Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Year:2016 | Volume:19 | Issue:21|Papers Count:3

Introduction: Nowadays, use of non-pharmacological methods and complementary medicine to reduce pain intensity and anxiety during labor is increasing. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to compare the effects of Peppermint and Clove essential oil aroma on pain intensity and anxiety at first stage of labor.Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 126 nulliparous women referred to Kamali hospital in Karaj, respectively divided into two groups of Peppermint and Clove (63 in each group) in 2014. Aromatherapy started from 3-4cm of cervix dilatation. In first group, 0.2 ml of essential oil of Peppermint and in second group, 0.2 ml of essential oil of Clove was stained to gas and attached to dresses collar of women and aromatherapy was repeated every half hour. Intensity of labor pain was measured in 3, 4cm, 5, 7cm and 8, 10cm of cervix dilatation and anxiety was measured in 3, 4cm and 8, 10cm of cervix dilatation. The data were collected through demographic-obstetric questionnaire, observation-examination checklist, Spielberger anxiety questionnaire and McGill Pain Ruler. The data were analyzed by statistical software (version 18), independent t-test, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney. PResults: After the intervention, there was a significant statistical difference between two groups of Peppermint and Clove in pain intensity and anxiety (P<0.001). It should be mentioned that in both groups, pain intensity decreased in cervical dilatations of 3, 4cm, 5, 7cm and 8, 10cm; but pain reduction in Clove aromatherapy group was more than Peppermint group. Also, obvious anxiety decreased in both groups in 3, 4cm and 8, 10cm cervical dilatations, but anxiety reduction in Clove aromatherapy group was more Peppermint group.Conclusion: Aromatherapy with essential oils of Clove compared to Peppermint leads to more reduction of pain and anxiety level during labor.

Introduction: Maternal to Child Transmission of AIDS is one of the most important transmission ways of this disease. Midwives' adequate knowledge and correct performance can have an important role in its reduction. This study was performed with aim to assess perceived and real needs of midwives regarding prevention of mother to child transmission of AIDS (PMTCT).Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 133 midwives working at hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Participants completed three questionnaires including demographic characteristics, perceived needs and real needs about PMTCT. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and McNemar test, Chi-square and general linear model. PResults: The majority of participants had high level of perceived needs (63.9% of midwifes) and real educational needs (87.2% of midwifes) and there was a significant difference between them (P<0.0001). The highest perceived needs was seen in two domains of AIDS diagnosis and treatment and the lowest was in the domain of physiopathology (P<0.001). The highest real educational needs was related to the domain of transmission ways and the lowest to the domain of treatment and follow-up (P<0.001). Conclusion: The majority of midwives had high perceived and real needs regarding PMTC. It is suggested that this important topic be noticed in midwives' educational programs.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a major cause of women's mortality at reproductive age in developing countries and is the fourth malignant disease of women in the world. 95% of cervical cancers are related to HPV. This study was performed with aim to investigate the role of vaccine in preventing HPV and cervical cancer.Methods: in this review article, the information was obtained through searching in databases of Pubmed, ISI, Scopus, Medline, Embase, and Google search by entering the keywords of virus or Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), HPV vaccine, and cervical cancer during 2004 to 2015. Inclusion criteria for entering the studies in this research included the searching keywords being mentioned in title or keywords of the articles. The articles with incomplete data and articles which were less relevant to the subject were excluded.Results: HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection and is self-limiting. HPV causes oral-anal premalignant lesions in men and women which may progress to malignancy. HPV vaccination prevents from HPV infections that accompany the development of oral-anal cancer including cervical cancer and genital warts.Conclusion: HPV vaccination has high effect and immunogenicity and causes acceptable safety. According to studies, the Gardasil vaccine can protect against cervical cancer up to 90%, while new nine-vaccine is effective up to 97% against high degree malignant cancers with a of cervical and vaginal vulva. The increasing knowledge about prevalence of HPV and transmission ways and pathology and treatment vaccine of this virus leads to an improvement in disease control and ultimately controlling the consequences of this virus and the possible eradicating of cervical cancer in the coming decades.