Journal Of Religious Thought
Year:2014 | Volume:14 | Issue:2 (51)|Papers Count:8

Donald Davidson, a great analytic philosopher, represented a theory on token identity through which he provided another theory concerning the relation between mental and physical properties called "Supervenience" theory. He tried to avoid involving in reductionism through preserving dualism of these properties. In this Paper first, we explain his theory, then we show how he failed to solve mental causation problem and how his theory faces with either causal exclusion or over determination. So, the main problem of Cartesian dualism remains unsolved in this theory.

In this paper, we are going to survey the relation of language and logic from the viewpoint of Ludwig Wittgenstein. To do so, we will concentrate on his most important books: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Philosophical Investigations and On Certainty. First, we will describe this relation in the Tractatus and will view its consequences. For instance, giving up essentialist views about language and devoting on a posteriori investigation are among the most important consequences. Then, we will reconstruct this relation with the aid of his Philosophical Investigations. From this point of view, logic does not come prior to language but it is a product of its practice. After that, we will hint on an anthropological investigation on Azande tribe confirming Wittgenstein's later stance. At the end, we will borrow the concept "world-picture" from his On Certainty to answer some probable questions. We are going to show that logic is a constituent part of every community's world-picture.

In Islamic Law two kinds of purity is emphasized concerning human being: external and internal. In Sufism, which includes both path (tariiqa) and Truth (haqiqa), these two kinds of purity have an important role even though the internal one is more emphasized. For Muslim mystics, external purity is a condition for the internal one which in turn is a condition for receiving devine emanations which cause detachment from multiplicity and nearness to oneness in both internal and external worlds. In contemporary world which suffers from crisis of morality and spirituality, showing the ways of returning to purity and safety has a certain importance. In this paper, first we give a definition of purity. Secondly we discuss its internal and external aspects and also its levels. Finally we study some practical ways to reach purity from the viewpoints of great mystics.

The Concept of "Settlement" is something more than a shelter. Settling, from phenomenological point of view, is not only making communication with others, but also making a relation with the home. In Iranian culture, the home is regularly a place of appearance and attainment of family warmth. In Islam, home is always considered as a major human beings' demand. It is also recognized as a place for serenity and peace. This paper, which is based on logical-analytical method, is an analysis of some architectural topics, concept of settlement and habitation in three fields: Islam, Iranian culture, and phenomenology.

In this paper we compare perspectives of Nahj-albalaqa (by Imam Ali (pbu) and Mathnavi (by Rumij) on the obstacles of human perfection. Three most important obstacles are: soul commanding evil, Satan and love of this world. These three obstacles are mothers of the others and generate them. According to Imam Ali, when the soul get the divine nature it will not prevent man, but Satan never stops enmity against human. But Rumi believes that the danger of the soul is more than that of Satan. Both Imam Ali and Rumi mention two aspects of this world: deceptive aspect and advisor one. Whenever it becomes an instrument for Satan and soul commanding evil, it will be an obstacle of human perfection.

Imagination is used to explain a great deal of discussions in philosophy, science and unveiling. It is also discussed in ontology and epistemology of mysticism. In lbn Sina's opinion imagination affects on mystical unveiling in two ways: 1) Imagination of holy traveler moves him to the truth of existence by conceiving perfect and true forms and enjoying them. 2) When the holy traveler begins his journey to reach the truth, he is facing with a lot of discoveries and unveilings such as formal and spiritual unveilings. In formal unveilings, imagination changes rational and non-material forms into bodily forms. These recent forms are seen in dreams and also in awaking.

This paper aims at investigating into Islamic Thought I from a critical discourse analysis approach in order to find to what extent the authors watch objectivity in presenting the material. The study follows Van Djik (2003) as its practical framework. Since it is impossible to cover the whole content of the book in such a short study, we decide to study two parts of it, entitled: "God's existence" and "Evil Problem". Based on the study, there are a number of methodical problems in presenting the material as follows: using unsound and imperfect argumentations, presenting unrelated examples, trying to highlight superiority of pros' views over those of cons, implementing negative expressions to humiliate the critics, and exaggerating in descriptions. It is recommended that the authors reconsider their methodical approach in preparing next edition of the book.