COUNSELING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2020 | Volume:18 | Issue:72 |Papers Count:11

Aim: The aim of this research was to investigate the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Protean Career Attitudes Scale of employees. Methods: This research was a descriptive research which investigated the psychometrics of the scale. The statistical population included the employees of Isfahan's engineer companies. The samples were 200 employees (including 78 females and 122 males) who were selected by cluster sampling method. Protean Career Attitudes Scale and Proactive Personality Scale were used. Findings: Data were analyzed by using factor analysis, correlation and multivariate analysis of variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the factor-second order confirmatory factor model and two factors-first order confirmatory factor model were confirmed and were fit with data. Finally, two factors-first order confirmatory factor model a better fit. In the one factor model, protean career attitudes were the latent construct and in two factors model self-directed career management and values-driven were latent constructs. The correlation of Self-directed career management subscale and values-driven subscale with proactive personality scale was 0. 66 and 0. 53 (p<0/01). Internal consistency of self-directed career management subscale was 0. 72 and values-driven subscale was 0. 70. Test-retest reliability in three weeks in selfdirected career management subscale and values-driven subscale were 0. 89 and 0. 90 (p<0. 01). Moreover, the results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that men in both self-directed career management subscale and values-driven subscale had higher scores than women. Conclusions: Overall, diverse career path perspectives scale may be used as a reliable tool to assess the perspectives toward different career paths.

Aim: Child abuse is one of the problems facing humanity. Families must be trained to distinguish the differences between parenting attitudes with harmful attitudes about children. This study aimed to investigate the comparison and recognition of parents with and without a college education about a variety of child abuse. Methods: This was a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews and the research population included 28 people (parents) with and without college education which were selected through purposive sampling. Results: parental knowledge about the type of child abuse (physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect) were examined in two different tables and in two groups with and without a college education and also knowledge and awareness of the risk factors and the consequences of child abuse provided in separate tables by considering college education and concepts and the main expressions is classified using open axial and selective coding. Findings: Based on conducted interviews, the recognition of physical abuse in both groups with and without a college education is equally high, but with the exception that the parental knowledge about the scope of types of child abuse is more in the group with college education than the other group. In this study, parents without a college education in their parenting methods relied considerably on physical abuse. Also knowledge of emotional abuse is high in parents with a college education, but there is awareness of emotional neglect among parents with a university education due to their education and employment. There is knowledge about sexual harassment in both groups with the exception that the information and awareness of sexual harassment among parents with a college education is much higher. Another significant point in this research was emotional neglect, due to preoccupation of parents with the virtual world in today's age. Conclusions: It may be concluded that the factor of education can be effective in recognition of types of child abuse. One interesting point was that most collegeeducated parents used third-person in their sentences, such that it appeared these parents did not use abusive behaviors in their parenting, but are aware of what constitutes abusive behavior for other parents, or they intelligently resisted selfdisclosing. On the other hand, majority of parents without college education seemed to use sentences that pointed to their own behaviors and reactions in relation to their children, showing less resistance, talking more about their objective and personal experiences.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of career adaptability in relationship between emotional intelligence and career decision making difficulties among 9th grade students. Methods: This was a correlational research that using structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of 9th grade students of Qazvin province in the academic year 2016-17. The sample consisted of 433 students (206 boys and 227 girls) selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. Measures included Career Adaptability Scale, Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, and Decision Making Difficulties Questionnaire. The data were calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients (using SPSS-24), and structural equation modeling. The statistical significance of indirect effects also was calculated by bootstrapping method (using AMOS24). Findings: The results of this study showed that most of the overall-0. 67 for the emotional intelligence on decisionmaking difficulties was indirectly due to the mediation of career adaptability (β =-0. 41, p <0. 001), while a part of it was more directly (β =-0. 26, p <0. 001). The conceptual model also showed a significant fit with the data (SRMR = 0. 03; RMSEA = 0. 06). The results of the comparison of total fit and path coefficients among girls and boys also showed that the research model is same for both groups (p <0. 11). Conclusion: In line with the career adaption model, the results of this study showed that a major part of the effects of social and emotional meta-capacities on the reduction of the incompatibility of career adaptive responses can be explained by the mobilization of psychosocial resources in the management of career related tasks, transitions and crises.

Aim: A mental disorder known as anorexia is a relatively common disorder in the recent decades and has affected many people, especially young girls. This study aims to predict the relationship between anorexia as the independent variable and family relations, self control, and alexithymia as predictor variables. Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlational type. The study sample consisted of 109 women in the city of Shiraz who were selected through convenience sampling. Anorexia mental disorder was measured using questionnaires from Garner and Garfinkel (1979), parental bonding were measured using questionnaires parental bonding by Parker et al. (1979), Self-control was measured using a self-control scale Grasmick (1993) and alexithymia was measured using the Toronto alexithymia (1986). The data was analyzed by stepwise multiple regressions test. Findings The findings showed that, impulsively is one of the sub-scales of self-control (β =-0/24, p<0/05) and the extreme support is a parental bonding based sub-scale (β =0/23, p<0/05) predicted anorexia disorder. Meanwhile Alexithymia cannot predict anorexia disorder. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that efforts to regulate impulsivity and reduce extreme support in family relationships are effective in preventing from anorexia nervosa.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the five major traits of personality and symptoms of depression in students, with mediating role of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Methods: The research method was descriptive of correlational type. In order to select the sample, 400 students studying at Gonbadkavus Azad and State Universities were selected through cluster random sampling. The instruments used in this study included depression scales, five personality factors, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Pearson correlation test and path analysis methods were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results indicated that neuroticism as the strongest predictor of depression had a significant positive effect on it. While extraversion, agreeableness, self-esteem, and self-efficacy had a significant negative effect on depression. Also, the results of path analysis indicate that self-esteem and self-efficacy variables, simultaneously play a mediating role in predicting depression based on personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism). Conclusion: According to the results of the research and the mediating role of self-esteem and self-efficacy in relation to personality traits and depression, planning to promote self-esteem and self-efficacy can play an important role in reducing depression by enhancing extroversion and agreeableness and reducing psychological distress.

Aim: The current research was aimed at constructing and validating the Iranian Family Health Questioner. Methods: This was a correlation research in which 853 parents in the city of Tehran with at least one child were selected via cluster random sampling method and then assessed by Family Assessment Device(FAD), Marital satisfaction (ENRICH) and Iranian Family Health Questioner (IFHQ) which was constructed by the researchers. For investigating the construct validity, internal correlation, and factor analysis were used. In order to verify the reliability of the method, Cronbach's alpha coefficients was used and retest after was run after two weeks. Results: The results showed a sufficiently high validity and reliability. Factor analysis results show that the Iranian Family Health Questioner consisted of five sub-scales, namely: marital, individual, family, parenting and socio-cultural. In addition, retest reliability for whole scale was at 91/0 and for individual at 77/0, for marital dimension at 89/0, for parenting at 81/0, for family at 92/0, and for sociocultural factors at 78/0. Conclusion: Therefore, from research and therapeutic point of view the questionnaire seems to be appropriate for the Iranian population.

Aim: Family representation in the media expresses dominant discourses about its structure and patterns, and the media can create, confirm, or modify these discourses. This article looks at how family rules, structures, and patterns have evolved over the past few decades, and how cinema has played a role in this transformation and discourse, and in what ways, tools, as well as the changes in the family's current and cultural structure are coded for. Methods: Because we deal with animated images, music and words as media texts, we use a qualitative approach with semiotic approach to examine visual cues in selected cinematic films. Purpose: The purpose of this comparative study was to compare the two decades of Iranian cinema in the 70s and 90s with a focus on Leila (Dariush Mehrjui, 1996) and Ice Age (Mostafa Kiaei, 2014). Social and ideological cinematic films in the course of the last two decades from 1970 to 1996 shown that the context of fundamental changes in the family structure and its constituent components such as rules, boundaries, roles and patterns of communication has been identified. Conclusion: The findings confirm that changes from technical to social and ideological codes have made serious changes, and these factors have caused the family structure to collapse.

Aim: One of the most important factors influencing the stability and growth of family is marital adjustment. Marital adjustment refers to a situation in which couples often are concerned about each other’ s welfare and satisfaction, which this process is established during the couples' life. Current research is aimed at studying the effect of relationship enhancement program training on increasing women' marital adjustment for women under the support of Imam Khomeyni Foundation. For this purpose, an experimental design with a pretest-posttest and control group was used. Among women volunteered to participate in the sessions, 40 individuals were chosen and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received relationship enhancement program training during six 90-minute sessions, while the control group received no training. Participants from both groups completed Spanier' marital adjustment questionnaire. Results from analysis of covariance and independent samples t-test showed that group relationship enhancement program training sessions significantly increased marital adjustment and its dimensions (satisfaction, cohesion, consolation and affection expression).

Aim: To become a counselor is not possible without growth, self-awareness, perfection, and self-exploration through receiving counseling and psychotherapy, which provides a unique opportunity for the counselor. The purpose of this study was to investigate and determine the effect of group psychotherapy with didactic approach and sensitivity training approach on the extent of therapeutic mistakes caused by the neurotic counter-transference by counselors and psychotherapists. Methods: For this study, 45 participants (28 females and 17 males) with graduate degrees working at the university counseling centers in Tehran were randomly selected from among the statistical population (N=135) and placed in equal groups in experimental and control groups. Results: Comparison of the results of group interventions (eight 90-120 minute long) on the counselors by the "inventory of common therapeutic mistakes of counselors" in the pre-test and post-test, showed that both didactic and sensitivity training groups, when compared with the control group, had a significant effect on reducing the number of mistakes caused by negative counter-transference on behalf of the counselors. Conclusion: Receiving counseling and psychotherapy, along withsupervision reduces the mistakes of counselors in the process of psychotherapeutic working with clients.