way ANOVA and Chisquare statistical tests with p=0.00 in both cases.Parent-adolescent relationship has an important role in mental health of adolescents. According to the findings of this study, the best behavior from parents is to give the adolescents more freedom and having such a relationship with them that they feel to be in love and at support, but not in continuous control.

In spite of multiple benefits of physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents, health, as well as for prevention of chronic diseases later in life, detailed data concerning their PAis limited in our community.  To determine the PA duration and intensity, as well as the energy expenditure in adolescents by a simple self-report. This cross-sectional study was performed among 2000 students, ages 11-18, selected by multi-stage random sampling and with equal proportion in both genders in middle and high school levels in Isfahan. A simple self-administered questionnaire consisting of 9 scales of PA from inactivity (0.9 METs) to vigorous activity (>6 METs) used in European countries was validated and filled out by 100 selected samples. Overall, 1894 filled questionnaires (94% of total) were returned.Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t and Pearson correlation tests at P<0.05. The mean age of subjects studied was 14.7±1.1 years in girls and 14.5±1.2 years in boys. The mean daily PA with an intensity of more than 2 METs in boys was significantly higher than girls 36.9±6.8 vs.26.6±4.2, respectively, (P<0.001). The daily energy expenditure by activities with more than 2 METs of intensity in the middle school students was 1000.3±128.5 Kcal in girls, and 2395.6±172.4 Kcal in boys (P<0.001).Considering the high school students, these values were 1469.8±190.7 and 2146.3±399.7 Kcal, respectively (P<0.001).In both genders, PA duration and level was lower in high school than middle school students. A significant inverse relationship was found between the mean daily PA with the mean weight (r=-0.64, P<0.001), and with the mean body mass index (r=-0.71, P<0.001).Findings of the present study provide a simple and valid self-report questionnaire and shows an undesirable PA level in adolescents especially females and high school students. This finding emphasizes the necessity to pay more attention to PA promotion in youth, and to provide facilities in this regard.

One of the important health indices showing health status of a society is health index of mortality rate of children <1 year. There are many negative parameters weakening potentiality of children in growth and development of which some can be categorized as social factors. This research has tried to investigate some factors as education level, parents' jobs, maternal care, the times of child care, breast feeding and <1 year children mortality. This is a descriptive comparative retrospective study in which there were 121 less then 1 year children (dead and live) referring to Isfahan health centers selected with all including criteria. The data were collected by questionnaires and categorized into two groups, to be investigated and compared. Content validity and standardized fixed forms were used for questionnaire validity and reliability respectively.The data were analyzed by descriptive inferential statistics (X2, T-test). The findings showed that there was a significant association between parents' education, fathers' jobs. Mothers' jobs, manner of breast feeding, the times of child care, maternal care and mortality of children <1 year.Regarding the results, it seems that government, organization, and authorities concerning health strategies as well as health provider staffs play a major role in prediction and control of social factors affecting infants' mortality. These roles can be in forms of education, socio economic and cultural status promoting plans among men and women as well as enhancement of public knowledge.

Although cutaneous fungal diseases have been prevalent in Yazd province, no documention of their prevalence is available. The purpose of this study was to study the agents of prevalent cutaneous fungal diseases in Yazd province.This research was conducted in Yazd from November 1996 to September 1997.Five hundred eighty seven referers were male and remaining four hundered seven were female. 268 patients had cutaneous fungal diseases including: dermatophytosis, candidiasis, tinea versicolor, erythrasma and thrichomycosis axillaris. The age groups 0-9 years and 10-19years old were the most infected ones.The etiologic agents of cutaneous fungal diseases were Trichophyton violaceum, T. Verrucosum, Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton floccosum, T. schoenlieni, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, M. gypseum. Candida albicance and Candida SPP.Tinea capitis, Tinea corporis, Tinea mannum, Tinea pedis, Tinea cruris, Tinea unguium and Tinea barbae were among the cases of clinical dermatophytosis observed. Tinea capitis was prevalent in the age group 0-9 years old. Cases of Endothrix, Ectothrix and Favus reported were 54.2, 43.5 and 1.6%, respectively. 9 cases of dermatophytosis were familial.This research shows that Tinea capitis and Tinea corporis are the most prevalent fungal disease in Yazd province, respectively. Moreover, few superficial infections were also observed including Tinea versicolor, erythrasma and Thrichomycosis axillaris.

Long term diseases and their psycho-cognitive physiologic defects or signs affect life quality of the patients in different life stages and threaten their health resulting in their disabilities. Multiple sclerosis (MS) as a long-term life threatening disease can make acute disabilities affecting patients' life trend. Unknown manner of disease, poor prognosis and treatment on one hand and hard prevention on the other hand have all limited the treatment to a supportive one although patients can have almost a normal length of life with appropriate self-care. Self care can well diminish the disease extension and complications; provides the patient, with a better life quality and his family with a better coping ability against new conditions. So this study was carried out with the above title.This study was quasi-experimental and the method of data gathering was questionnaires which included two sections as follows 26 MS patients referring to private and clinic of Isfahan Alzahra hospital were selected by convenient sampling.After that, the subjects started self-care programs for three weeks and then life quality questionnaire was filled either with the patients or the researcher. The findings were analyzed and compared with former findings through descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings showed a noticeable increase in life quality mean score in domain of physical function (P<0.001), psycho cognitive domain (p<0.001), social function (P<0.001) and general health (p<0.001) after self care program. There was also a sharp increase in total life quality score after self-care program compared with before that.The findings showed that self-care could positively affect life quality items.It is hoped that by formation of educational supportive associations or at least a well equipped rehabilitation center for the patients, the patients can be provided with facilities of self-care as well as a condition in which the patients themselves carry out their self care.