JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2000 | Volume:2 | Issue:3 (7)|Papers Count:13

Objective: in this study lithium chloride was used in order to find out its effect on memory and behaviour of rats.Methods: in this experiment t- maze shaped apparatus was used. the animals used in this study were male rats with approximate weight of 120-150g.the animals were randomly divided into two groups of fifty, one group received lithium chloride subcutaneously, where as the other group received normal saline as control. two parameters: (1) entrance direction of rats to each t-maze apparatus (2) time taken by rats to reach the target box containing food, through t-maze shaped apparatus were studied.Findings: statistical analysis of results indicates that the rat in the test group required a longer period of time to reach the target box, and also it had difficulty in choosing the box as compared with those in control group.Conclusion: on the basis of results, it might be indicated that lithium chloride has a negative effect on memory and behaviour in rat.

Objective: Dexamethasone and hydrocortisone are two glucocorticoids widely used to alleviate moderate to acute inflammation. But due to their different pharmacokinetics, potential of these drugs in initation of abnormalities is not equivalent with their pharmacologic activities. Their different pharmacokinetics of absorption, distribution and metabolism result in production of different teratogenic effects on the embryo that may not be parallel to pharmacological potencies.Methods: after an incubation of 20 days, we removed the chick embryos from the eggs and studied the effects pf drugs in development of abnormalities like embryonic toxicity.Findings: results of this investigation showed that dexamethasone and hydrocortisone induce remarkable malformation in the doses of 410-4 mg and 210-1 mg respectively.Conclusion: this study showed that in the same dose dexamethasone is 500 times more potent than hydrocortisone in term of teratogenicity.

Objective: Although trace elements are essential nutrients for microorganisms, at high concentration they can be toxic for their growth and modify their metabolic patterns as well. In order to find out the influence of cadmium on gram negative and gram positive bacterial cell growth, the present investigation has been undertaken.Methods: A series of experiments, E.Coli and B.Cereus cells have been incubated in nutrient broth medium with and without (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mM/Li) cadmium chloride for 5 hours at 37°c. Growth of bacterial cells has been assessed by spectrophotometry every 30 minutes.Findings: The results obtained showed that addition of 0.01mM/li of CD2+ in the medium inhibit B.Cereus growth to 41.1%, with no effect on E.Coli growth. In comparison with control, in concentration of 0.05 mM/li CD2+, growth of E.Coli has been decreased to 87.5% after 3.5 hours of incubation. But this concentration of CD2+ is inhibitory to growth of B.Cereus.Conclusion: This finding suggested the important role of concentration of trace elements in Microorganism's behaviors, in comparison with E.Coli, B.Cereus is more susceptible to cadmium.  

Objective: Drug usage has been increased in Iran during the last decade. In Iran improper drug supply has raised problems for the country. At present, there is no good outlook to improve the problem in future if the major reforms are not made. In this survey, we studied the general practitioners'(GPs) prescriptions for drug recommendation pattern & their problems in Babol.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 4000 prescriptions of 52 G.P.s during 1999. Chi - square test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. A difference with p<0.05 between groups at each point was considered statistically significant.Findings: In our study, the mean dosage form value was 4.45 items per prescription. Incompatibility of recommended drugs was seen in %30.4 of the prescriptions. %62.9 of the prescriptions had NSAIDs, %61.9 antibiotics, %37.7 CNS drugs, % 27.3 GI drugs, %23.2 steroidal drugs, %19.9 infusion fluids, %19.8 vitamins & %12 cardiovascular drugs. The most common dosage forms were, in an order of tablet (%81, 4), injection (%58.4), syrup & suspension (%43.4), capsule (%34.1) & cutaneous drugs (%13.7).Conclusion: According to the results, drug recommendation by the G.P.s is not favorable. Surely, the drug usage behavior people will not change if we don't change our revenue. So, it is necessary to improve collaboration of the physicians & the pharmacists and to have education programmers for the medical students & physicians on rational recommendation by education development centers.

Objective: We try to answer the question of '' how much will (co2) of blood change if we keep the amount of fresh gases constant" the subject of the present study on patients in Tajrish hospital in winter 1998.Methods: This research was done on 80 adults in the age group of 15-65. Who was under goung a surgical operation of lung. This was clinical trial using double blind sequential method subjects in control group were giner inspirations (12/min) and 12 times in the first 30 minutes for those in test group and in both groups the paco2 of blood was measured by the AVL system during the first 30 and 60 minutes. The amount of drug used before anesthesia and also the amount of anesthetic gases has been equal in both groups.Findings: The research outcome has shown that the amount of paco2 was not changed at all in control group where as it has increased among the experimental subjects from 28.74±3.38 in the first half hour to 34.32 ±3.65 in the first hour. While paired t test showed that this 20% increase can be noticeable, statistics (p<0.001) and the changes of paco2 in both groups also revealed to be clear and meaningful (p<0.001).Conclusion: The results have shown that increased respiratory rate increases the level of paco2, although such increments would be considered normal.  

Objective: Infertility is a common health problem and its treatment is sometimes complicated by several factors. Endometrium thickness has been suggested as one of important predictor of uterine predisposition for pregnancy. In this study the relationship between the pattern and thickness of Endometrium on the third day of menstruation and on the ovulation day in induction of ovulation (IO) cycle was evaluated.Methods: The study was done on 695 IO cycles in the patients referring to the infertility center. The correlation between thickness of Endometrium on the third day and ovulation day of the cycle was investigated. Data- were analyzed with statistical methods and differences between each point were considered significant at p<0.05.Findings: The pattern, thickness of Endometrium and follicular growth were evaluated on the third day and the ovulation day by transvaginal sonography. In this survey the Endometrium on the third day of the cycle was suitable in 506 and unsuitable in 186 cases. From 506 cases with suitable Endometrium only 50 cases had unsuitable Endometrium on ovulation day (9.5%). on the other hand from 189 cases of unsuitable Endometrium in 165 cases (87%) the Endometrium was unsuitable on ovulation day (p<0.0001).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between Endometrium thickness on the third day of the cycle and the ovulation day. By observing an unsuitable Endometrium at the beginning of IO cycle, we had better not begin the cycle and postpone it to another cycle in which Endometrium has been modified by hormonal therapy.  

Objective: Infertility is one of the crises that can cause various mental problems such as depression that is stressful, but personal characteristics can influence the quality of response to infertility stress which is important to be recognized in depressed infertile women. In order to study the incidence of depression in infertile women and comparing individual and socio - economic characteristics of depressed and undepressed infertile women who were referred to infertility center of fatemeh zahra (peace upon her) of Babol in 1999, this study was conducted.Methods: This is a cross - sectional descriptive analytic study. 310 infertile women were selected from Jan. 1998 to Aug. 1999. We used questionnaires about personal characteristics, beck and Hamilton depressive Scales to obtain data.Findings: The incidence of depression in the in fertile women was %50.6 (%22/6mild, 23/2% moderate and %4.8 severe). The average age of depressed infertile women was 26±6.1 and in undepressed group 27.1±6.1 years. The frequency of the following factors among severely depressed women has been higher comparing to other groups: being a housewife, living in rural areas, low economic status, and primary infertility and having the idea of considering infertility as a major problem in their family life. The severely depressed women were of lower educational level and have improper relationship with their husbands. %1 of infertile women had a history of suicide that was only observed in the depressed group.Conclusion: This study indicates that personal characteristics in the infertile women were different. Therefore, establishing counseling centers to identify them, to treat severe and moderate depressed women especially and providing a social support are important in physical and mental health.

Objective: Surveillance and evaluation of the physical growth of children are the main source of information for nutritional status, promotion of health status and progress of learning process in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical growth (height, weight) of school age children at 6-11 years in his city of Babol.Methods: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 995 students from primary schools was conducted using cluster sampling technique in 1998. Height and weight were measured for each student. In the statistical analysis, the percentiles of height and weight (for age and gender) were compared with NCHS standards.Findings: The results show that the 50th percentile of weight of boys and girls was close to 25th percentile of NCHS up to 11 year; but it was located under 25th percentile of NCHS at 11 year. also, the 50th percentile of height was between 25th and 50th percentiles of NCHS up to 10 year; it was deviated toward 25th percentile at 10 year (p<0.05). These results show that the nutrition status of children has been deteriorated by increasing age.Conclusion: The results indicated that weight and height of American children can not be generalized to our population. Thus, it is necessary to provide standard charts of growth at the national level.  

Introduction: Meigs syndrom could be defined as a combination of ascitis, ovarian tumor and hydrothorax that is usually seen among women after menopause. The source of tumor is from mesenchymal tissues of ovary. The tumor is tight and gray on its surface. It lacks any hormonal release. If the fibroma is along with ascitis and hydrothorax, it may lead to meigs syndrom.Case: She is a 64 year old woman with symptoms of pain, uterine heaviness and a history of primary infertility and menopause, for which she came to Ghaem hospital. On physical examination of abdomen, we suspected ascitis but after full investigation, ovarian tumor, ascitis and hydrothorax were confirmed. Thus, laparotomy was performed after diagnosis of meigs syndrom. On laparatomy, left ovarian turner and ascitis were observed. Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy of the ovary were done.Biopsy from omentum and puncture of ascitis fluid was done. The fluid was negative for malignancy and ovarian fibroma was reported by pathology lab. The patient was discharged and during three to four months after the operation, alleviation of hydrothorax in chest-x-ray was proved and there wasn't any abnormal finding on abdominal or pelvic exam inactions.