مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال:1395 | دوره:27 | شماره:10 |تعداد مقالات:16

Background & Aims: Although affective disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently cooccur, the role of affective dysregulation in addiction is often overlooked. Individuals with affective psychopathology have been shown to demonstrate high rates of comorbid SUDs. These findings have suggested that the PA and NA systems may differentially mediate different aspects of substance use.The present study is an attempt to determine the effect of affect regulation training on positive and negative effects of women with methamphetamine use disorder.Materials & Methods: The study is a semi-experimental one using a pretest-posttest scheme and a control group. The population was comprised of all women with substance use disorder in Baghe Fereshteh medium-term stays accommodations center; 39 of whom were selected as a sample based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, they randomly were divided into two groups and randomly were assigned to experiment and control groups. The experiment group received intervention, but the control group didn't receive any intervention and were on the waiting list. The data were collected using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance using SPSS22.Results: The findings revealed that affect regulation training has no significant impact on negative affects (p=0.61). This training, however, results in a significant increase in women’s positive affects (p=0.03).Conclusion: The findings also demonstrated that affect deregulation is one of dangerous factors for drug abuse. Considering the facts that drug abusers are more exposed to negative emotions and less to positive ones, in such situations they are likely to take drugs to control these emotional states. Hence, affect regulation training makes drug abusers conscious of the appropriate ways of affect regulation and helps to reduce their problem.

Background & Aims: Despite confirmed effectiveness of forced exercise training in reducing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, the role of voluntary physical activity in reducing doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity, especially in the elderly, still has not been investigated properly. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of cardiac protection caused by voluntary physical activity on myosin heavy chain gene (MyHC) expression changes induced by doxorubicin in the aging model rats.Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, after induction of aging, 24 twelve-week old male rats with an average weight of 250±25g received 100 mg/kg D-galactose solution for 9 weeks through intraperitoneal injection. They were randomly divided into three groups: aging+saline (AS), aging+ doxorubicin (AD), and aging+doxorubicin+voluntary physical activity (ADWR). Voluntary physical activity was carried out during the last 6 weeks of aging, on a running wheel.In the last 15 days, 1 mg/kg doxorubicin and saline (cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg) was peritoneally injected to the rats receiving doxorubicin and saline. Forty eight hours after the last injection of doxorubicin, the left ventricle was isolated, and gene expression of cardiac myosin heavy chain was measured using Real time - PCR.Results: Doxorubicin increased beta myosin heavy chain gene expression and decreased alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene expression (MyHC) in the AD group. However, voluntary 6-week physical activity decreased doxorubicin-induced changes in MyHC gene expression in the ADWR group.Conclusion: Voluntary physical activity is a tool effective in reducing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in the elderly.

Background & Aims: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and one of mortality causes of nosocomial infections specifically in severely burned patients. One of the drug resistant mechanisms in pseudomonas aeruginosa is mutation in negative regulator genes of mexXY efflux pump system. In this study, the role of mexZ mutations was investigated in ciprofloxacin resistant development in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Guilan province.Materials & Methods: In this study, 45 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical samples of Rasht and Lahijan hospitals and laboratories between 2014 to 2016 were identified by biochemical tests. The antibiotic resistance and susceptibility of the strains were investigated by Kirby Bauer method and MIC determination. Then PCR-sequencing was performed to assess MexZ gene mutations in ciprofloxacin resistant strains.Results: From 45 isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, all were resistant to cefixime, cephalothin and trimethoprim; whereas 17 isolates were ciprofloxacin resistant. The highest MIC of ciprofloxacin was determined 1024 μg/ml. Also, PCR-sequencing analysis showed that 8 isolates had missense mutations in MexZ gene such as L111E and R143P.Conclusion: In this study, mutation in mexZ as negative regulator of mexXY can be a reason of multidrug resistance in some strains in Guilan province. It appears that mexZ mutation led to affinity modification in mexZ protein binding to DNA in some isolates.