PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Year:2005 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

This article is aimed at finding out the relatedness of couples forgiveness and their mental health. The variables were as follows: forgiveness, marriage and numbers of the subject"s children as well. It"s t00ls included: Family forgiveness scale, Iranian version (FFS_I) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The reliabilities of both have been estimated, respectively, a = 0.85 and a = 0.84 in separate studies. Statistical analyses were done through regression coefficient, Pearson"s momentary coefficient, t-student test and HSD (Tukey"s test) for meaningfulness of correlations. The findings suggest a significant correlation (F = 6.44, a = 0.01) between couples" forgiveness and their mental health. Also, there has been obtained correlation of forgiveness (r =0.59) between families of origin and nuclear families (couples). Other findings have been discussed on the context of the given report.

Increasingprevalenceof cigarettesmokingin general,especiallyin adolescents,is oneof the most important problems of our society. Therefore, in this research, it was tried to study the effect of instructing assertiveness and problem solving skills on cigarette smoking prevention and reduction. Total sample size of this research was 112 students from 10theducational district of Tehriin city. They assigned into four groups (two experimental groups and two control groups). The sample size of smokers experimental and control groups was 48 (24 persons in each group). Also, the sample size of non-smokers experimental and control groups was 64 (32 persons in each group). In this study, after initial interviewing and identifying smokers and non-smokers, and the amount of cigarettes were smoked by smokers, assertiveness and problem solving skills were instructed to the experimental groups. The control groups spend their regular programs and no information about these skills was instructed to them. Six months later, after training, the number of students" cigarettes being smoking and their attitude toward cigarette were measured. After collecting data, they were analysed by analysis of variance, follow up tests, t test for dependent groups, and chi-square test. The obtained results showed that instructing assertiveness and problem solving skills have a significant effect on cigarette smoking reduction (level of significant was %99), and prevention (level of significant was %99). In this manner, according to obtained results, instructing these skills has no significant effect on creating negative attitude toward smoking. According to obtained results, we can reduce the number of cigarettes of smokers, and the number of cigarettes smoking in society by instructing assertiveness and problem solving.

This study was designed to compare ego identity status among boys and girls at the preuniversity stage in schools. Five hundred students were randomly selected from eight cities and the subjects were tested by Ego Identity Status of Benion & Adams" Measures which revised by Omidian to find their respective ego identity status. The female and male subjects were compared according to their gained scores in diffusion identity, foreclosure identity, moratorium identity, and achieved identity. Although the results showed, there was no significant difference in four statuses on ideology domain and three statuses on genera~ and interpersonal domains. There was. significant difference on diffusion identity with male scores higher than the females in the study. Furthermore, in some subscales the male scores were also higher in lower identities (diffusion and foreclosure). The findings were discussed in relation to Erickson"s and Marcia"s theories.

This research has studied the effect ofmetacognitive strategies instruction on 4thand 5thgrade elementary dyslexia male students" reading improvement. Following this purpose, 64 dyslexia male students were selected. The members of sample group were randomly assigned to experimental and control group. In this research, the quasi-experimental design (the pre-test and post-test with control group) has been applied. After carried out the pre-test in order to evaluate the reading ability of two groups, the experimental group received 15 sessions (45 minutes each) of metacognitive strategies training during four months. After four months, post-test was carried out to evaluate the reading ability of two groups. The findings have indicated that the metacognitive strategies instructions had a positive effect on the reading performance of dyslexia students, and on decreasing their degree of reading mistakes.

The purpose of this study was the effect of auriculo-point stimulation on improvement of verbal ability of borderline IQ male students due to brain damage. To conduct this study 28 pupils aged 6-16 with history of cerebral palsy and intelligent quotient between 70-90 (borderline) were selected from Pooya special school in Esfahan. The verbal intelligence scale for children (verbal sub-test ofwise-r) was used for this purpose.This study is conducted with an experimentalmethod and by means of a pre-test and post- test design with one experimental group. Thus, in the experimental phase the independent variable, herbal plasters on acupointwas performed for two months, in order to investigate the effect on the dependent variable, verbal ability.The results of paired-sample t test showed significant difference between pre-test and posttest scores in verbal ability which were consisted of comprehension, vocabulalY, arithmetic, information and similarities sub-tests (P < 0.05).

This research was designed to study the relationship between mother-daughter empathic behaviour with the conduct disorders in three groups of adolescent~as (adjusted, maladjusted and delinquent). The sample included 60 high school girl students of one of the educational regions of Tehran and 30 female delinquent adolescents from Tehran centre of delinquency (14 to 18years old) girls. In this study, three inventories for assessment have been used including: 1- Tow different tests of empathic behaviour: one beha"viourform for mother and one form for daughter; . 2- The SCL-90 test of behaviour disorders; 3- California Personality Inventory. The results of data analysis by using statistical methods such as t-test, coitelation coefficient, and one way analysis of variance showed that there are significant differences in empathic behaviour of girls in three groups. Also, there are significant differences in mothers" empathic behaviour in two groups of adjusted and maladjusted adolescents. In addition, the results indicated a correlation between mothersand daughters" empathy with behaviour disorders of daughters such as obsessive-compulsive, Psychoticism, inter personal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideatian. We also found differences in behaviour disorders in three groups of adolescents.