Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research
Year:2003 | Volume:11 | Issue:44|Papers Count:13

Background: Vitamin C is the most effective water soluble antioxidant substance. Many studies have shown an inverse relationship between the intake of vitamin C and the disorders of cardiovascular system. In this study the effect of vit C intake on contractility of isolated aorta in rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: 60 female wistar rats weighing 180-220g were divided into control (CG) and test groups (TG) as TG1W, TG2W, TG3W, TG4W and TG8W. They received 0.3% vitamin C in drinking water for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks respectively. The animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg/ip). The chests were opened and the thoracic aortas were removed. The endothelium layer was denuded and a ring of aorta (5-6 mm) was mounted in oxygenated Krebs solution containing organ bath at 37°c and pH=7.4. After a recovery period (90 min), various concentrations of KCl or phenylepherine (phe) were added. The results were reported as mean (SE g/mm2) and compared with ANOVA followed by Turkey's post-Hoc test. A value of P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were no significant differences in aortic responses of CG, TG1W and TG2W to KCl and phenylepherine. Potassium chloride in 50, 60 and 75 mmole concentrations in TG3W and TG4W produced tensions of 2±0.2, 2.2±0.2, 2.3±0.2, 1.96±0.2, 1.9±0.1, 1.97±0.1 g/mm2 respectively. In TG8W the same concentrations of KCl produced tensions of 1.5± 1,1.6±0.1, 1.6±0.1 g/mm2. These tensions are significantly (P<0.05) less than the control group. In the aorta, phenylepherine in 1, 5 micromole concentration in TG3W and TG4W produced tensions of 3.2±0.1, 3.5±0.2, 2.7±0.1, 3±0.1 g/mm2 respectively, and in TG8W produced, 2.5±0.2, 2.7±0.2 g/mm2. These tensions are significantly (P<0.05) less than control group. Conclusion: High vitamin C intake in the diet can reduce the aorta contractility in rats.

Background: There are few and contradictory studies on sexual dimorphism in surface anatomical parameters in human brain (Cortical surface area and thickness). The objective of this study was to investigate the sex differences in surface anatomical parameters of the left insular cortex in healthy right- handed subjects. Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional descriptive study was performed on 72 human brains. The brains belonged to right - handed subjects who had died of non-neurological causes. The brains were removed from the craniums no longer than 24 hours postmortem and were used for neuropathololgical studies. The area and thickness of the left insular cortex surface was estimated by using photographs of a series of 5mm coronal sections of left hemispheres with linear and point grids based on unbiased stereological method. The results were analysed by t-student test.Results: The brains of 38 men and 34 women were studied. The age range for men was 58-84 (69.3 ±7.5) years and for women was 61-83 (67.2±5.5) years. The mean value for outer surface area was 23.06 ± 4.65 cm2 in men and 20.13 3.65 cm2 in women (P=0.007). The mean of inner surface area was 21.24 ± 5.56 cm2 in men and 18.29±3.24 cm2 in women (p=0.008). The mean surface area was 21.59±5.50 cm2 in men and 19.30±3.29 cm2 in women (P=0.03). The mean of insular cortical thicknesses was 3.18 0.8 mm in men and 3.04±0.4 mm in women. Percentage of reduction in the outer and inner, areas as well as mean surface areas and the thicknesses of the insular cortex in women in relation to men were 11.9%, 13.9%, 10.6%, and 4.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Compared with women outer, inner and mean surface areas of left insular cortex in men were considerably larger; This study shows a significant larger (outer, inner, and mean) surface areas of the left insular cortex in men. However, the left insular cortical thicknesses were similar in both sexes. The functional significance of these differences and similarities is yet to be discovered.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females. There are some controversies about epidermal growth factor and it's receptor expression in invasive breast cancer and also it*s relation with the prognosis of the diseases. So this study was designed to detect the frequency of these receptors in invasive breast cancers and also their relation with lymph node involvement in Isfahan from 2001 to 2002. Methods: This descriptive study was preformed on pathologic samples of 43 patients with invasive primary breast cancer. From the sampling blocks pathologic samples with 6-micron sections were prepared and were stained by Hematoxilin-Eosin for diagnosis of samples and detection of lymph node involvement. Epidermal growth factors' receptors were detected by immunohistochemistry methods. The data were analysed by x2 test. Results: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFR) were detected in 16 cases. 12 of 16 cases with these receptors had lymph node involvement. 38 cases suffered from invasive ductal cacinoma and 5 cases had invasive lobular carcinoma. Affected lymph node were detected in 30 samples. There was no relation between EGFRs expression and lymph node involvement as well as cancer type. Conclusion: The study of lymph nodes that carefully removed by a surgeon is more important than immunohistochemical staining in the prognosis of breast cancer.

Background: prolonged fasting after cesarean is a routine method. This study was designed in Zanjan Valiaser Hospital in 2002 intended to compare early and late liquid diet consumption in patients after the elective cesareans considering regarding their length of hospital stay and diet tolerance. Materials and methods: This analytical study was conducted on 200 females who were divided into two equal groups: those who received liquid diet 10-12 hours after the cesarean and those who started liquid diet consumption 2-3 hours after the operation. All patients were compared for their tolerance of the diet, return of bowl movements one day after the operation and the length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis was performed by x2, the Fisher Exact Test and Student t-test. Results: there was a statistically significant reduction in the hospital stay for those on the early feeding regimen. The mean length of stay for group A was 2.21 days and for group B it was 2.08 days (P=0.015). On the first day of the operation return of bowel function was detected in 81 patients in group A and 92 patients in group B (P<0.01). All of the patients in group A tolerated the liquid diet, but six patients in group B were not able to tolerate the diet (P=0.03). Conclusion: Early consumption of liquid diet after elective cesareans decreases the length of hospital stay and prompt returning of bowel function. It also appears to be safe, with no adverse effects. So it is a good alternative method in the elective cesarean sections.

Background: There are many risks in the post anesthesia period for children who have undergone an operation. Non-invasive control of arterial blood gas not only contravenes invasive techniques, but also reduces costs. This study was designed to compare the results of pulse oximetry and ABG for detection of oxygen saturation in arterial blood in 1-36- month children undergone heart operation and hospitalized in Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Tehran Shaheed Rajai Heart Hospital in 1997. Materials and Methods: This analytical study was conducted on 50 children who were selected serially. After 4 hours of hospitalization in PICU, 1ml of arterial blood was taken arterial blood gas was checked. Pulse oximetery was also conducted at the same time. The demographic data of the subjects and the results of laboratory test was collected from their fills. T-test and coefficient of Person's correlation were used in the data analysis. Results: 57% of cases underwent open heart operation and 43% had closed heart operation. 42% of the cases were 12-36 months old and the age of 6% of cases were less than 3 months. There was a strong correlation between the results of pulse oximetery and arterial blood gases test for detection of oxygen saturation (R=0.995%). Conclusions: Pulse oximetery can be used as a non-invasive technique for detection of oxygen saturation in children who have undergone a heart operation. The use of the obtained formula in this research, for prediction of the results of oxygen saturation by ABG from the results of pulse oximetery is recommended.

Background: Metronidazole is an antibacterial medicine which is used for many years. This study was designed in Zanjan from 2001-2002 to detect side effects of this medication on spermatogenesis and testicular functions. Material and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 24 male wistar rats which were divided into three groups: The control group who were receiving only pure water for 60 days; two experimental groups receiving 200 and 400 mg/kg/day Metronidazole for 60 days. Then the testises of the rats were extruded and fixed in 10% Formalin and stained with Hematoxilin-Eosin methods. Results: The weight of the testises and also the number of germinal cells were reduced significantly in the experimental groups (P<0.001). Reduction in the number of leydig cells were significant only in the rats which received 400 mg/kg Metronidazole per day (P<0.001). The changes in the number of sertoli cells were not significant in all groups. Conclusions: Metronidazole may affect testicular tissue and reduce its function. Thus, it is recommended to be used cautiously, especially in males.

Background: B19 virus is a member of Parvoviridae and has been known as an etiologic factor for a number of diseases including: fifth disease, aplastic crisis, hydropes foetalis and aplastic anemia. Due to the importance of this virus during pregnancy and its effects on fetus, this study was conducted on 15-45 year-old women living in Saravan in 2001. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 365 women. First Saravan was devided into 4 geographical areas. Then each area was further sub-divided into 10 blocks and in each block 10 families were chosen randomly. Next from the chosen married women, 5ml of venous blood was collected and the serums were separated and stored at -10°C. ELISA kit was used to detect anti B19 antibody. Furthermore, a questionnaire containing demographic and other informations was distributed among subjects. Results: The study indicated that 59.2% of women were sero-positive against B19. 17.3% of the subjects had experienced still-born delivery during their reproductive years. 22.7% of the studied subjects had experienced at least one abortion, and 6.5% more than one. Data analysis proved no significant correlation between abortion and B19 seropositivity. Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of B19 infection in Saravan is lower than other places specially Tehran. Although no significant relation was found between infection with B19 virus and abortions, more researches into the topic is recommended.

Background: Microbial infection is the most common cause of acute cholecystitis and also its complications. Therefore determining the kind of microbes in the gallbladder bile and recognizing their sensitivity to different antimicrobial agents is crucial for its proper management. The present study was carried out in patients who were admitted and operated on for acute cholecystitis in Zanjan Shafieh hospital.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study (The existing data) the files of patients who were admitted and operated for acute cholecystitis and also had results of bile culture and antibiogram were used from the records of Shafieh hospital from 1997 to 2002. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics.Results: Amongst sixty patients who had the results of bile cultures in their files, 42(70%) cases had positive and 18 (30%) cases had negative microbial cultures. The most common organisms found in the cultures were E.coli (54.8%), Staphylococus aureus (14.3%), klebsiella (9.5%) and enterobacter (9.5%) respectively. The most effective antibiotics in this study were Amikacin (69.5%), Gentamicin (47.6%), and Nalidixic Acid (42.9%).Conclusion: Positive culture of bile can be found in most cases of acute cholecystitis. Since Amikacin was the most effective antibiotic in cases of acute cholecystitis, it is recommended to be used in these cases as the first choice.