JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2006 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 (31)|Papers Count:14

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Betadine is a disinfectant routinely used in all of the Iranian health centers and many other countries in the world but its effect on wound healing is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of beta dine on wound healing in rat.METHODS: In this interventional study, two groups of rats (n=10 each) were randomized as betadine and control groups. Under nesdonal anesthesia, a full thickness skin in an area of 2 cm2 was excised on dorsal neck of rats and immediately betadine was applied in betadine group. Control group received no treatment. Wound area, percentage of recovery and body weight was measured on postoperative days 1, 4, 7 and 10. Number of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, new vessels, lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and thickness of epiderm were determined in three groups by biopsy on day 10. FINDINGS: The results showed the percentage of recovery was not significantly different in the 4th, 7th and 10th days.Revascularisation, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, neutrophils, epidennal depth and collagen fibers were not significantly different between two groups. Macrophages in the betadine group were significantly higher than control group (p<0.01).CONCLUSON: The results propose that betadine not only does not speed up wound healing but also delays the inflammatory phase.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Since, ovarian response during assisted reproductive technology (ART) depends on ovarian reserve so it is important to evaluate ovarian reserve before the ART cycle. The purpose of this study was to determine correlation between basal antral follicle counts and mean ovarian diameter before treatment with ovarian responsiveness.METHODS: This study was performed on 94 infertile women who consecutively underwent ART in Fatemeh Zahra Center in Babol for one year. FSH, LH and FSH/LH were measured on day 3 of cycle, and basal antral follicle count and mean ovarian diameter were determined by vaginal sonography. GnRH Agonist was administered for hypophysial down regulation and then gonadotropin was administered for induction of ovulation. Ampules of gonodotropin, days of stimulation, numbers of oocytes, pregnancy rate and cycle cancellation were recorded.FINDINGS: A positive linear correlation was seen between basal antral follicle count with recovered oocytes (p<0.05).Also, pregnancy rate had a positive linear correlation with recovered oocyte, fertilized ovum and basal antral follicle count (p< 0.05). A negative linear correlation was observed between basal antral follicle count with ampules of gonadotropin, days of stimulation that was not statistically significant (p>0.05). It was not seen a significant correlation between mean ovarian diameter and pregnancy rate, recovered oocytes, days of stimulation and ampules of gonodotropin.CONCLUSION: The results show that antral follicle count on cycle day 3 has positive correlation with oocyte count and pregnancy rate. It is an easy and reliable method to predict ovarian responsiveness that allows physicians to evaluate patients immediately before ART stimulation and to optimize stimulation protocols.  

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Infertility as an obvious problem causes different social problems in family. One of the most common methods to solve the problem of infertile couples with azoospermia is capture via testis or epididymo biopsy. Use of anesthetic drugs is unavoidable for pain relief. Since these drugs can cause the reduction of sperm motility so it is necessary to determine the concentration of drugs that used for topical anesthetic.METHODS: In this experimental study, semen samples of 30 men were studied. Post swim up samples (65ml) in Ham's F10 culture were put in six separated tubes and 10% of semen was mixed with xylocaine (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%). Sample one was considered as control group and sperm motility and grading at 3 different times (0, 2, and 24 hours) were recorded. Data was statistically analyzed.FINDINGS: Mean of sperm motility in control group was 63.2±5.31 and in test group decreased from 45.50±11.54 (xylocaine 20%) to 4.9±5.72 (xylocaine 100%) (p= 0.000). Prolonged contact causes more decrease in motility and grading of sperm (p=0.001).CONCLUSION: Increase of xylocaine concentration caused a decrease in sperm motility, so the effect of xylocaine on sperm parameters depends on dosage and duration of contact.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Microleakage has been considered as one of the important factors in a restoration longevity. According to the introduction of new materials (ceramics and reinforced composites) in fixed prosthodontics and the use of bonding techniques in cementation, microleakage of these materials with the use of two cements was evaluated in this study.METHODS: In this experimental study, forty human upper and lower premolar teeth were divided equally into two groups. Group was allocated to ceramic restorative material (IPS Empress II) and group 2 was allocated to a reinforced composite restorative material (Targis & Vectris). In each group, samples were divided into two subgroups: ten were cemented with one resin cement (Variolink) and the others were cemented with (Dual) resin cement. After standard preparations for each material, relevant crowns were made and luted. After die penetration, the samples were sectioned and the extent of microleakage was assessed by reflective microscope and then the statistical analyses were performed (one way anova and t-test).FINDINGS: The group assortments according to the least to the most were: group 2 (Ipse II- Variolink) (0.04670), group I (IPSE II-Dual) (0.4750), group 4 (T&V-Variolink) (0.5438) and group 3 (T&V-Dual) (0.7625). Of course there were no significant differences among groups. A comparison between two types of cements, types of restorative materials and types of teeth, showed no significant differences. The level of microleakage was very low (according to the score selected). In only four samples high values were noted. The maximum amount of microleakage was at the cement- dentin interface.CONCLUSION: According to obtained results of this study, there was no significant difference among tested groups. It's crucial for this study to be done with higher sample volume in order to define the best group.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the most common complications after general anesthesia is nausea and vomiting that can cause spasm, hypoxia and pulmonary aspiration. Metoclopramide and dropridol are two common drugs to prevent nausea and vomiting after operation. On the other hand adding dexamethasone to these drugs is effective in decreasing nausea and vomiting. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of metoclopramide and dropridol on prevention of nausea and vomiting after operation.METHODS: In this study, 160 patients were randomly divided into two groups of 80 patients. Patients in both groups were equally administered with premedication and induction of anesthesia according to their weight. The first group was injected with metoclopramide associated with dexamethasone and the second group was injected with dropridol associated with dexamethasone. After removing tracheal tube, nausea and vomiting in both groups were assessed for two hours and then data was compared to each other.FINDINGS: Postoperative nausea and vomiting in first group was 24% and in second one was 8%. Nausea and vomiting in females was more than males (p=0.049).CONCLUSION: According to the results, dropridol associated with dexamethasone can cause decreasing of nausea and vomiting in patients after general anesthesia.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Modeling is one of the most fundamental methods of denoting statistical variables which by using it, we can found distribution of noted response variable. For analysis data same as length of hospital stay (LOS), we have not data normality and error variances homogeneity, so, we can use nonparametric methods or distribution correction likes logarithmic transferring for using parametric methods. According to experiences in this situation, considering mixture distributions approximately can improve goodness- of- fit distribution. The goal of this study was to introduce mixture Poisson modeling and using mixture Poisson regression models for explaining duration of patient hospitalization in hospital and gaining effective factors on this time of duration and also comparing these models with common regression models in these data.METHODS: After interdicting mixture Poisson modeling and its regression, we applied these models for modeling LOS in two wards in Arak Vali-e-Asr hospital. Variables of age, marriage status, birth location and living location as independent variables and duration of hospitalization in hospital as countable response variable were considered and LOS was considered as response variable for application these models.FINDINGS: The findings have show that in base Log-likelihood value and more dispersion LOS data in the surgical ward mixture Poisson model was a suitable for explain LOS with the other variables and in internal ward the variation of hospitalization time is not great, so this model cannot describe this variable explanation.CONCLUSION: By consideration Log-likelihood value and variation of LOS in surgical ward, the Poisson mixture model is a good model for describing this variable. By using general models, the Log-likelihood value is more than mixture Poisson modeling and there are less significant factors in models. Application of these models in cases which the countable response variable has great variation, is recommended.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: According to the high prevalence of recurrent anterior and traumatic shoulder dislocation, different methods have been suggested for treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of surgery of coracoid osteotomy and fixation to anterior glenoid.METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 43 patients suffering anterior dislocation of shoulder from 1993 to 2004 in Babol. All patients were treated by coracoid transfer and fixation to glenoid by its incision and passing through subcapsular muscle without manipulation on articular capsule. Fixation was done with velpo for 21 days and the rehabilitation performed by physiotherapy program. Outcome was evaluated by different radiographies, range of motion, absence or presence of continuous and night pain, recurrence dislocation, muscle atrophy and returning to normal activity.FINDINGS: Mean age of patients was 26.09±6.3 years. Three to twenty eight dislocations were reported. There were no recurrence after surgery and the mean time for returning to normal activity was 7.7±1.5 months. Average loss of external rotation and flexion were 8 degrees compared with normal side. Continuous pain after surgery was seen in one patient, due to screw loosing that was repaired with screw extraction.CONCLUSION: Results show that this procedure had good success in treatment of recurrent and traumatic shoulder dislocation. Comparative studies with other procedures are required to evaluate the results of this procedure.

BACKGROUND ANDOBJECTIVE: Hydronephrosis is defined as abnormal dilation of pyelocaliceal system. There is a controversy about the etiologies and follow up in antenatal and neonatal hydronephrosis. This study was done to determine the etiologies of hydronephrosis in neonates who were born with this disorder.METHODS: This study was carried out on all neonates who were referred to nephrology department and clinic of Amirkola children hospital, Babol Medical University from 1998 to 2004. In whom it was diagnosed hydronephrosis before or after birth; VCUG (voiding cystourethrography), IVP (Intravenous pyelography) and/or DTPA (diethylene triamine-pentaacetic acid) were used as needed. Then all data were evaluated according to their etiologies.FINDINGS: Of 42 neonates, 38 (90%) were male and 4 (10%) were female. Twenty-four (57%) and 17 (40%) patients had UPJO (ureteropelvic junction obstruction) and VUR (vesicouretral reflux), respectively. Twenty-six (62%) had been diagnosed before birth. The most common causes of admission were prenatal diagnosis (57%) and UTI (24%). Among 54 hydronephrotic kidneys unites in 42 neonates, 30 (55.5%), 23 (42.5%) and 1 had VUR, UPJO and UVJO respectively.CONCLUSION: The most common cause of hydronephrosis in neonates was UPJO. It is needed to give more attention to male neonates who showed higher prevalence of hydronephrosis and also early prenatal sonographic diagnosis.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Measles is a febrile viral disease that spreads from person to person via respiratory route.Measles vaccination is done to produce protective levels of antibody against this virus. In regions where children have not received measles vaccine, the disease causes about one million deaths per year. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measles antibodies in serum of children aged 4-6 years in Babol.METHODS: This descriptive and analytical study was carried out on 157 serums of 4-6 year old children who received two doses of measles vaccine at 9 and 15 months of age. ELIZA test was used to determine the serum antibodies against measles disease in these children.FINDINGS: Among 157 subjects, 91(57.9%) were male and 66 (42.1%) were female. The mean age of children aged 4-6 years was 5±0.77 The highest mean antibody titer (90.3IU/ml) was seen in 4 year old children and the lowest antibody titer (49 IU/ml) was seen in 6 year old children. No significant difference was seen in the mean antibody titer between male and female, but the mean of antibody level decreased significantly from 4 to 6 year children (p=0.03).CONCLUSION: The results show that because of reducing the levels of antibody below protective level at the age of 6, we recommend a revaccination of measles at this age.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Superficial mycoses are the most common infection in Iran. Scalp mycoses are most frequently seen in children especially in elementary schools. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of superficial mycoses in children of elementary schools.METHODS: in this descriptive study, among 20000 elementary school students in Babol, 2100 were randomly assessed during 2003-2004. Cluster sampling was used in schools. Students were clinically examined for fungal infections of hair, skin and nail and sampling was taken from suspicious cases. Direct microscopic and culture examination of samples were performed.FINDINGS: Among 2100 students, 136 cases (6.5%) had skin lesion. Fungal infection was seen in 35% after the microscopic and cultural examination. There were four cases of tinea versicolor (0.2%), 2 cases of periungal candidiasis (0.1%) and 1 case of tinea capitis (0.05%) caused by microsporum canis.CONCLUSION: According to the result of this study, superficial fungal infections are seen less among elementary school students.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Penile amputation is one of the rare complications of genitourinary tract injuries. Most cases of penile amputation are the result of self mutilation in patients suffering from psychiatric diseases. Penile amputation with less common causes is accidental trauma and felonious assault. In this paper we present a case with total amputation of penis and left testis who was treated by a complete team of surgery.CASE: A 44 year old man who was injured by combine farm machine and developed total penile amputation from the base and total amputation of left testis from spermatic cord in inguinal area. Patient with hypovolemic shock due to severe bleeding was admitted to emergency ward. After resuscitation of patient and stabilization of vital signs he underwent open cystostomy, perineal urethrostomy and right testis fixation based on severity of trauma, necrosis of amputated segment and nonvisualization of proximal of penis. Now, patient has complete urinary continence and is candidated for penile prosthesis or repair via radius or gracilis muscles but he refuses this procedure.CONCLUSION: However total amputation of penis and testis in accidental trauma is very rare, a complete surgical team including urologist, microsurgeon and plastic surgeon should be organized and replantation should be performed if distal part of penis is viable.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Synovial chondromatosis is a rare disease. It occurs as primary or secondary lesion with involvement of joint, tendon and bursa (extra articular) or combined. We present a case of subacromial chondromatosis with presentation of a large cystic lesion with rapid growth and containing numerous chondral particles. CASE: The patient was a 16 year old boy admitted with a huge mass at right shoulder which was begun since 3 months. Sonography and CT scan showed a mass of 7× 10 ×4 cm, which contained small particles. The patient was operated and a very large cystic mass with numerous rice bodies in it was removed. Pathologic examinations revealed primary synovial chondromatosis.CONCLUSION: Synovial chondromatosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of cystic masses around the joints especially shoulder.