Journal of Military Medicine
Year:2009 | Volume:11 | Issue:1 (39)|Papers Count:17

Introduction: Influenza H1N1 (Swine Flu) caused by any virus of Orthomyxoviridae family, that is endemic to pig (swine) populations. Swine endemic strains are called swine influenza virus (SIV) and all known strains of SIV are classified as Influenza virus A (common) or Influenza virus C (rare). In general, this virus is not common among humans, but some cases of human infection reported recently. In human, the symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of influenza and influenza-like illness and including fever, cough, pharingitis, body pain, headache, chill and fatigue. Some cases present with diarrhea and vomiting.  Conclusion: According to emergence of new cases of the disease in some countries, awareness of physicians and all of health care workers is necessary. Furthermore, general information on the distribution and transmission of disease and means of prevention should be given to general population via mass media. Entrance to phase 6 of pandemic, needs interoganizational cooperation to control the diseade.

Aims: This study performed to identify and determine the scorpion species in Taybad city. In addition, obtaining relative information of scorpion sting status in military forces in some military regions of this city considered.Methods: This is a descriptive-cross sectional study and in biological sciences aspect of faunistic survey, which achieved in 2001 in Taybad city. To capture scorpions in day light, direct search and capture method in scorpion's haven and possible hidden places done. To get information about scorpion stings' soldiers in military regions, scorpion sting’s history, observation of scorpions, etc., 123 soldiers questioned in two military regions of the city. Scorpion stung soldiers' files in military health center located in Taybad also reviewed.Results: In this study 4 species of scorpions all were from Buthidae family, captured in Taybad city. Three species including Mesobuthus eupeus, Oliverus cuocasicus and Orthochirus scrobiculosus captured in military environment. Only Odontobuthus doriae found in plains and border line of Taybad with Torbat Heydarieh. There are 100 cases of scorpion stings' soldiers annually in Taybad region without life loss.Conclusion: Three scorpion species O. caucasicu, M. eupeus and O. scrobiculosus exist in Taybad city. It seems that in spite of increase in scorpion stings' soldiers in Taybad region, there is no sincere threat and scorpion sting is not an acute problem.

Aims: This research was to study the influence of three training shooting skill methods (wind rifle, light weapon simulator and real firing field) on increasing the student’s skills.Methods: Sample consists of students in two classes of shooting skill course in a military college. Subjects selected from the different classes of the same course based on clustered random sampling divided into experimental and control groups. Data collection instrument was a special form of student’s scores registration. Results analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency percent, average and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (dependent and independent t test, multivariate variance, f test and follow up tests).Results: Shooting skill scores had an increasing rate from the beginning to the end of the experiment. Changing the order of complementary methods (wind rifle and simulator), before training in the real firing field, made no difference in shooting scores. Attending in light weapon simulator, wind rifle and real firing field, showed a meaningful effect on increasing shooting skill scores. Moreover, training in the real firing field, in comparison with two other methods, was more influential.Conclusion: Training by light weapon simulator make a significant difference in shooting skill scores. Moreover, training by simulator and wind rifle could be regarded as complementary approaches and training by real weapon would be emphasized.

Aims: This survey done to curriculum development for nurses' preparedness face to biological incidents.Methods: In a descriptive survey to curriculum development, we used 3-rounds Delphi method by e-mail, post, fax and face o face follow up with experts' group collaboration. Two open-ended questions used in the first round and a semi-structured framework created based-on the previous round' results. Then preparedness domains, topics and hours that need for each topic identified.Results: This survey results showed that for nurses' preparedness face to biological incidents, three main domains include: A. Overviews, treatment and caring, B. Safety and prophylaxis, C. Preparedness management, with twenty-eight topics identified and thirty-four hours equal to 2 courses determined, too.Conclusion: The experts' consensus achievements are twenty-eight topics in three main domains. This can use in nurses' curriculum development and increase their preparedness face to biological incidents.

Aims:. The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards physical activity by one of the Universities of Medical Sciences personnel.Methods: This is a cross- sectional study on 164 Personnel of one of Iran Medical Sciences Universities, selected by randomized-categorized sampling. Questionnaire used collecting data. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire proved by content validity and Kronbach’s alpha method, respectively. Collected data analyzed by SPSS 13.Results: The mean knowledge score was 10.21 and individuals’ knowledge figured at weak, moderate and good levels were 21.7, 60.9 and 17.4%, respectively. The individuals’ attitude towards physical activity is 66.5 % (completely important), 31.1% (important) and 2.4% (neutral or completely not important), respectively. The individuals’ practice scores were low, moderate and high in 46.7, 23.4 and 29.9% of the subjects, respectively. Significantly difference observed between individuals’ job and their physical activity.Conclusion: The mean age of the subjects was 38.17 ± 6.13. Because of high incidence risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases in this age group and considering that only 23.4% of individuals had proper physical activity, planning for developing and promoting enough equipments and facilities for increasing the physical activity level among personnel is very important. Taking in account that majority of subjects (82%), had low or moderate knowledge, planning educational programs for increasing the knowledge regarding the issue is also very important.

Aims: War is a major effective factor on general health and its morbidity and mortality has constant psychosomatic effects. Martyrs health condition is very important for Iranian physicians and according to cultural factors; other countries psychological experiments cannot help so much. In this study, we aimed to assess psychologic signs of martyrs in mashhad in order to improve their health condition.Methods: In this cross-sectional analytic descriptive study, we analyzed psychological signs in chemical and physical combat veterans in 2005 in Mashhad. We studied 200 chemical or physical martyrs under coverage of martyr foundation. Our cases selected randomly and data gathered using SCL-90 and epidemiologic questionnaires. Data analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software and underwent statistical tests such as t and ANOVA.Results: GSI score was above cut off level in 190 cases out of 200 martyrs so 95% suffered from a hind of psychopathy. GSI in chemical martyrs was higher than physical martyrs and the differences were meaningful (p<0.05) except panic index. Hypochondriasis, psychosis and panic indexes had a higher mean score in chemical martyrs and hypochondriasis, panic and paranoid had a higher mean score in physical martyrs.Conclusion: 95% prevalence of psychological disorders in martyrs shows that some of these cases have chronic psychotic disorder.

Aims: This research intended to specify the rate of satisfaction among outpatients and hospitalized patients in different parts of a military hospital and its related factors.Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study. The studied group includes 165 people referred to outpatient and hospitalization wards of a military hospital. Samples chosed on achievement.Results: The greatest satisfaction (36%) expressed in emergency ward because of religious issues being considered. The greatest dissatisfaction (19.2%) seen in pharmacy, which was due to the long waiting time for getting the medication. The least rate of satisfaction (7.8%) in radiology section was due to insufficient explanation required for radiology preparation. The least rate of satisfaction (19.2%) in clinic was due to the physician’s being late and keeps the patients waiting. Nursing mental psychic cares shows a satisfaction rate of 38.5% because of well mannered behavior to patients. The least rate of satisfaction (12%) in physicians’ services was due to insufficient explanation of disease to patient and repetition of tests and radiology. The most satisfaction rate (43.5%) on food services was due to the care shown to patients’ appetite. In reception section, the most satisfaction rate (21.7%) reported for the high speed of patients being transferred to wards after the reception stages covered.Conclusion: In general, satisfaction rate on all outpatient and hospitalization wards are acceptable.

Aims: This study was to determine the frequency of cutaneous and superficial fungal diseases and identify their creating factors in 5 military training centers in Tehran.Methods: 3000 persons were examined in military training centers for cutaneous and superficial fungal diseases. Suspected lesions to fungal disease were sampled appropriately and the samples analyzed by direct test or culturing.Results: 390 persons (13%) had suspected lesions of fungal diseases but mycological methods proved 50 of them (1.7%) diseased. All patients were affected to superficial fungal diseases and no cases of cutaneous fungal disease were seen. The frequency of Pityrosporosis, Tinea versicolor and Erythrasma were 54, 44 and 2%, respectively.Conclusion: Prevalence of fungal disease in an army in this study was less than expected because of good health situation and high health information in military training centers.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the indirect ELISA (I-ELISA) and competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) for diagnosis of human brucellosis in comparison to routine serological methods.Methods: Brucella abortus S99 used for LPS preparation. LPS extracted by hot phenol method with enzymatic digestion. Microtitre plates coated with LPS. For I-ELISA, binding antibodies to LPS revealed by peroxidase conjugated anti-human IgG1 and for C-ELISA, antibodies revealed by peroxidase conjugated mouse monoclonal antibody M84.Results: The cut off values (obtained by testing negative serum samples) were set at 17.92-21.63% positivity (P%) for I-ELISA and 53.29-56.91% inhibition (I%) for C-ELISA. The specificity for I-ELISA and C -ELISA were 95.5% and 99.5%, respectively. The sensitivity for I-ELISA and C-ELISA were 100% and 96.94%, respectively. The positive predictive value for I-ELISA and C-ELISA were 93.33% and 98.96%, respectively. The negative predictive value for I-ELISA and C-ELISA were 100% and 98.51% and overall agreement were 96.98% and 98.66%, respectively.Conclusion: The results indicate the potential of I-ELISA and C-ELISA as sensitive, specific, rapid and simple methods for diagnosis of human brucellosis.

Aims: health preservation of trained military personnel, their responsibility is security of country is an important career. An important way to manage and control the mentioned group is having epidemiological knowledge about the injuries of these accidents. In this study our goal was recognition of high risk person, reasons of injuries in victims.Methods: This cross - sectional study done by inspection of records of victims during 1996-2006 in legal medicine center of Ilam.Results:  54 militants killed by explosives remnan. 81.5% of victims were between 19-21 years old and 85.2% were obligatory military service soldiers. Mine explosion was the reason of 68.5% of deathes. 38.9% had severe injuries in whole body. Seperately, 81.5% in lower limbs, 79.6% in upper limbs, 77.6% in thorax and abdominal region and 51.9% in head and neck. 51.9% of injured cases killed immediately and in 16.7% cases, medical emergency would help the victim's life.Conclusion: Mine explosion is the main reason of injuries. In most cases, soldiers are the victims. Inspection and clearing the contaminated area and training specific knowledge will reduce the injuries.