JOURNAL OF RAFSANJAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH SERVICES
Year:2005 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 (14)|Papers Count:12

Background: A huge number of inefficient embryo implantation caused by embryo transfer techniques. Cervical mucus aspiration is the most important factor in successful embryo transfer. Based on reports pregnancy rate in woman with positive culture of cervical mucus is lower than women with negative culture. Mucus plague on the catheter tip can cause improper embryo implantation. This study evaluated the effect of cervical mucus aspiration on embryo transfer results.Materials and Methods: A Randomized Clinical trial study was performed on 340 women (in two groups) by cycles of ART (Assisted reproductive technology) such as IVF (In vitro Fertilization) or ICSI (Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection) referred to the Research and Clinical Center of Infertility and Madar Hospital of Yazd. Male's and female's age, duration and cause of infertility were matched in two groups. The long time protocol was used for induction of the ovaries. In 170 patients, cervical mucus aspiration was done with insulin syringe (A or case group). In the control group or group B (170 women), cervical mucus was aspirated only with cotton swabe. The patients were followed up by ß-HCG serum level measurement on the day 14 after embryo transfer. The data were analyzed by Chi-square and t-test.Results: Mean of men's age in group A was 35.26±5.2 years and in group B was 35.13±5.4 years. Mean of women's age in group A was 29.8±5.3 years and in group B was 30.2±5.4 years. Mean of infertility duration was 8.6±4.6 years in both groups. Mean of follicle number, oocytes number, embryos number, cause of infertility and IVF/ICSI method in both groups were similar and there was no significant difference.Pregnancy rate in group A, was more than group B, (26.9% Vs 19.2%), but was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Cervical mucus aspiration with insulin syringe before embryo transfer can increase the pregnancy rate. This has confirmed by other studies, so it seems that cervical mucus aspiration before embryo transfer is useful.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of connective tissue that has affected 1% of human population. The role of calcium antagonists in acute inflammation has shown by previous studies. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of verapamil and nifedipine (two calcium antagonists) on experimental arthritis induced by complete Ferund’s adjuvant (CFA) in rat knee.Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out in 8 groups of adult male rats. In group 1 and 2 (CFA and control group), 0.2 ml of CFA or saline solution were injected respectively. Groups 3and 4 received 100 and 800µg/kg nifedipine and groups 5 and 6 received the same doses of verapamil orally 7 days after injection of CFA till the end of study. Group 7 (solvent group) received dim ethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as same as groups 5 and 6 and group 8 received 15mg/kg ibuprofen daily from day 7th orally with gastro-intestinal tube. The changes caused by chronic inflammation were evaluated by measurement the knee diameter and Evans blue (E.B) content through 28 through days of CFA injection. Results: The finding of this study showed that on day 7th after CFA injection the knee diameter (13.1±0.2mm) increased significantly compared to the day zero (9.99±0.08 mm). The increasing of diameter was significant till the end of study (day 28) (p<0.001). DMSO failed to reduce the increased diameter induced by CFA but the high dose of nifedipine on day 14, 21 and 28 and its low dose only on day 28 reduced the increased diameter significantly (p<0.01). The low dose of verapamil on days 14 and 28 and its high dose only on day 28 have had an inhibitory effect. Ibuprofen inhibited the increased diameter during all 28 days of study significantly (p<0.01). The E.B content before the injection of CFA was 2.97±0.14 µg/100mg tissue that increased significantly after injection of CFA. Whereas 7 days after CFA injection, E.B content was 12.37±0.7µg/100mg tissue (p<0.001). Either low or high dose of calcium channel blockers had significant inhibitory effect on E.B content on days 14, 21 and 28 p<0.001. The inhibitory effect of calcium channel blockers on E.B content was comparable to ibuprofen effect on the day 28.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that nifedipine and verapamil can inhibit the experimental arthritis induced by CFA injection into the rat knee, by reducing the knee diameter and decrease the E.B content (albumin leakage)

Background: Epidemiological studies suggested that incidence of cardiovascular diseases in menopause women is more than their no menopausal period. The cardio protective role of estrogen may be responsible for some of these effects. In the present study we evaluated the role of female sex hormones on bar reflex sensitivity in acute hypertension state of rat.Materials and Methods: This was an experimental-interventional study that performed on 48 male and female rats. The male and female animals were separately divided into three groups included vehicle, estrogen and progesterone receiving groups (8 animals in each groups). Anesthetized female animals were ovariectomised, and then all animals were encapsulated with capsules containing sex hormones or solvent. 2 weeks after that, each femoral artery and vein cannulated under anesthetization to record mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and also infusion of phenylephrin. ∆HR and ∆MAP were recorded before and after injection of phenylephrin, to evaluate the bar receptors function, baroreflex sensitivity [BRS (∆HR/∆MAP)] index was used. The data obtained from power lab instrument and processed by computer.Results: HR and MAP in estrogen and progesterone received groups, before phenylephrin injection (rest state), have no statistical differences with control group. BRS in the male estrogen-receiving group (0.6±0.03) was higher (p<0.05) compared to sham (0.48±0.05), also estrogen increased BRS (p<0.05) in female estrogen receiving group (0.76±0.03) compared to sham (0.45±0.05). Conclusion: Mean arterial pressure and heart rate in both estrogen receiving groups were reduced compared to vehicle group. Therefore it can be concluded that estrogen increased bar reflex sensitivity to prevent variation in acute blood pressure.

Background: Knowledge of the normal blood pressure (BP) in every region and its distribution by age and sex can help planners compile programs to control and prevent hypertension. This study was planned evaluate the BP in the urban population of Sabzevar.Materials and Methods : In a cross sectional study , 844 subjects from different age groups were selected through cluster sampling from the population covered and supported by health centers in Sabzevar. Their systolic and diastolic BP were measured in the standard format using ALPK2 sphygmomanometer and Littman stethoscope.Results: According to the results of this study, 54% of the subjects were female and 46% were male; with the mean age of 30.9±17.8. In the age group less than 15 years, systolic and diastolic BP were 106.8±13.7 and 68.1±11.8mmHg respectively. Corresponding figures in the age group more than 55 years were 144.6 ± 23.8 and 87.1(± 12.3) mmHg respectively. Findings revealed that there was an ascending trend of systolic and diastolic BP as age increased. Prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension were observed to be 21.5% and 25.8%, respectively, with a higher prevalence in women than in men.Conclusion: No significant difference was found between mean systolic and diastolic BP of men and women. High BP requiring continuous interventional programs to make changes in the personal behaviors and lifestyle of the people.

Background: The education of exceptional children (the children who are physically or mentally handicapped) is stressful, and could be the cause of teacher’s burn out. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in exceptional school teachers in Kerman city in the year 2001-2002.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed with census sampling in exceptional schools teachers in Kerman city in the year 2001-2002. Data collection form was symptom-checklist-90-Revised questioner (SCL-90-R). The total number of sample were 235, but only 215 questioners were completed and was analyzed (respondent rate was 91.4%).Results: The result of this study indicated psychiatric disorders in 3 levels as shown below. Mild 38.1%, moderate 3.3%, severe 1.4%. Depression was the most frequent disorder in both sexes (86.1%), paranoid ideation was the least (33.9%). There were not any significant differences between sex and marital status or other background factors in psychiatric disorders according  to SCL-90-R index. There was no difference according to GSI index (Global severity index ) between females and males.Conclusion: Comparison between the above results and other studies suggest the necessity of more attention in mental health among this group

Background: Evaluation the patients for determining the sings of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the most important nursing activities. One of the problems in caring the patients with neurological disorders is finding the intracranial pressure and prevention of its secondary complications.The aim of this descriptive comparative survey was to evaluate the alterations of intracranial pressure due to some curative and health activities in patients admmitted to intensive care unit of Shiraz Namazee hospital. Materials and Methods: In this study the effects of 18 health care activities with 1620 repeats were evaluate in 6 patients with increased ICP due to head injuries .A researcher- made check list was used for data collection after determining proper reliability and validity. Central and descriptive tendency, Spearman coefficient and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analysis. Results: The results of this survey showed that from 18 activities that showed significant difference in ICP, dressing change of catheter site. had highest pressure differential mean (9.62) and activity of pupil reaction of left eye to light had lowest pressure differential mean (1.40) respectively. The results also showed that among 1620 repeated activities only three were associated with decreased ICP.The result showed that, dressing change of catheter insertion site and inserting angiochat had lowest and highest correlation coefficients 0.17 and 0.8 respectively.Conclusion: Although arising ICP has seen after implementation of 18 health care activities but the raise was transient and reconvert in less than one minute.

Background: Preeclampsia remains one of the important obstetrical problems and changes calcium metabolism and low dietary calcium intake has been suggested in the pathophisiology of preeclampsia. The aim of this project was to determine the total and ionized calcium level in normal pregnancy and preeclamptic women.Materials and Methods: This case control study included 100 pregnant women, 20 to 30 years who were 28 to 40 weeks pregnant. Patients were divided into two groups, 50 women as case group (preeclampsia) and 50 women as control group (normal pregnancy). The serum total and ionized calcium were measured in both groups.Results: There were no significant differences between two groups in demographic factors. Duration of pregnancy was significantly different in two groups (36.29±3.2 weeks in case group and 38.19±2.5 in control group) (p<0001). The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index were significantly different in both group (p<0001). The mean systolic blood pressure in preeclamptic women was 149.8±13.39 and in normal group was 108.7±9.73 and the mean diastolic blood pressure in preeclamptic women was 95±8.57 and in normal group was 67.4±10.72, body mass index was 22.84±2.07 in preeclamptic women and in normal pregnancy was 21.21±2.09. There was no significant differences between the two groups in mean serum level of total and ionized calcium (total calcium in preeclamptic women was 9.95±1.28 and in normotensive women was 10.13± 1.11) Ionized calcium was 4.7±0.29 vs. 4.55± 0.54.Conclusions There was no significant differences in serum total and ionized calcium between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women.

Background: Many arteries are responsible for nutrition of brain tissue that one of them is the middle cerebral artery with its branches (perforating arteries). The collapse or injury in each of these branches lead to brain stroke or pathologic injury in brain so perforating arteries has anatomic importance and also it is necessary to recognize these arteries therefore we decided to measure length, outer diameter and number of these vessels in middle cerebral artery.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 26 Brains (21 male and 5 female) of people who were dead by non brain problems causes were surveyed using usual dissection method. The brains were taken out in Kerman forensic medical center and dissection of the brains were performed in Department of anatatomy, Kerman faculty of medicine.The length, diameter and number of perforations were measured in middle cerebral artery (MCA). Data were analysed by t-test.Results: Results showed that the main number of perforating artery branches was 6.03 in right and 6.57 in left the differences between two parts were not significant. The mean length was 13.61±0.05 in right and 13.72±0.51 in left that were not significantly different. The mean outer diameter was 0.49±0.01 in right and 0.58±0.03 in left the difference was significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that the outer diameter of perforating arteries in MCA were significantly different in right and left brain, but the other variables were not significantly different in right and left brain