JOURNAL OF RAFSANJAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH SERVICES
Year:2018 | Volume:17 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:10

Background and Objectives: Academic burnout is a significant problem associated with poor academic performance. Although there has been increased attention on this issue, literature on the relationship between students’ perfectionism and family emotional climate and burnout is relatively limited. The main purpose of this study was to predict academic burnout in female medical students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2016-2017 academic year based on perfectionism and family emotional climate.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study. Research population consisted of female medical students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, out of which 200 persons were selected by convenience sampling in 2016-2017 academic year and evaluated using Schaufeli et al. Burnout Inventory, Besharat Perfectionism, and Hilburn-Cobb questionnaire of family emotional climate. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean±standard deviation), Pearson’s correlation coefficient as well as multiple linear regression.Results: Pearson’s correlation results showed a significant relationship between perfectionism and burnout (p<0.001, r=0.218), and family emotional climate and academic burnout (p<0.001, r=-0.289). The results of multiple linear regression analysis also showed that perfectionism (p=0.005, B=0.193) and family emotional climate (p=0.001, B=-0.403) are predictive of academic burnout and explain 14.2% of variation of the students’ academic burnout.Conclusion: Considering the obtained results, it seems necessary to pay attention to the role of perfectionism and family emotional climate variables in intervention initiatives to prevent or reduce academic burnout.

Background and Objectives: Despite the extensive use of core stabilizing exercises in a lot of fields of exercise, their effect on variant sports at the professional level is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of specific core stability training on the sports performance of teenage competitive swimmers.Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, the participants, 24 teenage girls with a history of more than 6 year of professional exercise in the Tehran Damash team, were selected based on convenience sampling in 2017 and were randomly assigned into two control and experimental groups. The athlets were evaluated in two phases for the endurance of extensor, flexors and lateral trunk muscles, strength of trunk muscles, dynamic balance and swimming speed (50 and 100 m). The participents in the experimnetal group performed core stabilizing exercises for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.Results: Comparing the mean of pre/post-test in the experimental group showed a significant difference between the endurance of the trunk extensor/flexors, strength of the core region, dynamic balance and swimming speed (50m and 100m). There was also observed a significant difference between the endurance of trunk flexors (p=0.007), right lateralis (p=0.003), total trunk endurance (p=0.014), dynamic balance (p=0.007), and swimming speed of 50m and 100 m (p=0.001 and p=0.020, respectively) in the two groups.Conclusion: It seems that under the impact of a special training course of core stabilizing training for swimmers, following considerable alterations in the endurance of core stabilizing muscles, the dynamic balance and the sports performance of the teenage competitive swimmers are improved.

Background and Objectives: Streptococcus sanguinis and mutans are dental infections agents. Due to the adverse effects of chemical mouthwashes, the aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial effects of cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash and alcoholic extracts of Melissa officinalis plant on the growth of these bacteria.Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, M. officinalis leaves were collected and extracted using percolation method. Well diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were used for the antibacterial effects determination of alcoholic extracts of the plant and mouthwash in the concentrations of 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.62, 7.81, 3.9, 1.95, 0.97 and 0.48 mg/ml. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: The most antibacterial effect of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of M. officinalis and mouthwash on S.mutans and sanguinis was in the concentration of 250 mg/ml and the least inhibitory concentrations against S. mutans were 3.9, 31.25 and 15.26 and against S. sanguinis were 31.25, 15.62and 31.25 mg/ml, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of M. officinalis and mouthwash against S. mutans were 125, 62.5 and 31.25 and against S. sanguinis were 62.5, 31.5 and 62.5 mg/ml, respectively. There was a positive significant correlation between increasing concentration of extracts and inhibition of bacterial growth (p<0.001).Conclusion: It seems that M. officinalis extract like mouthwash can be used as an oral and teeth antiseptic. However, in-vivotests and proves that there is no harmful effects on the human body are essential for the production of this type of herbal mouthwash.

Background and Objectives: Self-medication as one of the major health-social issues can cause many problems for the individual and society. Considering the increasing prevalence of drug abuse in the community, especially among young people, the present study aimed to determine the frequency of self- medication in medical students studying at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2016.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 251 medical students studying at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in different levels of education were enrolled to the study. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at a significant level of p<0.05.Findings: In this study, 193 students (76.9%) and also 137 girls (84%) and 158 single students (80.2%) had selfmedication in the last three months that the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001 and p=0.029, respectively). The most commonly used form of drug was tablet (90.7%), the most used drug was palliative (67.4%) and the most common disease was headache (58.5%). Among the students who had self-medication, 178 students (92.2%) reported the previous experience of drug use, 147 students (75.6%) the unimportant nature of the disease, and 116 cases (60.1%) the self-diagnosis as the causes of self-medication.Conclusion: The findings show that the prevalence of self-medication in Rafsanjan medical students is high.Regarding the complications of this phenomenon, it is suggested that more attention be paid to continuous education of students in order to promote behavior related to drug use and reduce the complications associated with it.

Background and Objectives: The precise identification of the hazards of the oil and gas industry as a part of a safety analysis is emphasized by formal oversight organizations. In industrial activities, risk assessment and risk management techniques are implemented through the use of a preventive approach aimed at improving safety to reduce the incidents. The purpose of this study was to assess the environmental, health and safety risks in the gas condensate storage tanks of Parsian Gas Refinery.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in 2016. The identification of environmental and health hazards from the facilities and human activities in the gas condensate storage tanks was done using Delphi technique and then, the declared risks were studied using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and FMEA (Failur Mode and Effects Analysis) methods and its effects were evaluated and prioritized.Results: In this study, 17 risks were identified, 12 of which were related to the environmental risks and 5 risks related to health and safty. According to the results, the highest number of environmental and health-safety risks in the reservoirs were respectively fire from intentional and terrorist factors with RPN (Risk Priority Number) of 1.824 and inhalation of vapors during repairs with RPN of 3.384.Conclusion: The highest environmental risk was related to fire from terrorists due to the sensitive position of our country in the region. In the safety-health risks section, the highest risk was related to inhalation of vapors during repairs due to non-compliance with safety precautions and the inability to use personal protective equipments such as mask.

Background and Objectives: Studies have indicated that sleep is essential for the development and survival of the brain and increases the brain's capacity for cognitive functions, and sleep loss disrupts cognitive performance. The present review study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on learning and memory with an emphasis on the role of sex hormones.Materials and Methods: In order to investigate this topic, the articles were searched for in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus Database, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The words used while searching were “sleep deprivation, sleep, learning and memory, sex hormones, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive functions” that finally, ninety one references on these topics were reviewed.Results: Researches have shown that sleep deprivation can disrupt learning and memory long-term potentiation (LTP), gene expression, and the rate of proteins in the hippocampus that are important in learning, memory and synaptic plasticity. Studies have shown that cognitive performances such as memory and learning and also different aspects of sleep, including quality and pattern, are different in sexes. A Change in sleep pattern is often associated with hormonal factors, especially sex hormones.Conclusion: Therefore, sex hormones affect the structure of the brain, behavior, learning, and memory in both sexes. The loss of hormonal function is associated with sleep disorders, and reduces learning and memory, especially in female subjects. It can be concluded that ovarian hormones might play a protective role against the deterioration in learning and memory in women with sleep loss.

Background and Objectives: One of the most important environmental health tasks is to inspect the health status of public places that directly affects people's health. The purpose of this study was to determine the health status of public places in Babol city.Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted on 649 mosques, 552 schools and 250 women's barbers of Babol in census method in 2015-2016. Data was collected using a standard checklist related to the health status of mosques, schools and hairdressers through direct visit and observation and analyzed using Chi-square test.Results: Data analysis showed that 299 (46%) of mosques had a favorable health status. The status of schools was favorable in terms of safety and human engineering 509 (92.2%), washstand 519 (94%), toilet 506 (91.7%) solid waste 538 (97.4%) and waste water disposal 505 (91.4%). Among the investigated hairdressers, 45 (18%) were without any defects and health and improvement problems. From the viewpoint of the health condition of the building, 36 (14.4%) of the hairdressers lacked adequate ventilation, and 26 (10.4%) did not have standard refinement conditions and there was a significant difference between the health condition of drinkers, drinking water, protection and safty of the buildings of schools and waste water collection and disposal in the schools in city and village (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the health status of the studied sites was relatively favorable. It is recommended to improve the health status of these places in order to achieve a perfectly desirable situation, with the cooperation of health authorities and attracting public contributions.

Background and Objectives: Enterococci as a part of the normal flora of human gastrointestinal tracts can cause infections in children and adults who have a weaker immune system. The aim of this study was to determine and compare vancomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin and tetracycline resistance in enterococci isolated from Tabriz Children’s Hospital.Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, between May 2016 and May 2017, one hundred enterococci isolates (fifty clinical isolates from variant specimens and fifty stool isolates from different parts of Tabriz Children’s Hospital) were collected. After determinig the type, they were tested for their resistance against antibiotics (vancomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline) by disk diffusion. Data analysis was performed using T-test.Results: Out of 50 clinical isolates, 23 (46%) isolates belonged to Enterococcus faecium while 27 (54%) isolates were Enterococcus faecalis. Among 50 stool isolates, 48 (96%) isolates were Enterococcus faecium and 2 (4%) isolates were Enterococcus faecalis. The results also indicated that there was a significant difference between the clinical and stool isolates in regard to vancomycin (p=0.004), but no significant difference was observed between the clinical and stool isolates in regard to the other antibiotics.Conclusion: Considering the results, stool isolates have higher resistance to antibiotics than those of clinical isolates. Increasing antibiotic resistant strains, especially vancomycin among enterococci, is a serious threat to the general public, especially hospitalized patients, and limits the treatment options for patients with nosocomial infections.