Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:15 | Issue:7|Papers Count:12

Background and Objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of injuries that mainly appeare in the lower back, neck،and upper limbs. In order to prevent these problems, it is required to evaluate working conditions using the methods of job analysis in ergonomics. This study aimed to determine the musculoskeletal injuries among employed staff in electricity power distribution company of Kermanshah province.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the cross-sectional form on 171 employed staff of the electricity power distribution company in Kermanshah province in 2015. Body map chart was used to determine MSDs. The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method was used to determine the risk of MSDs. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Chi- square test.Results: The most prevalence of MSDs in different limbs were related to back pain, shoulder, and knee pain with 78 people (54.6%), 67 people (39.2%), and 63 people (36.8%), respectively. The results showed that the highest frequency of linemen belonged to level 2 (medium risk) with 43.9%, level 3 (high risk) with 34.5%, and the level 4 (very high risk) with 20.5%, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the type of job and REBA risk level (p<0.001).Conclusion: The MSDs were high specially in lower back, shoulder, and knee. The highest score of ergonomic risk was related to the subtasks of wiring and aerial cabling. It seems that such jobs require more investigation and also control decisions in the near future.

Background and Objectives: Changing the roll of hospital in far future and necessity of long and medium term planning regarding to these changes is undeniable. Evaluation and selection of different approaches to change the hospitals, requires extensive investigations in this area to find the best response, considering the conditions and characteristics of a country.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in two phases: comparative and interviews with experts. The aim was to gather information about active hospital wards in other countries in the first phase and to obtain expert opinions about the wards needed in the years ahead، in the second phase.Results: The results indicated the necessity of expanding outpatient departments in the field of: chronic diseases and cancer, geriatrics (regarding to population aging trend), Recovery after long-term care، sleep clinics، health infrastructure services such as weight management, management of risk factors, lifestyle modification and in some cases, more specialized inpatient departments such as bone marrow transplantation and toxicity.Conclusion: Based on results obtained, the proposed future structure of the hospitals is divided at four levels, the public and nation- wide wards, specialty and subspecialty wards which is limited to some hospitals in the country, luxury and unnecessary wards services and alternative and complementary medicine wards.

Background and Objectives: Traffic accidents are a health dilemma and the first cause of mortality in Iranian youths. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic characteristics of deceased individuals and the related factors in fatal car crashes in the largest province of Iran.Materials and Methods: The present research is a cross-sectional study. All fatal car crashes on the city roads happened from 2012 to 2015 in Kerman province were inquired from traffic police. Logistic regression and time series were used for data analysis.Results: The total number of the accidents led to death was 709.The mean age of the deceased was 37.98±23.94 years and most of them were between 15 to 30 years old. The number of deaths among men (76.1%) and pedestrians (42.7%) were higher. Most of the deceased were not guilty (67.7%). The largest number of guilty vehicles involved were cars (55.0%), the most frequent type of collision was the collision of car with pedestrians (35.1%), the most frequent cause recorded was lack of attention to the front (42.2%), and most collisions happened between 12 am to 2 pm (13.5%) and 6 pm to 8 pm (13.5%) and most of them (68.4%) had died on their way to the hospital. A significant association was found between gender (p<0.001), age (p=0.015), and type of guilty vehicle (p<0.001) with the guilty status of the deceased.Conclusion: It seems necessary to reform urban structure in order to separate the pedestrian path and raise pedestrians safety. As motorcycle and bicycle riders are more vulnerable, strict rules in parallel with accurate monitoring are required for this group.

Background and Objectives: Working length determination is one of the most important factors in successful root canal treatment; therefore, this study was carried out to compare conventional (E- speed) and digital (CMOS) radiographies in determining the working length of the root canals of mandibular molar teeth.Materials and Methods: In this ex-vivo study, 25 permanent mandibular double-root first molar teeth were selected and then access cavities were prepared. In order to determine the real working length of the roots, the number 15K- files were transferred into the canals. After placing each sample in the socket of the teeth, conventional and digital radiographies were performed and the distance between the leveled cusp tip and the file tip were measured in conventional radiography and CMOS images by a caliper with an accuracy of 0.01mm and software, respectively. The data was analyzed using Greenhouse- Geisser, paired t-test and simple linear regression.Results: According to the findings of this study, there was no significant difference between the accuracy of conventional radiography and digital radiography (CMOS) in determining the working length of the root canals of mandibular first molar teeth with less than 250 curve (p>0.05). However, in roots with more than 250 curve, the working length of root canal was higher in the digital radiography (CMOS) compared to the conventional radiography (E-speed) (p=0.001and p=0.004, respectively).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that digital CMOS radiography can be used to measure working length of root canals with mild curvature. However، in teeth with high curvature, it would be better to use conventional radiography to estimate the working length.

Background and Objectives: Because of toxical and hazardous properties of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), its removal by an economical and efficient method is necessary. The use of activated carbon as an adsorbent, is a common and effective method for hexavalent chromium removal. Thus the aim of this study was to produce granular and powdered activated carbon form Peganum Harmala and compare their chromium removal efficiency from synthetic wastewater.Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out in a batch reactor in the laboratory. Peganum Harmala was used as an activated carbon production precursor and ultrasonic waves were used for carbon activation، and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) test was used for determination of specific surface area of activated carbon. In this study the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial chromium concentration, contact time, and mixing speed were investigated. The colorimetric method using UV/VIS Spectrometer T80+ at a wavelength of 540 nm was used for chromium determination. Data analysis was performed by Excel software.Results: The BET test showed that the Granular and powdered activated carbon specific surface area were equal to 442 and 310 m2/g، respectively that indicates the activation process efficacy. The adsorption experiments showed that the optimum pH for Cr(VI) was equal to 2 for both adsorbents and powdered activated carbon had more removal efficiency than its granular form. The kinetic tesults of the reactions indicated that both adsorbents followed pseudo-second order kinetic in the absorbtion process.Conclusion: Comparing specific surface area and chromium adsorption capacity shows that powdered activated carbon is a more efficient and economical adsorbent than the granular form.

Background and Objectives: Medical journals are those journals which their articles present new research findings and science and technology development in the diverse fields of medical sciences. Due to the need of recognition of the scienctific journals in the health domain, the aim of the present article was to introduce and review the epidemiological journals.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 2016. In order to extract the list of epidemiological journals, we referred to SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) and selected 33 journals which the “epidemiology” term has been used in their titles. Important information including name of the journal, country of publication, publisher, editor in chief, subject coverage, types of published articles, indexing, abstracting, duration of publication, Hirsch index, volume number, impact factor, number of published articles in last issue, and the journal website were determined.Results: The results of the present study highlighted that the most prestigious epidemiological journals can be categorized into general epidemiological journals such as: American Journal of Epidemiology, Annals of Epidemiology, European Journal of Epidemiology, and International Journal of Epidemiology; plus specific epidemiologicl journals such as: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Epidemiology and Infection, and Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.Conclusion: The most prestigious journals in epidemiology are those general and specific journals which have high Hirsch index and impact factor plus long duration of publication.

Background and Objectives: Fluoride concentration of 0.5 to 1.5 mg/l in drinking water has a positive effect on prevention or reduction of teeth decay. Today, fluoride needed to prevent teeth decay is primarily provided from drinking water. The aim of this study was to survey the amount of fluoride in drinking water in rural areas of Rafsanjan and its comparison with National and World Health Organization standards.Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted in 2015 in rural areas of Rafsanjan. The samples were collected from 8 resources in the rural areas of Rafsanjan in the spring and summer through using census method (Each season had 8 samples of one liter volume). Samples were kept in polyethylene plastic containers. SPADNS (Sodium2- (Parasulfophenylazo) _ Dihydroxy_3, 6_Naphtalene Disulfonate) reagent was used to determine the amount of fluoride in water. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean±standard deviation) and paired sample t_ test and the significant level was considered as P<0.05The highest amounts of fluoride in the spring (1.13mg/l) and summer (1.15mg/l) were related to the Ahmadabad Dafeh tank and the minimum amounts of fluoride in the spring (0.30 mg/l) and summer (0.48 mg/l) were releated to the Kabootarkhan tank. The average amounts of fluoride in drinking water in villages in the spring and summer were 0.71±0.24 mg per liter and 0.78±0.21 mg per liter،respectively; which had a statistically significant difference (p=0.049).The total amounts of fluoride in drinking water in the rural areas of Rafsanjan (except Kabotarkhan tank) were in the range of WHO and the National standards for drinking water, and it isn’t necessary to add fluoride to water.

Background and Objectives: Traumatic Bone Cyst (TBC) is an intraosseous cyst which is uncommon in jaws. Present report proceeds to a case of TBC developed in mandibular symphysis areaCase presentation: The case was a 14- year- old girl who was seen with a unilocular radiolucent lesion with extention to interradicular zones in mandibular symphysis in her panoramic radiography. The patient didn''t have any clinical symptoms or signs. The radiographic view and observing a blood-filled bone cavity during surgery made the diagnosis of TBC definite for us. The lesion healed after surgical intervention.Conclusion: Confronting radiolucent lesions extending to interradicular zones in mandible especially in young people, TBC should be considered as a differential diagnosis.