Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research
Year:2000 | Volume:8 | Issue:30-31|Papers Count:22

Background: The biological function of nerve-growth factor (NGF) is initiated by specific interactions with extracellular sites of two classes of NGF receptors (NGFR). The receptor expression is shown to be induced by neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer. and Parkinson's disease. The extracellular region of NGFR is found to be truncated (T-NGER) and diffused into biological t1uids such as urine. The determination of T-NGFR in the biological fluids, therefore, may be used as a marker to determine the stage of neurodegenerative diseases.Objective: This study was designed to develop a t1uororeceptor assay (FRA) for determinaion of T-NGFR in urine. Methods: NGF was purified from the submaxillary glands of mice and labeled by t1uoresein isothiocyanate (F-NGF). Then antiserum against F-NGF was raised in rabbit.Results: When F-NGF was incubated with rabit anti-flurescein serum, fluorescein intensity of F-NGF was quenched significantly. However addition of urine sample in the assay mixture reversed the fluourscence intensity, to a level near to that of F-NGF alone. It appears that binding of the protein moiety of F-NGF with urinary T-NGFR prevents subsequent binding of the t1uorescein groups by anti-fluorescein. The results indicated that the t1uorescence intensity of the assay mixture directly ret1ects the amount of T-NGFR in the urine. Conclusion: It is concluded that the avilability of fluorescein - labeled NGF and anitibody against it permits measurement of T-NGFR in urine. The quality of the assay and it's preliminary clinical application for nerurodegenerative diseases have been evaluated.

Post - anesthesia shivering is a common problem in the recovery room with detrimental effects including increased oxygen consumption & hypoxemia . We have compared the effects of pethedine & chlorpromazine in the treatment of post anesthesia shivering.68 patients who shivered after routine surgezy were allocated ramdomly to receive chlorpromazine 0.15 mg/kg/v (n=34) or pethedine 0.4 mg/kg/v (n=34) after 15 min, 26 patients in chlorpromazine group (76.6%) & 30 patients in pethedine group (88.2%) have stoped shivering.No statistically significant difference between the effect of chlorpromazine & pethedine in treatment of post anesthesia shivering were noted (P=1.41).We conclude that chlorpromazine (0.15 mg/kg/v) was effective in the treatment of postanes the sia shivering.

Migrain is a chronic and paroxismal - neurologic disorder. It is prevalence rate among 50 country is 4-6% and 13-17% in male and female respectivly the highest prevalance rate of migrain is evident during the reproduc- -tive age of 25-55 years.Studies was Performep in U.S.A Shows TH- At the Prevalance rate of migrain is higher among physicins as compare to general population. The main aim in this study is to determine the prevalance rate of migrain in medical practioner and students of zanjan medical university.In this study 554 individuals (350 males, 204 female) with an age group ranging from 17-45, years, were selected.On the bases of I.H.S Criteria 33(9.42% males and 28 (13.72%) females were suffering from migrain.In other word, out of 554 cases totally 61 (11.01%) individuals, irrespective of sex, were suffering from migrain among which 8 (24.2%) males and 7 (25%) females were showing the signs of aura too.

β - galactosidase is one of lysosomal anzyms that it s deficiency occures in many of genetic and aquired diseases. Isolation and assay of (EC.3.2.1.2.3).β - galactosidase anzyms has been performed on the homogeate of rat brain in this researeh. As a result of purification of the enzyme by chromatography two seperate peak of DEAE- cellulose has been recorded.In order to assay the amount of protein in the samples, a very sensible and cheap method (Lowry) Was performed.By completion of the purification and isolation process the specific activity of enzyme was increased from 32.1 to 429.3 and the increase of the recovery percent of the enzyme activity was perceptible.These results show that by using such sensitive and low cost methods in the purification and assay of the enzyme, we can proceed in diagnosis and determination of disease and in application some very important biotechnological techinques.

Tick borne relapsing fever is the important endemic infectious disease in Zanjan. It is caused by Borrelia persica and transmitted to human via Ornithodoros tholozani. The clinical manifestations are extremely diverse and may range in severity to acute in patients. However the majority of attacks develop in regular pattern in which bouts of fever alternate with symptomatic periods. Because it is nonspecific symptom, then detection of common symptoms and laboratorial results is necessary for rapid diagnosis of this disease. In this study which was carried out from 1990 through 1998 about 60 relapsing fever detected cases of Shahid Beheshty hospital of Zanjan were selected and epidemiological, laboratorial and clinical data of them were collected. Also 384 normal persons that have not been infected by this disease were selected randomly and in their sera B. persia were tested by Immunoflourescence Assay (IFA).The results showed that 26% of cases were children (under 5 years old) and 82% of them were young (under 20 years old). Tackycardia, fatigue, muscular pains and weakness were the common symptoms. All of children had paroxysm. Indeed leukocytosis, increasing erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and thrombocytopenia were the most important laboratorial results. Also antibody of B. persica were seen in 64 reciprocal titer of sera during 30 months after infection. About 94% of patients were cured by erithromycin or tetracyclin, and Jarisch-Herx-Heimer reactions were not seen in them.

Purpose: Assessment and evaluation of knowledge of Zanjan people regarding the factors & conditions which are effective or are supposed to be harmful for eyes and vision.Materials & Method: A sample as large as 1000 people which all of then were older than 15 and inhabited the city randomly selected and were given a guestionaire with 11 items (Yes and No questions) The Identiiy of people with respect to sex, age graduation level and number of correct answers were gathered and tabled.People considering the awarness of true items were categorized to high, Moderate, low, very low aware groups.Results: Most of people were in very Iowa awrness group and the graduations level was proportionate direcly with awarness level.

More than 85% of renal stone contain calcium but rarely the patients with calcium stone excrete more than 200 mg calcium in their 24th urin.It seems these patients don't excrete calcium more than normal all the day, but depend amount of water and calcium that they consume they have hypercalciuria intermittently and at the same time they may produce renal stone.In urologic field evaluation of etiology of renal stone in patients is one of complex and difficult subject.Dr. Pak compared calcium to creatinine of urine that collect before and after consuming one gram calcium. He could find so many patients with calcium and other electrolite abnormality.In our country urologists don't usePak test for evaluation of patients with calcium renal stones routinly.We used Pak test in our patients who had renal stones at shafiieh hospital from September to december in 1995.We chose 30 patients that undergo surgery for renal stone or passed renal stone (their stones were calcium oxalate). 22 patients with Pak test showed some form of hypercalciuria but 4 patients had hypercalciuria in 24h urine (>200 mg). There were significant difference between two tests with mantel hoenzal test (P<0.01).

In previous studies it was thought that the prevalence, Extent & severity of MI iin diabetic P. taking sulfonylureas were much more than diabelic. P. Taking Insulin.Outcomes of some studies were conflicting so FDA ordered to consider some extra risk which pointed in the brochures of these drugs. In this study type Hypotesis were increased severity & extent of MI in diabetic. p. Taking sulfonylurea.A prospective study (clinical trial) in 2 years were done on the following patient: patient with MI who were admitted in CCU with no history of Heart disease. 26 People who were receiving Insulin and 46 people who were receiving sulfonylurea. Compared with 86 non diabetic people as a control group.Severity of MI is evaluated with Ejection fraction (EF) ant Extent of MI is evaluated with area under curve of CPK with at least of 6 samples CPK. Confounding factor such as age - sex - History of Hypertension. Hyperlipidemia, Smoking, type of MI and arrhythmia were considered.Therefore confounding factor were the same in both Diabetic groups. There was not any significant difference in EF and area under CPK curve.Use of sulfonylurea drugs for D.M don't increase extent and severity of MI, but its effect of increasing prevalence of MI should be studied.

The mortality rate of underweight newborns with less than one year old is three times larger and those survining have more prolonged period of illness and are more susceptible to physical and psychological damages. Therefore the reduction of underweight newborns births is considered a great success in children. Some of the characteristics of pregnant women, refering to maternity hospital or the hospital with childbirth ward were recorded in a questionair in which their new born babies specifications were added later. The underweight newborns as cast group and natural weight newborns as witness group were analyzed.Mothers with less than 20 years, compared with other groups, have more underweight newborns. The ratio of underweight newborns is higher in the mothers bearing the first child than in those bearing the seconder the next child. Urban mothers, compared with rural mothers have less underweight newborns, the percentage of underweight preterm newborns was ten times to that of underweight term newborns; the ratio of underweight newborns born through seasarian is more that those born vaginally.Although the number of underweight newborns in this city is less than in many other areas of Iran it is even possible to make it less by premariage instructions and necessary cares in pregnancy.

Oppotunistic parasitic infections represent one of the major chalenges in the managment of immunodeficient patients. These patients who include a wide range of cancer cases as well as recipients of organ grafts or immunosuppressive drugs are more vulnerable to infections than the healthy people.The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in immunosppressive drugs recipients mainly due to cancer and kidney transplantation. Accordingly 385 stool samples of cancer patients and reneal transplantation and also 322 patients who did not receive chemical drugs were collected and examind by Direct Wet Mount, Formalin - Ether concentration Method, Modification of Sheather's Sugar flotation, Modified Ziel – Neelson Stain Technique, Harada- Mori tube and Plate- Agar culture. 34.5% of cases and 28.5% of controls were infected by one or more intestinal parasites. Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia were most prevalent parasites in our study by 18.2% and 11.9% in cases and 11.8% and 6.5% in control group respectively. We found 4 cases of Strongyloidiasis in our patients which might be the causative agent for diarrhea and dissaminated fatal infection in these patients.

According to the high prevalence of cholelithiasis and the low acceptance of surgeons in Iran, we decided to evaluate two methods of close and open cholecystectomy.This is a cross sectional, descriptive and observational study. In this study, 146 patients complained from cholelithiasis with two close and open methods were under operated from 1376-1377 in Ekbatan and Mobasher hospitals in Hamadan. The extracted information form their records are: time of hospitalization, the amount of the analgesic drugs and antibiotic usage, infection incidence, the cause and incidence of conversion that analyzed in statistical manner.Cholelithiasis was more common in women than men (84.9% vs. 15.1%). The time of hospitalization with the close and open methods was 3.4 and 1.7 days, respectively. It indicated that the second group (Laparascopic Cholecystectomy) was discharged earlier, so that more than 50% of the L.C group were hospitalized only for one day. Meanwhile the amount of the analgesic drugs and antibiotic usage demonstrated remarkable reduction. Fever in post operation in L.C group was less than other group. 8.2% of L.C group converted to open cholecystectomy.Three conversion cases were due to adhesion of operative site; one due to dilatation of common bile duct; one to Intraoperative hemorrhage and the last to perforation in intestine to reduce the complication and conversion rate. Increasing the surgeon sexperience is effective.According to the results of this study, L.C is a preferable method for cholecystetomy, even, in our country:It is necessary that all surgeons familiarized to this method and the administrative organizations ought to provide the required facilities for patients.  

An Interventional and field trial study was carried out the siaho and shamell area, (Bandar Abbas, South of Iran) during 1996 - 1997 . In this survey efficacy of cytluthin was compared to that of untreated and treated villages, in relation malaria control 10 and 11 villages with a total population of 3236 , 8272 and 3 , 3 villages with a total population of 1267 , 3675 were used as treatment and control in siaho and shamell areas, respectively.The residual spraging with target dosage of 50 mg active ingredient [AI]/ M2 , carried out in early April, were done by Local Health workers.The use of cytluthrin Insecticide has significant effect on the parous rate, indoor resting density, human and animal blood behavior of vectors, Incidence of malaria and positive slide.In night catch maximum of Anopheline collection at 23 and 21 respectively. Bioassay contact mortality test with cytluthrin at a rate of 50 ai, mg. m2 on wood, mud. pluster, cement surfaces dropped from 100% to 97.1 , 96.1 , 96.6, after 150, 120 , 150 , 80 and from 100% to 98.2, 97 95.1, 97.1 after 151 , 122 , 122 , 98 days of hut spraying in siaho and shamell respectivety.Fumigunt mortality test dropped from 100% after 36 and 33 days in shamell and siaho respectively. In south of Iran with different Vectors, exophilic and endophagic habit, long transmission, the use of residual spraying with cyfluthrin with target dosage of 50 mg.ai. m2 could be used.

We reported and analysed 20 patients with blepharospasm and hemifacialspasm who had been treated with botulinum A toxin (BAT) injection between 1996 and 1998. The 20 Patients comprised 13 Females and 7 males. their mean age was 50 years (SD±12 ) 16 patients had idiopat, blepharospasm and 4 patients were diagnosed with hemifacialspasm. The mean duration of suffering was 20 months. Each patient reciveved 120 IV of BTA.The results of BAT injection were classified as: excellent result (an improvement of more that 75%) in 45% a good response (an improvement of 25%-50%) in 15% and a minimal or no resrponse in 5%. The efficacy of BTA injection lasted 2-3 months. and more often needed to reoeat the injections (12 patients ).These patients follow up for 1 years after last injection; there were not seen recurrence of symptoms in most of them.Conclusion: BTA injection is a simple and effective out-patient treatment for patients with blepharospasm. Causing no side effects and minor transient local complications.

A 32 years old women evaluated because of her intercourse disability. It has been diagnosied the complete agenesis of mulerian duct, by her accurate examination. This anomaly was treated by a vaginoplasty surgury, in that used with favorated length calibr. In this surgury tecnique by using a Rigid vaginal from, It would be resulted more successful than using from a soft vaginal from; A case Report.

The purpose of this study was reviewed by evidence based methodology about the use of pharmacologic agents for the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing. Evidence tables were created and studies were graded according to study design and the number of subjects induded. Each pharmacologic agent were established so that the quality of research for different drugs could be compared.The use of various ventilatory stimulants, psychotropic drugs, antihypertensive agents, and NO therapy. In controlled studies would be helpful, for use hypercapnic obesity - hypoventilation patients (Medroxy progestrone), myxedema (thyroid replacement), central apnea (aceta zolamide), periodic breathing in congestive heart failure (theophylline), and sikel cell (No therapy). Few randomized, well - controlled trials have been published that evaluate pharmacologic agents in the treatment of classic OSA. To date, no one agent stands out as being useful for OSA. Future research will need to characterize subjects so that various subsets of patients can be tried on one or on a combination of various pharmacologic agents.

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