HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA
Year:2005 | Volume:- | Issue:21|Papers Count:14

Iran is located in one of the most active tectonic regions of the world and has experienced many destructive earthquakes. These earthquakes have resulted in the death of thousands of the people and destruction of the many villages and cities. One of the measures for confronting the consequences of the earthquakes is proper sitting of important facilities, such as the post-earthquake relief centers.In this article site selection for post-earthquake relief centers in one of the densest parts of the Tehran city (Zone 11), using GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Press (AHP) is presented. For the purposes of this study, site selection criteria for post-earthquake relief centers were extracted from the relevant literature. Using GIS-overlay analysis, probable sites for relief centers were identified. Analytic Hierarchy Press (AHP), a multi-criteria evaluation technique, was used to select the most suitable site for a post-earthquake relief center.In this paper, in addition to site selection for post-earthquake relief centers in zone 11 of Tehran city, a simple, flexible and rational methodology for similar site selections has been presented.

This paper studies the role of the Modem urban planning in the occurrence of traffic violations of pedestrians of the old fabric of Tabriz city. In addition to the documentation review of the field observations, the methodology employed in this study is the comparison of present maps, and rational analysis as well. The relevant investigations suggest that in the old fabric, traffic violations of the pedestrians depend on the severance of the physical fabric, the density of the urban activities resulted from the centrality of the area, the poor continuity of pedestrian networks, and the like. Since the occurrence of traffic violations is due mainly to the unsystematic planning and the lack of a adaptability of the modern and the old urban networks than the culture of violation itself, therefore its appearance is not only a natural reflection but also due to this very reason, seems to be inevitable. On the base of findings of the study, in the first place, the necessary action for the improvement or decrease of the culture of violence is the improvements of design and in the later stages, education and creation of the relevant culture.

The existence of common measures of beauty between vast groups of people is undeniable. This is because between two subjective and objective aspects of beauty, the latter is dominant. In fact discourse about common aesthetic measures in urbanism, is based on objective aspect of beauty and the existence of beauty as an external reality. This article tries to seek the way to achieve the aesthetic analysis originated from common measures that are based on fundamental theories of philosophy of art. After proving objectivism in aesthetic judgment, Formalism is discussed which is the most compatible theory of aesthetics to urban field.At the beginning of the last century, Formalism was intensively impressed by psychology. This impression is seen in Arnheim's ideas and intermingling them with Gestalt psychology, has brought up Formalism in the aesthetic approach. Formalism has a basic role in aesthetic analysis of the form of the urban space, which can be integrated to two parts: visual elements and the way of combination of them. Explanation of each of these parts would result the aesthetic analysis of urban space.

The effort of this text is concentrated on a relatively clear and complete interpretation of modernity. Though modernity creates a disturbed unattainable situation, comprehension of nature of modernity will lead to understanding of modernism and the different urban modernizations which from the most initial circle of production and regeneration cycle. The cycle which has transformed us to what we are.This effort seeks the fixed principles from the masterpiece of Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe: "Faust". Viewpoint of Goeth toward modernity leads us to the principles in the path of alternation out of the modern subject, consistency and continuity of which will make the man wondered in the area of city. In other words, the manifestation of this two-sided alternation is attainable in the symbolic hero of modern city: "Faust".In- fact by achieving such principles and contemplation to them, a new reception of contemporary urbanization and modern cities will be acquired.This contemplative appreciation can be called: "Faust development model."

Rethinking about architectural creation guide us to an expanded area of meaning, concepts and approaches. Scrutinizing the bases of these different approaches help us to find a new way through them.This article, at first, reviews different cultures" views about "TIME". These apprehensions of time have relation with human "s situations in the world. Then three situations, theological, metaphysic, and positivism are explained. They lead us to two sides, one of them knows architectural creation as a novelty activity. This view defines architectural design, as a cognitive activity that is related to human's mind and his mental perception. Architectural design is mysterious and intuitive activity according to the second view. This article knows the creation of architectural work between these two extremes.Drawing a new method to investigate the creation of architectural works and defining it in a new and profound way is the aim of this article. So, it explains levels of creation (divine and human), creation and its meaning through different areas of human's knowledge such as pure science, humanities, art, and architecture, two sides of creation (physical and essential), aims and utilizations. Then it shows that they have relation with each other in an epistemological background. The last studies help us to draw our new method for studying architectural creation.

There are a considerable number of definitions regarding design process in architecture and creativity in architectural design, which always addressing essential issues such as memory, talent, Intelligence, Creativity, etc. This feature is regarding systematic approach in architectural design process. Human Intelligence fall into following groups: Linguistic Intelligence, Logic-Mathematical Intelligence, Musical Intelligence, Body-Kinetic Intelligence, Interpersonal Intelligence, Intra-personal Intelligence and Spatial Intelligence, which is the most important part of our discussion. Students" personal temperaments and appropriate attitudes could be used in creative motivation in architecture design. Environment, conditions and atmosphere of laboratory are so important in interactive design process. Creative architecture design process contains five constructive steps such as: first insight, preparation, inculcation, Intuition or illumination, and verification. Conscious, unconscious and free-ranging criteria are playing a crucial role in architectural of design process. Creative architecture design process happens, when students would use the following levels. These essential branches and pivotal levels could be categorized in following steps self-realization, self-trust or self-sufficiency, feedback process, appropriation and sufficient provision, creative education. These five steps, along with intelligent educators and skilful teachers, might possibly guarantee a successful architectural education.

In Contemporary architecture, there is a renewed tendency towards multi functional architecture, which has been one of the basic principles of our traditional architecture. Schools are among those architectural spaces which with their special departments have a good potential in undertaking different roles in community. But in our nowadays society, we see High walls surrounding schools that blocks this useful interaction between school and community. In this paper, a model of a school is introduced which along with its main functions, serves the community in different aspects and Several characteristics of this model school such as resources centralization and its appropriate allocation in community are discussed regarding urban planning. And design criteria. Other characteristics such as educational level and gender specification are also considered in this model. Organization of the community center according to the community school location is discussed in the last part.In conclusion, it is suggested that schools not only can play a multidimensional roles in community, but they can also be very effective in reorganization of the community center. They can be considered as the cultural unifier heart of the community center and with allocation of community square and community pedestrian lane in coordinance with community school, it is conceivable that lively spirit of traditional community revive in our societies.

Because his name appears variously as Riza "Aqa Riza" and Riza Abbasi "scholars have question whether he was one person or two or three. To do justice to the study of Riza "one must first posses a general familiarity with the history of Safavid Iran in the period leading up to shah Abbas's reign. While written history sheds light on the influential occurrences and personages of Safavid era "Riza's works bring to life the society united under Abbas. Stylistic contrasts within the large body of works attributed to Riza have further complicated the question of his identity. Fortunately "epigraphic evidence in the form" signatures and inscriptions on Riza's work historical documentation and the style of the themselves combine convincingly to support the notion of Riza' s single identity. Besides the inscribed works which refer to Riza, the key primary documents for the study of his life and career are the biographical notices of three historians writing at the turn of sixties and seventies centuries, Qazi Ahmad Qomi, Iskandar Munshi, and Valeh Isfahani. The analysis of Riza's style points up certain congruencies of motif, pictorial treatment, attitudes to subject matter and embodiment of abstract principles. These notices are quated and discussed in this article.

The findings of this study are the results of the author's field studies and experimental research in graphics, a comprehensive search in information networks, a library review and a historical study, in which the author has tried to describe the significant aspects of Kamal Al-din Behzad's art management in the golden era of Iran's history of art.The main objective of the present study is to examine the procedures and patterns of Kamal Al-din Behzad's art management. The assumptions of the present research are as follows: 1. Kamal al-din Behzad's artistic and experimental conditions have been in accordance with applying art management. He was a professional artist and had understood the experi ences of managers before him and deserved such a position. 2. Kamal Al-din Behzad's approach could be perceived from his paintings and the historical records and documents, ("Decree of the Appointment of master Kamal ai-Din Behzad as Head of Royal Library").3. According to the educational system of that period (master! apprentice), it is assumed that Kamal Al-din Behzad, the trained artist of that system, practiced the management method of a leadership type.

The Bahmanids were the first muslim dynasty that ruled in Deccan independently at the 8, 9 and 10th century. The founder of this dynasty had an Iranian lineage. He and his successors paid special attention to the culture and civilization of Iran. They employed Persians in the important political and social posts such as Wezara and Sedara. In this period many of the Iranian scholaries, artisans, architects and etc. immigrated to Deccan and extended the culture and civilization of their native country particularly in the field of architecture there. The monuments of Deccan in this period mostly have built by Iranian architects. Many of these monuments have remained intact in their capitals, Gulbarga and Bidar. The great mosque of Gulbarga, for example, that was built in 769/1367, by a native of Qazvin, Raft son of shams, is one of the most beautiful and won derful mosques in Islamic world. This mosque clearly showing the influences of Iranian style. Another building in this period that shows the influence of Persians is the Madrasa of Gawan, the prime minister of bahmanids and a native of Gilan. This building is the complete imitation of the four iwan type schools in the Timurids of Iran. This article intends to survey the influence of Persian architecture in some of the monuments of Bahmanis period.