Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:18 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:12

Background and Objectives Colonization of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose of healthcare workers (HCWs) can be considered as the main source of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of S. aureus nasal carriage among HCWs in Pastor and Aflatoonian hospitals in Bam، its antibiotic resistance patterns، and determine Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing of methicillin resistant S. aureus isolate. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study، a total of 258 nasal swabs were collected from HCWs during 2017 and were analyzed to detect methicillin sensitive and resistant S. aureus isolates. Resistance to different antibiotic agents was determined by disk diffusion. The presence of nuc، mecA، pvl genes، and spa and SCCmec types were determined by polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). The data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results Thirty seven subjects (14. 3%) were nasal carrier of S. aureus and one of them (2. 7%) was resistant to methicillin with Sccmec type IV and spa type t608. All of isolates were sensitive to vancomycin، linezolid and mupirocin. The pvl gene was found in 8 (22. 2%) isolates. Except with regard to gender (p=0. 036)، occupation، age، hospital ward، years of healthcare service، previous antibiotic therapy during the last three months، hospitalization and blood group were not significantly associated with nasal carriage (p? 0. 05). Conclusion Although according to the results، the frequency of nasal carriage of S. aureus isolates among HCWs at our hospitals compared to the other studies from Iran was low، regular S. aureus carriage screening as well as decolonization strategies is recommended.

Background and Objectives: Heavy metals enter water supply sources in different ways such as natural or artificial and when they enter the food chain and accumulate in tissues, they cause harmful effects on human health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water sources in Karaj and compare it with national standards. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed in Karaj city in 2017. A total of 58 samples from wells were collected in polyethylene containers. To stabilize the concentration of heavy metals, the pH of the sample was reduced to below 2 with 2 normal nitric acid. In this study, the concentration of heavy metals such as chromium, copper, lead, manganese and zinc was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: The results of this study showed that 18 samples of manganese metal and 8 sources of copper were found to be outside the standard range in Karaj water sources. The concentration of the rest of the elements studied was desirable. Conclusion: According to the findings, it is important to search for the causes of the presence of copper and manganese in water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the waste disposal sites and existing industries, the type of connections and intubation and geological problems of the area.

Background and Objectives: Divorce as one of the most stressful sources can cause default in people’ s cognitive structures, and on the other hand the role that cognitive factors play in understanding the dynamics of marital interactions and relationship, has been in the spot light in the recent years. So the purpose of this survey was to determine the effectiveness of holographic reprocessing on general health and cognitive emotion regulation on female divorce applicants. Materials and Methods: In this educational trial, 30 women were randomly picked from all the female divorce applicants who referred to Bijar county court in 2015-2016 and were randomly put in 2 groups of experiment and control (each group 15 people). For the experiment group 9 sessions of group therapeutic plan was held while the control group didn’ t receive any education. For gathering information, general health and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire was used and data was analyzed by descriptive indicators and covariance analysis. Results: The result of covariance analysis indicated a meaningful difference between the average test grades of the two groups of experiment and control in the total grade of general health (F=92. 98, p<0. 001) and cognitive emotion regulation (F=0. 95, p=0. 003). Conclusion: According to the results, the holographic reprocessing treatment was actually effective in improving general health and cognitive emotion regulation in female divorce applicants. Therefore, using the holographic reprocessing packages as a treatment guide for improving mental health and divorce prevention is suggested to people who refer to the family domain in health centers.

Background and Objectives: Ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries in valleyball players that reduces the strength of ankle muscles and this leads to reduced function and balance, and results in recurrence of injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine and compare balance, function, strength and endurance of selected core muscle groups in male volleyball players with and without an ankle sprain. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 40 male volleyball players in Bandar Abbas clubs in 2018 with age range of 20-27 were randomly selected and divided into two groups with and without chronic ankle sprain. The number of subjects in each group was 20. McGill test, manual muscle testing (MMT), Y balance test, figure-eight jump and Side-to-Side Hop tests were used to measure trunk endurance, strength, balance and function of volleyball players of the two groups, respectively. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. Results: Significant differences were observed between the groups in hip abduction (p=0. 006), external rotation strength (p=0. 020), the Sorensen test (p=0. 018), 60° trunk flexion test (p=0. 032), forward bridge (p=0. 031), inferolateral (p=0. 021) and inferomedial (p=0. 008) of the Y balance test and total score of Y balance test (p=0. 019), figure-eight jump (p=0. 023) and Side-to-Side Hop test (p=0. 033). Conclusion: The findings showed that the ankle sprain, if not accompanied by rehabilitation program, may have negative effect on strength, endurance, balance and performance of athletes. Accordingly, rehabilitation and balance exercises are recommended to prevent the possibility of recurrence.

Background and Objectives: Given the fact that randomized controlled clinical trials are more valid than other research methods to determine the therapeutic effects of treatment, proper design and accurate reporting is of particular importance. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of writing the title and abstract of randomized clinical trials of Iranian medical universities journals in 2016 using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, information gathering through internet search was limited to Persian language journals affiliated to the medical universities of the country. Based on the CONSORT checklist, which contains 18 questions, all randomly controlled clinical trials, consisting of 262 papers published in these magazines in 2016, were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square and Fisher’ s exact tests. Results: Only 34 (13%) of the articles refered to “ randomized” word in the title of the article. Regarding the proportion of cases observed in the articles, based on the gender of the author, only two "mentioning the place of data collection" (p=0. 009) and "mentioning clinical trial registration number" (p=0. 020) and based on the scientific rank two cases, namely, “ mentioning the full details of the responsible author” (p=0. 002) and "mentioning the randomized method" (p=0. 039) were significantly different. Conclusion: The need to follow CONSORT criteria and eliminate the deficiencies mentioned for conducting these studies in the country seems necessary. Therefore, it is recommended to the authors to use the CONSORT clinical checklist while writing randomized controlled clinical trials.

Background and Objectives: Resistance to aminoglycosides has become a major problem in the treatment of urinary tract infection due to the extensive use of this antibiotic group. Due to the increased resistance of Escherichia coli to aminoglycosides, this study systematically evaluated the resistance to aminoglycosides by Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) in Iran over the past 12 years. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, data on resistance to aminoglycosides in UTI isolates of E. coli in Iran from 2000 to 2012 were studied by evalution of 43 studies (14129 cases) including English and Persian articles, accredited domestic and international websites (magiran, PubMed, ScienceDirect), dissertations and microbiology conferences summaries. Results: Resistance to amikacin, gentamicin and tobaramycin was evaluated in 5, 24, 37 studies, respectively. Totally, 24 studies were done on outpatients, 11 on inpatients and 8 on both outpatient and inpatients. In 39 studies disc diffusion, 2 sudies E test and 2 studes MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) were used. According to the statistical analysis, the resistance to amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin was estimated 20. 84, 12. 30 and 43. 66 precent, respectively. Conclusion: According to different methods of resistance measurement and statistical indices, there is a heterogeneity and fluctuation in the level of resistance to aminoglycosides, including the increasing trend of resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin in Iran. The appropriate use of this antibiotic group with the evaluation of isolated resistance along with continuous monitoring on epidemiology of regional resistance is needed.

Background and Objectives: Mouthwashes are commonly used to reduce the harmful effects of oral bacteria. The purpose of the present study was to compare the antibacterial effects of Matrica and Chlorhexidine 0. 2% mouthwashes on common microorganisms in periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods: This is a laboratory study in which disc diffusion method was used. The diameter of the inhibition zone caused by the antimicrobial effect of Matrica and Chlorhexidine 0. 2% was measured in millimeter. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The highest mean diameter of the inhibition zone caused by Matrica was 14. 85± 0. 42 and in case of Chlorhexidine 0. 2%, 25. 54± 0. 49. Chlorhexidine showed more inhibitory effect compared to Matrica (p˂ 0. 001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that chlorhexidine compared to Matrica has a more antibacterial effect on bacteria that are effective in periodontal diseases. Matrica mouthwash has a more inhibitory effect on the Actinomyces viscosus compared with the other two bacteria.

Background and Objectives: Some bacteria have the ability to survive in juice after pasteurization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination rate of industrial juices with grampositive bacteria via microbial culture. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 165 samples of 25 different brands of beer. The specimens were incubated in blood agar medium for 48 hours; then the grown colonies were counted. Data were analyzed using independent t-test. Results: Contamination with gram-positive cocci was reported in the pasteurized juices with an average of 6. 84 ± 4. 36 (cfu/mL) and in the unpasteurized juices with an average of 5. 24 ± 3. 03(cfu /mL). Conclusion: According to the results, pasteurized juices were highly contaminated and it can be due to lack of proper pasteurization by different brands of juices.