Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences
Year:2005 | Volume:8 | Issue:2 (31)|Papers Count:11

Introduction: Different hormonal responses may appear in severe head injured patients (including increase in serum Cortisol & GH level). These changes can also be seen in recovery and rehabilitation periods, so influencing the patients' outcome. Materials and Methods: Forty severely head injured patients, referred to emergency units of Alzahra & Kashani hospitals were studied in a cohort study (selected by convenient sampling) after dividing into two equal groups. Craniotomy was performed for one group and conservative (non-surgical) therapy for the other. In the first and seventh day of admission serum Cortisol and growth hormone were checked (using RIA method). Data was analyzed by paired and student t tests.Results: There were significant differences between mean of GH in the first and also in the seventh day (both with P<0.05) and between mean of GH and Cortisol from first to seventh day in two study groups (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences between mean of Cortisol in the first or seventh day in two study groups.Conclusion: Results of this study showed that craniotomy as an independent factor can raise serum GH and Cortisol levels in severely head injured patients.

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common afflictions of human. The amygdala is one of the most sensitive epilepsy induction areas. This area has been the focus of interest, in large part due to its role in fear conditioning. It seems that any abnormality in the neuronal network in amygdala can increase the susceptibility of animal to seizure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between avoidance learning and kindeling susceptibility in rats.Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 20 Wistar male rats were trained for two way active avoidance learning in the shuttle box, and on the basis of escape response were divided into fast and slow learning animals. The rats were administered Pentylenetetrazole for induction of kindeling. Then seizure stages were noted. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey's test.Results: Results of the present study demonstrated that slow learning animals comparing to fast learnings were more prone to kindeling and there was a significant difference in the seizure stage and stage 2 latency in the two groups.Conclusion: On the basis of the present data it is possible to predict the predisposing of male rats to kindeling from the rate of fear conditioning that indicates the abnormality in amygdala neuronal circuits.

Introduction: Because tetraploid embryo is used as a base for growth and development of transgenic cells, one of the most important stages in animal biotechnology is to produce tetraploidy by electro fused 2-cell embryo. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fusion duration on developmental rate of tetraploid embryos.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study some of the bovine 2-cell embryos were obtained from in vitro matured and fertilized cumulus oocyte complexes 33-35 hr post fertilization as an unexposed control group (UCG). The remaining 2-cell embryos were exposed to 0.75 kilovolt per centimeter for 80 microsecond, and were transferred to SOF1 medium. Subsequently those embryos fused at 30 and 60 minute post electrofusion were categorized as fused groups (FG30 and FG60) and separated from unfused embryos as exposed control group (ECG). The developmental rate was compared between UCG, ECG, FG30, and FG60 groups and the relation between fusion duration and cleavage and developmental rate was surveyed.Results: The cleavage rate up to 8-cell stage in FG60 was increased significantly compared to FG30 (p<0.05) while the blastocyst rate has no significant difference between the two groups. The cleavage and developmental rate in UCG was significantly higher than ECG, FG60 and FG30. Chromosomal analysis showed that 76% of embryos were true tetraploid.Conclusion: The fused embryos in FG60had more ability to produce embryos up to 8-cell stage than FG30. The electrical pulse can decrease the cleavage and developmental ability of embryo.

Introduction: Different strains of Echinococcus Granulosus have been found in endemic areas of Iran. This variation has a significant aspect in the field of medical parasitology and veterinary and also in epidemiology, pathology, control and prevention of Hydatid cyst infection. Morphology, epidemiology and biochemical studies can be carried out to determine Hydatid cyst strains in human and and animal origins as host. This study was done to measure different biochemical compositions of liver Hydatid cyst fluids in human, sheep, goat, cattle and camel In 2004.Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional-analytical study, 112 samples of Hydatid fluids were collected from the liver cysts of different hosts: 16 sheeps, 64 cattles, 12 goats and 10 camels in slaughter houses of Sari and Ghaemshahr and 10 human in Imam hospital. All cyst fluids were centrifuged at 4500 rpm at 4°C for 45 minutes and the supernatants were analyzed for various biochemical parameters.Results: Quantitative differences were observed in the levels of Sodium, Glucose, Urea, Alanin Aminotransferase (AST) in liver cystic fluids obtained from different hosts, although these differences were not statistically insignificant. However, differences in the levels of Potassium, Calcium, Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Uric acid, Creatmm, Albumin, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, Aspartat Aminotransferase (AST) and Creatmine Phosphokinase (CPK) in different Hydatid cyst fluids were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Differences in biochemical composition of different Hydatid cyst fluids suggest the possible existence of more than one strain of Echinococcus Granulosus in human and other intermediate domestic animal hosts in Mazandaran.

Introduction: In diabetes mellitus the increase of AgII (Angiotensin II), IGF1 (insulin like growth factor-1) and growth hormone induce kidney lesions especially changes in content and thickness of GBM and widening and fusion of podocyte pedicles. In this research for the first time the combination of Losartan (AT1 receptor blocker) and Octreotide (Somatostatin analogue) were used in order to prevent glomerular epithelial lesions.Materials & methods: In this experimental study 15 male rats (2 months age) were uninephrectomised from left flank and divided in 5 groups (3 per group). 7 days later diabetes was induced in 2th, 3th, 4th and 5th group by Alloxan (120 mg/kg) subcutaneously. 5 days after diabetes induction, the third group received Losartan (5mg/kg/day) orally, 4th group Octretide (10 ûg/day) subcutaneously and 5th group both two drugs with the mentioned doses for 8 weeks. The 2th group was served as diabetic non treatment group. Kidneys of all groups were fixed by perfusion technique. After second fixation of 1 mm3 cortex parts in Osmium Tetroxide, they were processed in TAAB812 resin for embedding. Thin sections (600 nm thickness) were prepared and investigated by transmission electron microscope qualitatively.Results: Losartan inhibited fusion and thickening of podocyte pedic1es but in some cases couldn't maintain the 3 layer form of GBM. Octreotide had little effect on inhibition of fusion and thickening of podocyte pedicles and no effect in 3 layer form maintaining of GBM.Combined therapy inhibited fusion and thickening of podocyte pedic1es and maintained 3 layer form of GBM but in some cases the lamina rara near endothelium was not seen.Conclusion: Octreotide have little effect on prevention of glomerular epithelium lesions. However Losartan could prevent glomerular epithelium lesions well, but combined drug therapy showed better results comparing Losartan.

Introduction: Considering the importance of diagnosing fetal distress and knowing diagnostic methods with minimum cost and time and high diagnostic value, this study was performed to evaluate the vibroacoustic stimulation test (VAST) value in predicting fetal distress in women in active phase of labor, reffering to Motazedi hospital, Kermanshah, 2004.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was carried out on women in active phase of labor (dilatation >3-4), full term, single fetus, cephalic presentation, without previous diseases and also abnormal fetus. At first FHR was monitored for 15 minutes, then vibroacoustic stimulation was done for 3 seconds using an artificial larynx of Seimens Servox with high - pitch intensity equal to 105 dB. Results were recorded as non reactive and reactive FHR (twice 15 beats acceleration for 15 seconds). Other variables such as type of delivery, 1 and 5 minutes Apgar, meconium passing and nuch cord were documented. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and diagnostic value test.Results: Age of women was 25.2±5.8, number of pregnancy 1.94±1.33 and 51.8% of them had one pregnancy. FHR before VAST was 61.1% reactive and 26.3% suspicious and after VAST 60.8% reactive and 5.3% suspicious. In VAST method sensitivity, specillcity and diagnostic value were 88.3%, 70% and 75.5% respectively and in non VAST method 68.3%, 66.5%, 23.6%.Conclusion: This study showed that VAST can assist to reduce suspicious cases of FHR. The prognostic value of VAST in predicting fetal distress was high It is recommended to carry out further researches about duration and intensity of sound and using periodic FHR.

Introduction: It seems that mother's position and activity during labor can affect labor process and its outcomes. This investigation aimed to investigate maternal position's effect in active phase on labor duration and newborn's Apgar. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi experimental study which is done on 256 mothers referring to Taleghani hospital in Arak city. Sampling was convenience and sample size was determined based on α=5% and β=20%. Mothers were divided into two primi and multipara groups and each mother chose one of the lying on left side, semi ambulatory and ambulatory positions based on her own intent. The duration of first, second and third stages of labor and also the newborn's Apgar score in first and fifth minutes after birth were determined in each group. Data was analyzed using Shefe test. Results: Results showed that more than half of mothers (55.5%) preferred semi ambulatory position. 98.8% of deliveries were normal vaginal 'delivery and most of newborn's Apgar score in first and fifth minutes after birth was 9 and 10 respectively. There was no significant difference between labor complications and maternal position and also between Apgar score and maternal position. It was found that the duration of first, second and third stages of labor in primiparas of ambulatory group were shorter than the other two primipara groups. But the difference was only significant in first stage (p<0.001). In multiparas of the ambulatory group the duration of first and second stages were significantly shorter than the other two multipara groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: Overall findings showed that the duration of first stage of labor in ambulatory primiparas and first and second stages of multiparas were significantly reduced so it seems that ambulation of mother during labor can improve labor process.      

Introduction: Sweet's syndrome (SS) is characterized by painful plaque on extremities, face and neck; fever and peripheral leukocytosis. In this study patients with Sweet's syndrome are described in a 10 years period.Cases: This is a case series study in which 9 patients admitted to dermatology unit of Bu-Ali hospital was studied between 1992 to 2002. Basic characteristics of skin lesions in each patient were as following: red, painful and raised lesions on hand and lower leg of the first patient; large, flaccid bullae containing hemorrhagic fluid on both lower legs and upper portion of one thigh and scar over both ankles in the second patient; papule and nodule on left hand with pain, itching and hemorrhagic secretion in the third patient; bullae over internal surface of thighs and trunk and hyperpigmented, diffused macula over abdomen in the forth patient; painful papule and nodule on hands and right lower leg in the fifth patient; painful plaque and nodule in the sixth patient; erythematous and painful papule on both lower leg and abdomen in the seventh patient; erythematose papule and nodule with burning sensation over "abdomen and right hand in the eight patient and painful bullae on neck and right lower leg in the ninth patient. Conclusion: Some special findings were found in these patients. For example, hemorrhagic and flaccid bullae, epidermal changes such as regional hyper keratosis and acanthosis and scar formation due to the illness which were not mentioned in previous reports of the disease.